\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0630\u0647\u0628\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u062c\u0633\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a\u0627\u064b (Craig, 1985, pp. 39\u201367). \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u062d\u0646\u0627\u060c \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 (Habermas, 2001). \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u0639 \u064a\u0633\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639 (Habermas, 2001).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0630\u0648 \u0645\u063a\u0632\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0623\u0633 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0641\u0631\u062d\u0627\u064b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629. \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0643\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a (Evans, 1947). \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \"\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\" \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \"\u0641\u0635\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b\" \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639 (Evans, 1947).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0639\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0643\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0628\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u062a\u0646\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0643\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062d\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0633\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0632. \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0638\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0632\u0648\u063a \u0641\u062c\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u0642 (Habermas, 2001). \u064a\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0642\u0633 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \"\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0637\u0644\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\" \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0631 (\u0645\u0631\u0642\u0633 16: 2). \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \"\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0631\" (\u0645\u062a\u0649 28: 1)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u062d\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \"\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064d\" (\u064a\u0648\u062d\u0646\u0627 20: 1) (Craig, 1985, pp. 39\u201367).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0623\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a. \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644 (Galbraith, 2017, pp. 473\u2013491). \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0643\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0639\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0632\u0648\u063a \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629. \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0646\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0628\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0635\u064f\u0644\u0628 \u064a\u0633\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u062f\u064f\u0641\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u062a (Habermas, 2001). \u0628\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629. \u062b\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062a (Craig, 1985, pp. 39\u201367; Habermas, 2001). \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0646\u0628\u0648\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0648\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \"\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\" (\u0645\u062a\u0649 16: 21\u060c \u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627 9: 22).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f. \u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 - \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \"\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\" (1 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062b\u0648\u0633 15: 4)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0648\u0639 \"\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645\" (Craig, 1985, pp. 39\u201367). \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0639\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0631. \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u062c\u0633\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644. \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f (Craig, 1985, pp. 39\u201367; Habermas, 2001).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u064a\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \"\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0641\u062c\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\" \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0647\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0631 (\u0645\u062a\u0649 28: 1). \u064a\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0642\u0633 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \"\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0637\u0644\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\" (\u0645\u0631\u0642\u0633 16: 2). \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \"\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b\" (\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627 24: 1). \u062a\u0636\u0639 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u062d\u0646\u0627 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0631 \"\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064d\" (\u064a\u0648\u062d\u0646\u0627 20: 1) (Craig, 1985, pp. 39\u201367).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0632\u0648\u063a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f. \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0644\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629 - \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0623\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a. \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062b\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 (1 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062b\u0648\u0633 15: 4). \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0639\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629. \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0627\u0636\u064d \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629. \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0643\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u064f\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u0642 (Craig, 1985, pp. 39\u201367; Habermas, 2001). \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \"\u0632\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629\" \u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u062d\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0631 (\u0645\u062a\u0649 28: 2). \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 (Habermas, 2001).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0642\u0633\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644: \"\u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\" (\u0645\u0631\u0642\u0633 16: 9). \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0631 (Bond, 2023).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u063a\u0632\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0623\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641. \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u063a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0635\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064d \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u064a\u064a\u0646 (Bond, 2023).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0639\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0623\u062d\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062a \"\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\" \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0647 (Attard, 2023; \u201cInterpretations of Jesus\u2019 Resurrection in the Early Church,\u201d 2024). \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0628\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0636\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0641\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 (Nicklas, 2007, pp. 293\u2013312). \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062f \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640 \"\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\"\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0633\u0639\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u062d\u0646\u0627 \u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a (Wittkowsky, 2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u062d\u0638\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0623\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0643\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u201cInterpretations of Jesus\u2019 Resurrection in the Early Church,\u201d 2024; \u017barkowski, 2024).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0634 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u060c \u064a\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0628 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a. \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 - \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0642 \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u062d \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646. \u0627\u0633\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062c\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u062d \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 (computus)\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0646\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 325 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 (Ware, 2015, pp. 167\u2013184).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0630\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u062d \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0645\u0631\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 22 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u064825 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0630\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 (Ware, 2015, pp. 167\u2013184).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0623\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645. \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0642\u0628 \u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u062d\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627 - \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u062d\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0646\u0627 (Ware, 2015, pp. 167\u2013184).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 - \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u062a\u0646\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u062d\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0637\u0627\u0632\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0642\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0627. \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0648\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u064a\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0642\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0647\u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0631 \"\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0637\u0644\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\" (\u0645\u0631\u0642\u0633 16: 2). \u064a\u062c\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u064a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u062f\u064a \u062b\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0648\u0639 (Wittkowsky, 2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u0636\u0639 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0641\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639. \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062f\u062d\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b (\u0645\u062a\u0649 28: 1-6) (Wittkowsky, 2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062c\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629 (\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627 24: 1-6) (Wittkowsky, 2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u062d\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0631 \"\u0625\u0630 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u064b\" (\u064a\u0648\u062d\u0646\u0627 20: 1). \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u062d\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u064a\u0648\u062d\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0631\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 (Wittkowsky, 2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0634 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a. \u0641\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a \u0648\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645. \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 (Nicklas, 2007, pp. 293\u2013312).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0641\u064a \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d. \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0631\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062f \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u064a\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \"\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\" \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0646\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0646\u0628\u0648\u0621\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0633\u0648\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647 (\u0645\u062a\u0649 16: 21\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0642\u0633 8: 31\u060c \u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627 9: 22). \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 (\"\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\"\u060c 2024\u061b \u017barkowski\u060c 2024). \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0644 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0641\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635. \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0642 (\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 22: 4)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0646 (\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 40: 20-22)\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 (\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646 1: 17) (\"\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\"\u060c 2024). \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062b\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u064a. \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u064a\u0633\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 (\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a) \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 (\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0623\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0647) (Attard, 2023; \u017barkowski, 2024).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646. \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0646\u0647\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0631\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \"\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0642\" (\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a 3: 1-2). \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d (\u017barkowski, 2024).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f (Nicklas, 2007, pp. 293\u2013312; Wittkowsky, 2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0631. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \"\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u064b\" (\u064a\u0648\u062d\u0646\u0627 20: 1) \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0646 \"\u0628\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0631\" (\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627 24: 1). \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a (Wittkowsky, 2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645. \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0644. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 (Nicklas, 2007, pp. 293\u2013312).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u062d\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0631 \"\u0625\u0630 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u064b\" \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 (Wittkowsky, 2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0623\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f. \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0639. \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0637 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629 (Nicklas, 2007, pp. 293\u2013312).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d \u0642\u0627\u0645! \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u062f \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0636\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0623\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0636\u0628 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a. \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0646\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0648\u0639. \u0627\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0633\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3280,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false},"categories":[39],"tags":[],"series":[],"class_list":["post-3279","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-christian-education"],"mb":[],"acf":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/christianpure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/65898f8426e3dec0a36e1d14_When-Did-Jesus-Rise-From-The-Dead-Time-and-date-explained-1920.webp?fit=1920%2C1080&quality=75&ssl=1","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":18623,"url":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ar\/learn\/bible-jesus-40-days-appearances\/","url_meta":{"origin":3279,"position":0},"title":"Bible Mysteries: What Happened in Jesus’ 40 Days After Resurrection?","author":"Christian Pure Team","date":"\u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 1, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"Explore the significance of Jesus' 40-day post-resurrection appearances, their impact on disciples' faith, and teachings for today's Christians.","rel":"","context":"\u0641\u064a "Bible Mysteries"","block_context":{"text":"Bible Mysteries","link":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ar\/learn\/category\/bible-mysteries\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/christianpure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/what-happened-in-jesus-40-days-after-resurrection.webp?fit=1200%2C675&quality=75&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/christianpure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/what-happened-in-jesus-40-days-after-resurrection.webp?fit=1200%2C675&quality=75&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/christianpure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/what-happened-in-jesus-40-days-after-resurrection.webp?fit=1200%2C675&quality=75&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/christianpure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/what-happened-in-jesus-40-days-after-resurrection.webp?fit=1200%2C675&quality=75&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/christianpure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/what-happened-in-jesus-40-days-after-resurrection.webp?fit=1200%2C675&quality=75&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":30125,"url":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ar\/learn\/what-time-did-jesus-rise\/","url_meta":{"origin":3279,"position":1},"title":"What Time Did Jesus Rise From The Dead?","author":"Christian Pure Team","date":"\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 29, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"Explore when Jesus rose from the dead, as described in the Gospels, and the significance of this event for Christians.","rel":"","context":"\u0641\u064a "Christian Education"","block_context":{"text":"Christian Education","link":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ar\/learn\/category\/christian-education\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":5737,"url":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ar\/learn\/biblical-debates-where-did-jesus-go-between-his-death-and-resurrection\/","url_meta":{"origin":3279,"position":2},"title":"Biblical Debates: Where Did Jesus Go Between His Death and Resurrection?","author":"Christian Pure Team","date":"\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 21, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Discover the mystery of where Jesus went for 3 days after His death. 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