{"id":2593,"date":"2024-05-24T18:59:06","date_gmt":"2024-05-24T18:59:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/pentecostalism-assemblies-god-study\/"},"modified":"2024-12-03T20:31:48","modified_gmt":"2024-12-03T20:31:48","slug":"pentecostalism-assemblies-god-study","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ar\/learn\/pentecostalism-assemblies-god-study\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pps-series-post-details pps-series-post-details-variant-classic pps-series-post-details-67899\" data-series-id=\"219\"><div class=\"pps-series-meta-content\"><div class=\"pps-series-meta-text\">\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 20 \u0645\u0646 58 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ar\/learn\/series\/denominations-compared\/\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0641<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Both Pentecostals and the AG affirm the doctrine of baptism in <a href=\"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ar\/learn\/prayers-for-the-holy-spirit\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633<\/a> as a distinct experience subsequent to salvation. This baptism is seen as an empowerment for Christian service and witness, often accompanied by spiritual gifts like speaking in tongues(Mcgee, 2003, pp. 289\u2013300). This shared belief in Spirit baptism creates a heightened expectation for divine intervention and supernatural manifestations in worship and daily life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u064a. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 (Udok, 2022). \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0642\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0647\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644 (Mcgee, 1988, pp. 427\u2013437). \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627)\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b-\u0623\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 (Senapatiratne, 2011, pp. 91\u201395).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a (Senapatiratne, 2011, pp. 91\u201395). \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0647\u0648 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 (Senapatiratne, 2011, pp. 91\u201395).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0644\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0623\u0632\u0648\u0633\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1906 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u062c. \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 (Senapatiratne, 2011, pp. 91\u201395). \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 (glossolalia)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633. \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Senapatiratne, 2011, pp. 91\u201395). \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0644\u062f\u062a \u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1914\u060c \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 300 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0648\u062a \u0633\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0632\u060c \u0623\u0631\u0643\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 (Senapatiratne, 2011, pp. 91\u201395). \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0633. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0639\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0631\u0623\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a (Senapatiratne, 2011, pp. 91\u201395). \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1918. \u0646\u0635\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 (Mcgee, 2003, pp. 289\u2013300). \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0623\u0632\u0648\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0636 (Senapatiratne, 2011, pp. 91\u201395). \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0641 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639. \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 (Mcgee, 1988, pp. 427\u2013437).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639. \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \"\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\" (Mcgee, 2003, pp. 289\u2013300).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631\u064a. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 (AG)\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d. \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0635\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 (Udok, 2022). \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 (glossolalia). \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0633 \u0641\u064a 1 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062b\u0648\u0633 14 (Mbamalu, 2015, p. 9).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647. \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 (Udok, 2022). \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0633\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0628\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0638 (Mbamalu, 2015, p. 9).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 (Mbamalu, 2015, p. 9).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0638 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0638 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a (Mogoane et al., 2023).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0636 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629. \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 (Mbamalu, 2015, p. 9).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u064a. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0638\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 (AG). \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0630\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0644 2\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 (Musoni, 2014). \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 (Mcgee, 2003, pp. 289\u2013300).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0628\u0625\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1918\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 (Mcgee, 2003, pp. 289\u2013300). \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629. \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0633\u0645\u062d \u062a. \u0628. \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 (Tongues &amp; Obeng, 2014).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0630\u0648 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0633 \u0641\u064a 1 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062b\u0648\u0633 14 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 (Mbamalu, 2015, p. 9). \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062d\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631. \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b) (Musoni, 2014).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a 1 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062b\u0648\u0633 12-14. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 (Senapatiratne, 2011, pp. 91\u201395).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u064a. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 (Senapatiratne, 2011, pp. 91\u201395).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a. \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 (Mcgee, 2003, pp. 289\u2013300).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647 (Barg\u00c3\u00a1r, 2014, pp. 48\u201367).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 (Assemblies of God) \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0643\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 (AG) \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629. \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (Chitando &amp; KudzaiBiri, 2013, pp. 34\u201350). \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0645\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0642\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 (\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a)\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u0634\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 (Vaughan, 2015).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 (Carew, 2009). \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0623\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u062c\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0624\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0632\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (AGWM) \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 (Mcgee, 1986, pp. 166\u2013170, 1988, pp. 427\u2013437).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0638\u062a \u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u0631\u0639 \u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f (Mcgee, 1988, pp. 427\u2013437). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 (Kachim, 2024, pp. 3\u201330; Onwuka, 2021).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0646\u062a \u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e \u0628\u0625\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0643\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062d \u064a\u063a\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u062c\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0621\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \"\u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0621\" \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \"\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629\". \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 (Butler, 2014). \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 (Butler, 2014).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0621. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u064a \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0630\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 (Poloma &amp; Pendleton, 1989, p. 415).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u064a \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (Poloma &amp; Pendleton, 1989, p. 415).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0634\u062c\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062d\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0636\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \"\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\" \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (Muir, 2018, pp. 165\u2013182). \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0630\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 (Burgess, 2009, pp. 255\u2013273; Daswani, 2019, pp. 323\u2013340).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0646\u0647\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u062c\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0646 (Muir, 2018, pp. 165\u2013182).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639. \u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 (Musoni, 2013; Onwuka, 2021). \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629 (Espinosa, 2014).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0646\u0647\u062c\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (Muir, 2018, pp. 165\u2013182). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0622\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0622\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 100-165 \u0645) \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0625\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0633 (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 130-202 \u0645) \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a\u0649\u060c \u0643\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0622\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (Mcgee, 1986, pp. 166\u2013170, 1988, pp. 427\u2013437).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u062d\u0645\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u064a (Poloma &amp; Pendleton, 1989, p. 415).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0623\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0622\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0631. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062f\u0639\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062d\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0635.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0622\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a. \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \"\u0645\u062e\u0645\u062f\" \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a (Resane, 2018, p. 11).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (Resane, 2018, p. 11).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0642\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 (Masenya &amp; Booyse, 2016, pp. 1\u20139).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0645 (Adamson, 2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a. \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 (Masenya &amp; Booyse, 2016, pp. 1\u20139).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632 \u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d. \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0629.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pps-series-post-details pps-series-post-details-variant-classic pps-series-post-details-67899 pps-series-meta-excerpt\" data-series-id=\"219\"><div class=\"pps-series-meta-content\"><div class=\"pps-series-meta-text\">\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 20 \u0645\u0646 58 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ar\/learn\/series\/denominations-compared\/\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0641<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647. \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9970,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"{title}\n\n{excerpt}\n\n{url}","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[39],"tags":[],"series":[219],"class_list":["post-2593","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-christian-education","series-denominations-compared"],"mb":[],"acf":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/christianpure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/pentecostalism-vs-assemblies-of-god-whats-the-difference.webp?fit=1920%2C1080&ssl=1","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":99732,"url":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ar\/learn\/from-crumbling-convent-to-catholic-art-studio-a-new-light-in-atlantic-city-new-jersey\/","url_meta":{"origin":2593,"position":0},"title":"From crumbling convent to Catholic art studio: A new light in Atlantic City, New Jersey","author":"Christian Pure Team","date":"\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 25, 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"A Catholic art studio is beginning to blossom in an unexpected place. Cappella Studio in Atlantic City, New Jersey, aspires to be a light in the darkness of the city, reaching out to those on the periphery and centering the art on the good, true, and beautiful.\u201cAtlantic City exists at\u2026","rel":"","context":"\u0641\u064a &quot;Christian News&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Christian News","link":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ar\/learn\/category\/christian-news\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"From crumbling convent to Catholic art studio: A new light in Atlantic City, New Jersey","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/christianpure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/From-crumbling-convent-to-Catholic-art-studio-A-new-light-in-Atlantic-City-New-Jersey.jpg?fit=1200%2C785&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/christianpure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/From-crumbling-convent-to-Catholic-art-studio-A-new-light-in-Atlantic-City-New-Jersey.jpg?fit=1200%2C785&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, 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2026","format":false,"excerpt":"The Maronite Church is entering a week of prayer, celebration, and preparation ahead of the beatification of Patriarch Elias Hoyek, a defining figure in both Maronite and Lebanese history.Celebrations will include the screening of the film \u201cPatriarch Elias, God Provides,\u201d a solemn beatification Mass on Saturday in Diman, the transfer\u2026","rel":"","context":"\u0641\u064a &quot;Christian News&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Christian News","link":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ar\/learn\/category\/christian-news\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":96805,"url":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ar\/learn\/pope-leo-xiv-urges-peace-and-nuclear-disarmament-in-new-book-foreword\/","url_meta":{"origin":2593,"position":2},"title":"Pope Leo XIV urges peace and nuclear disarmament in new book foreword","author":"Christian Pure Team","date":"\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 23, 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"Pope Leo XIV has written a foreword to a new book, calling for peace and the elimination of nuclear weapons.Originally published by Vatican News, the pontiff\u2019s text is part of the new book \u201cDisarmed and Disarming: Peace Is a Gift,\u201d published by the Vatican Publishing House (Libreria Editrice Vaticana) in\u2026","rel":"","context":"\u0641\u064a &quot;Christian News&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Christian News","link":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ar\/learn\/category\/christian-news\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":96806,"url":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ar\/learn\/caritas-venezuela-adds-recovery-component-to-ongoing-relief-efforts\/","url_meta":{"origin":2593,"position":3},"title":"Caritas Venezuela adds recovery component to ongoing relief efforts","author":"Christian Pure Team","date":"\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 23, 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"In the aftermath of the devastating earthquakes that struck the country, Caritas Venezuela, the social services arm of the Catholic Church in Venezuela, issued an updated bulletin in which it noted that, at this stage, \u201cthe immediate emergency begins to overlap with the first steps toward recovery.\u201d The organization continues\u2026","rel":"","context":"\u0641\u064a &quot;Christian News&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Christian News","link":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ar\/learn\/category\/christian-news\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":96832,"url":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ar\/learn\/extremists-abduct-pastors-wife-3-children-in-nigeria\/","url_meta":{"origin":2593,"position":4},"title":"Extremists Abduct Pastor\u2019s Wife, 3 Children in Nigeria","author":"Christian Pure Team","date":"\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 22, 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"Islamic terrorists, suspected to be Boko Haram or the Islamic State of West Africa Province (ISWAP), abducted the wife of a pastor and their three children on Saturday, July 18, along the Maiduguri-Damasak highway in Northeast Nigeria. The family of Pastor Moses Guguma was on its way to join him\u2026","rel":"","context":"\u0641\u064a &quot;Christian News&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Christian News","link":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ar\/learn\/category\/christian-news\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":96808,"url":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ar\/learn\/u-s-catholic-relief-services-send-first-cuba-aid-flight-under-rubio-plan\/","url_meta":{"origin":2593,"position":5},"title":"U.S., Catholic Relief Services send first Cuba aid flight under Rubio plan","author":"Christian Pure Team","date":"\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 22, 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"The United States and Catholic Relief Services (CRS) sent the first flight with humanitarian aid to Cuba under Secretary of State Marco Rubio\u2019s $100 million assistance plan.In partnership with the Catholic Church and Caritas Cuba, the kits of prepackaged food and hygiene kits for up to 700 Cuban families will\u2026","rel":"","context":"\u0641\u064a &quot;Christian News&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Christian News","link":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ar\/learn\/category\/christian-news\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"mfb_rest_fields":["title","jetpack_publicize_connections","jetpack_featured_media_url","jetpack-related-posts","jetpack_sharing_enabled"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2593","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2593"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2593\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9970"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2593"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2593"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2593"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=2593"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}