\u6700\u3082\u6839\u672c\u7684\u306a\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u306f\u300c\u5730\u9762\u300d\u3084\u300c\u5927\u5730\u300d\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u30d8\u30d6\u30e9\u30a4\u8a9e\u306e\u300c\u30a2\u30c0\u30de\u30fc\u300d\uff08\u00d7 \u00d7\u201d\u00d7\u017e\u00d7\u201d\uff09\u306b\u7531\u6765\u3057\u307e\u3059\uff08Hess, 1988; Sax, 2011, pp. 19\u201336\uff09\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8a9e\u6e90\u306f\u3001\u795e\u304c\u5730\u9762\u306e\u5875\u304b\u3089\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u3092\u5f62\u4f5c\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8056\u66f8\u306e\u5275\u9020\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3092\u53cd\u6620\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff08\u5275\u4e16\u8a182:7\uff09\u3002\u4eba\u9593\u3068\u5927\u5730\u306e\u3053\u306e\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308a\u306f\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u8b19\u865a\u306a\u8d77\u6e90\u3068\u3001\u5275\u9020\u3055\u308c\u305f\u4e16\u754c\u3068\u306e\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u306a\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308a\u3092\u601d\u3044\u51fa\u3055\u305b\u3066\u304f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u306e\u610f\u5473\u306f\u3053\u306e\u5730\u4e0a\u7684\u306a\u95a2\u9023\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u3066\u5e83\u304c\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u8a9e\u6839\u306e\u300c\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u300d\uff08\u00d7 \u00d7\u201d\u00d7 \uff09\u306f\u3001\u300c\u8d64\u300d\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u300c\u30a2\u30c9\u30e0\u300d\uff08\u00d7 \u00d7\u201d\u00d7\u2022\u00d7 \uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a00\u8449\u3068\u3082\u95a2\u9023\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff08Sax, 2011, pp. 19\u201336\uff09\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8d64\u8272\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u9023\u306f\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u808c\u306e\u8d64\u3089\u3093\u3060\u8272\u3084\u3001\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u304c\u5f62\u4f5c\u3089\u308c\u305f\u8d64\u3044\u571f\u3092\u6697\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5927\u5730\u3068\u751f\u547d\u306e\u8272\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u306e\u4e8c\u91cd\u306e\u95a2\u9023\u306f\u3001\u4eba\u985e\u3068\u81ea\u7136\u306e\u751f\u547d\u529b\u3068\u306e\u9593\u306e\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u7d71\u4e00\u6027\u3092\u793a\u5506\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u30d8\u30d6\u30e9\u30a4\u601d\u60f3\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u306f\u5168\u4eba\u985e\u3092\u8868\u3059\u96c6\u5408\u540d\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\uff08Hess, 1988\uff09\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u308a\u5e83\u3044\u89e3\u91c8\u306f\u3001\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u3068\u3044\u3046\u540d\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u5358\u306a\u308b\u500b\u4eba\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u5171\u6709\u3059\u308b\u4eba\u9593\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u30a2\u30a4\u30c7\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30c6\u30a3\u3068\u904b\u547d\u306e\u8868\u8c61\u3092\u898b\u308b\u3088\u3046\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u3092\u62db\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u5b66\u8005\u306f\u3001\u300c\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u300d\u3068\u300c\u79c1\u306f\u4f8b\u3048\u308b\u300d\u300c\u79c1\u306f\u6bd4\u8f03\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u30d8\u30d6\u30e9\u30a4\u8a9e\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u300c\u30a2\u30c0\u30de\u30fc\u300d\uff08\u00d7 \u00d7\u201d\u00d7\u017e\u00d7\u201d\uff09\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u9023\u3092\u793a\u5506\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff08Sax, 2011, pp. 19\u201336\uff09\u3002\u3053\u306e\u89e3\u91c8\u306f\u3001\u4eba\u985e\u7279\u6709\u306e\u7701\u5bdf\u3068\u6bd4\u8f03\u306e\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u3064\u307e\u308a\u5275\u9020\u7269\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u3092\u969b\u7acb\u305f\u305b\u3001\u795e\u306e\u4f3c\u59ff\u306b\u9020\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u53cd\u6620\u3059\u308b\u8cc7\u8cea\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a9e\u308b\u610f\u5473\u306e\u5c64\u3092\u52a0\u3048\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u610f\u5473\u3092\u719f\u8003\u3059\u308b\u3068\u304d\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u4eba\u9593\u6027\u306e\u8907\u96d1\u3055\u3068\u8c4a\u304b\u3055\u3092\u601d\u3044\u8d77\u3053\u3055\u305b\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u306e\u540d\u524d\u306e\u591a\u304f\u306e\u5074\u9762\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u3082\u307e\u305f\u5c64\u3092\u306a\u3059\u5b58\u5728\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5927\u5730\u304b\u3089\u5f62\u4f5c\u3089\u308c\u306a\u304c\u3089\u795e\u306e\u4f3c\u59ff\u3092\u5e2f\u3073\u3001\u500b\u3005\u306e\u30a2\u30a4\u30c7\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30c6\u30a3\u3092\u6301\u3061\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3082\u3001\u5171\u6709\u3059\u308b\u4eba\u9593\u6027\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u7d50\u3070\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u30a2\u30a4\u30c7\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30c6\u30a3\u3084\u5e30\u5c5e\u610f\u8b58\u306e\u554f\u984c\u306b\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u82e6\u3057\u3080\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u3068\u3044\u3046\u540d\u524d\u306f\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u5171\u901a\u306e\u8d77\u6e90\u3068\u5171\u6709\u3059\u308b\u904b\u547d\u3078\u3068\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u3092\u547c\u3073\u623b\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u304c\u5927\u5730\u3068\u3064\u306a\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u5275\u9020\u306e\u7ba1\u7406\u8cac\u4efb\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u8cac\u4efb\u3092\u8a8d\u8b58\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u62db\u304f\u3068\u540c\u6642\u306b\u3001\u795e\u306e\u4f3c\u59ff\u3092\u5e2f\u3073\u308b\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u72ec\u81ea\u306e\u5c0a\u53b3\u3092\u80af\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u3068\u3044\u3046\u540d\u524d\u306f\u3001\u59cb\u307e\u308a\u306e\u66f8\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5275\u4e16\u8a18\u306e\u5192\u982d\u306e\u7ae0\u3067\u3001\u521d\u3081\u3066\u8056\u66f8\u306e\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u98fe\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5275\u4e16\u8a181\u7ae026-27\u7bc0\u3067\u306f\u3001\u795e\u306e\u4f3c\u59ff\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u4eba\u985e\u306e\u5275\u9020\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8aad\u307f\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u3053\u3053\u3067\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u3068\u3044\u3046\u540d\u524d\u306f\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u306a\u610f\u5473\u3067\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u5168\u4eba\u985e\u3092\u8868\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff08Sax, 2011, pp. 19\u201336\uff09\u3002\u3053\u306e\u7528\u6cd5\u306f\u3001\u5275\u4e16\u8a182\u7ae05\u7bc0\u3067\u3082\u7d9a\u304d\u3001\u305d\u3053\u3067\u306f\u300c\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u300d\u306f\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306b\u4eba\u985e\u3092\u6307\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u300c\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u300d\u304c\u6700\u521d\u306e\u4eba\u9593\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u56fa\u6709\u540d\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3092\u521d\u3081\u3066\u898b\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3001\u5275\u4e16\u8a182\u7ae019\u7bc0\u3067\u3059\uff08Blenkinsopp, 2000\uff09\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u5168\u4eba\u985e\u306e\u8868\u8c61\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u304b\u3089\u3001\u795e\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5275\u9020\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6700\u521d\u306e\u4eba\u9593\u3067\u3042\u308b\u500b\u4eba\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u3078\u306e\u79fb\u884c\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u6642\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u3001\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u306e\u7269\u8a9e\u304c\u5c55\u958b\u3057\u3001\u30a8\u30c7\u30f3\u306e\u5712\u3067\u306e\u751f\u6d3b\u3001\u30a8\u30d0\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u4eba\u985e\u306e\u6069\u5bf5\u304b\u3089\u306e\u8ee2\u843d\u3092\u62db\u3044\u305f\u904b\u547d\u7684\u306a\u6c7a\u65ad\u304c\u8a73\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u306e\u7269\u8a9e\u306f\u5275\u4e16\u8a183\u7ae0\u30014\u7ae0\u30015\u7ae0\u3078\u3068\u7d9a\u304d\u3001\u305d\u3053\u3067\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u5f7c\u306e\u4e0d\u5f93\u9806\u3001\u30a8\u30c7\u30f3\u304b\u3089\u306e\u8ffd\u653e\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u30ab\u30a4\u30f3\u3068\u30a2\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u7236\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u5b66\u3073\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5275\u4e16\u8a185\u7ae01-5\u7bc0\u306f\u3001\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u306e\u6b7b\u6ca1\u5e74\u9f62\u3067\u3042\u308b930\u6b73\u3092\u542b\u3081\u3001\u5f7c\u306e\u4eba\u751f\u306e\u8981\u7d04\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff08Kraft, 2010, pp. 129\u2013147\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5275\u4e16\u8a18\u4ee5\u5916\u3067\u3082\u3001\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u306f\u65e7\u7d04\u8056\u66f8\u306e\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u66f8\u7269\u3067\u8a00\u53ca\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u7cfb\u56f3\u3084\u6b74\u53f2\u306e\u56de\u60f3\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u767b\u5834\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u6b74\u4ee3\u8a8c\u4e0a1\u7ae01\u7bc0\u306f\u305d\u306e\u7cfb\u56f3\u3092\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u304b\u3089\u59cb\u3081\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u5168\u4eba\u985e\u306e\u7956\u5148\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u5f7c\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u65b0\u7d04\u8056\u66f8\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u306f\u65b0\u305f\u306a\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3092\u5e2f\u3073\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7279\u306b\u4f7f\u5f92\u30d1\u30a6\u30ed\u306f\u3001\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u3068\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u9593\u306b\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u985e\u4f3c\u70b9\u3092\u63cf\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30ed\u30fc\u30de\u306e\u4fe1\u5f92\u3078\u306e\u624b\u7d195\u7ae012-21\u7bc0\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30b3\u30ea\u30f3\u30c8\u306e\u4fe1\u5f92\u3078\u306e\u624b\u7d19\u4e0015\u7ae022\u300145\u7bc0\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u30d1\u30a6\u30ed\u306f\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u3092\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u578b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u4e88\u578b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u3001\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u306e\u4e0d\u5f93\u9806\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u8d16\u3044\u306e\u696d\u3092\u5bfe\u6bd4\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff08Murray, 1977\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u30eb\u30ab\u306b\u3088\u308b\u798f\u97f3\u66f8\u306f\u3001\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306e\u7cfb\u56f3\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u3092\u542b\u3081\u3066\u304a\u308a\uff08\u30eb\u30ab3:38\uff09\u3001\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u7cfb\u8b5c\u3092\u300c\u795e\u306e\u5b50\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u300d\u307e\u3067\u9061\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5305\u542b\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u59cb\u307e\u308a\u304b\u3089\u5168\u4eba\u985e\u3092\u5305\u307f\u8fbc\u3080\u3001\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u4f7f\u547d\u306e\u666e\u904d\u7684\u306a\u7bc4\u56f2\u3092\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8056\u66f8\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u901a\u3058\u305f\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u306e\u540d\u524d\u306e\u767b\u5834\u306f\u3001\u6551\u6e08\u53f2\u306e\u7269\u8a9e\u3092\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u73fe\u5b9f\u306b\u56fa\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5275\u9020\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u304b\u3089\u7cfb\u56f3\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306b\u306f\u65b0\u7d04\u8056\u66f8\u306e\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u7701\u5bdf\u306b\u81f3\u308b\u307e\u3067\u3001\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u306f\u795e\u3068\u4eba\u985e\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u7269\u8a9e\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6975\u3081\u3066\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u4eba\u7269\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7acb\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u306b\u898b\u308c\u3070\u3001\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u3078\u306e\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u8a00\u53ca\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u3001\u7121\u57a2\u304b\u3089\u8ee2\u843d\u3078\u3001\u758e\u5916\u304b\u3089\u8d16\u3044\u3078\u3068\u81f3\u308b\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u65c5\u306e\u53cd\u6620\u3092\u898b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u8056\u66f8\u306e\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u306f\u5358\u306a\u308b\u9060\u3044\u6b74\u53f2\u4e0a\u306e\u4eba\u7269\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u5171\u6709\u3059\u308b\u4eba\u9593\u7d4c\u9a13\u306e\u8868\u8c61\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8056\u66f8\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u901a\u3058\u305f\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u306e\u540d\u524d\u306e\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u767b\u5834\u3092\u719f\u8003\u3059\u308b\u4e2d\u3067\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u81ea\u5206\u81ea\u8eab\u3092\u3053\u306e\u58ee\u5927\u306a\u7269\u8a9e\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u898b\u308b\u3088\u3046\u62db\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u305f\u3061\u306e\u8d77\u6e90\u3001\u8ee2\u843d\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u63d0\u4f9b\u3055\u308c\u308b\u8d16\u3044\u306e\u5e0c\u671b\u3092\u601d\u3044\u51fa\u3055\u305b\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3089\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u7b87\u6240\u3092\u5358\u306a\u308b\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u795e\u306e\u7d99\u7d9a\u7684\u306a\u5275\u9020\u3068\u8d16\u3044\u306e\u696d\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u5834\u6240\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u62db\u5f85\u72b6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8aad\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5927\u5730\u3084\u5730\u9762\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u300c\u30a2\u30c0\u30de\u30fc\u300d\u306b\u7531\u6765\u3059\u308b\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u306e\u540d\u524d\u306f\u3001\u4eba\u985e\u3068\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u304c\u5f62\u4f5c\u3089\u308c\u305f\u5927\u5730\u3068\u306e\u89aa\u5bc6\u306a\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308a\u3092\u7269\u8a9e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff08Hess, 1988; Sax, 2011, pp. 19\u201336\uff09\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8a9e\u6e90\u7684\u306a\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u304d\u306f\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u8b19\u865a\u306a\u8d77\u6e90\u3068\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u5275\u9020\u7269\u3068\u306e\u6839\u672c\u7684\u306a\u7d71\u4e00\u6027\u3092\u601d\u3044\u51fa\u3055\u305b\u3066\u304f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5927\u5730\u3068\u306e\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308a\u306f\u3001\u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u3092\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u60a9\u307e\u305b\u308b\u758e\u5916\u611f\u306b\u5bfe\u6297\u3057\u3001\u5730\u306b\u8db3\u306e\u3064\u3044\u305f\u611f\u899a\u3068\u5e30\u5c5e\u610f\u8b58\u3092\u80b2\u3080\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5275\u9020\u306e\u7269\u8a9e\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u300c\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u300d\u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u306f\u3001\u6700\u521d\u306e\u500b\u3005\u306e\u4eba\u9593\u3068\u4eba\u985e\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u3092\u6307\u3059\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8c\u91cd\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff08Sax, 2011, pp. 19\u201336\uff09\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u7684\u306a\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30f3\u30b9\u306f\u3001\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u5358\u306a\u308b\u6b74\u53f2\u4e0a\u306e\u4eba\u7269\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u5171\u6709\u3059\u308b\u4eba\u9593\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u30a2\u30a4\u30c7\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30c6\u30a3\u306e\u8868\u8c61\u3092\u898b\u308b\u3088\u3046\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u3092\u62db\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u306e\u7269\u8a9e\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u81ea\u5206\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u7269\u8a9e\u3001\u3064\u307e\u308a\u5049\u5927\u3055\u3068\u904e\u3061\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u53cd\u6620\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3092\u898b\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u795e\u306b\u3088\u308b\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u306e\u547d\u540d\u3082\u307e\u305f\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5275\u4e16\u8a185\u7ae02\u7bc0\u306b\u306f\u3001\u300c\u795e\u306f\u5f7c\u3089\u3092\u7537\u3068\u5973\u306b\u5275\u9020\u3057\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u3092\u795d\u798f\u3057\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u304c\u5275\u9020\u3055\u308c\u305f\u65e5\u306b\u5f7c\u3089\u3092\u300e\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u300f\u3068\u540d\u4ed8\u3051\u3089\u308c\u305f\u300d\u3068\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u795e\u306b\u3088\u308b\u547d\u540d\u306e\u884c\u70ba\u306f\u3001\u4eba\u985e\u3068\u5275\u9020\u4e3b\u3068\u306e\u7279\u5225\u306a\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u89aa\u304c\u5b50\u4f9b\u306b\u540d\u524d\u3092\u4ed8\u3051\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u795e\u306f\u3054\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u4eba\u9593\u3068\u3044\u3046\u88ab\u9020\u7269\u306b\u540d\u524d\u3092\u4ed8\u3051\u3001\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u3067\u89aa\u5bc6\u306a\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308a\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u304c\u52d5\u7269\u306b\u540d\u524d\u3092\u4ed8\u3051\u305f\u5f79\u5272\uff08\u5275\u4e16\u8a182:19-20\uff09\u306f\u3001\u4eba\u985e\u306b\u6388\u3051\u3089\u308c\u305f\u5275\u9020\u7684\u304b\u3064\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u306a\u80fd\u529b\u3092\u53cd\u6620\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff08Sasson, 2015, p. 298\uff09\u3002\u3053\u306e\u547d\u540d\u306e\u884c\u70ba\u306f\u3001\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u306e\u3001\u3072\u3044\u3066\u306f\u4eba\u985e\u306e\u3001\u7269\u4e8b\u306e\u672c\u8cea\u3092\u8a8d\u8b58\u3057\u3001\u5206\u985e\u3057\u3001\u8868\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u795e\u304b\u3089\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u80fd\u529b\u3092\u5b9f\u8a3c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u5468\u308a\u306e\u4e16\u754c\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u3001\u4e16\u8a71\u3092\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u53ec\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3001\u5275\u9020\u306e\u7ba1\u7406\u8cac\u4efb\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5275\u9020\u306e\u7269\u8a9e\u306f\u307e\u305f\u3001\u795e\u306e\u4f3c\u59ff\u3092\u5e2f\u3073\u308b\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u5168\u4eba\u985e\u306e\u30e6\u30cb\u30fc\u30af\u306a\u7acb\u5834\u3092\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u306f\u5927\u5730\u304b\u3089\u5f62\u4f5c\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u540c\u6642\u306b\u795e\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u606f\u3092\u5439\u304d\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\u3001\u795e\u306e\u547d\u306e\u606f\u5439\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff08\u5275\u4e16\u8a182:7\uff09\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5730\u4e0a\u7684\u304b\u3064\u795e\u7684\u306a\u4e8c\u91cd\u306e\u6027\u8cea\u306f\u3001\u5927\u5730\u3068\u5275\u9020\u4e3b\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u3068\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u3092\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u3051\u308b\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u3068\u3044\u3046\u540d\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u8981\u7d04\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u306b\u3001\u5275\u9020\u306e\u7269\u8a9e\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u306e\u540d\u524d\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u306f\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u304c\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u30a2\u30a4\u30c7\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30c6\u30a3\u3068\u76ee\u7684\u3092\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u304b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u610f\u5473\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u304c\u5076\u7136\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u610f\u56f3\u7684\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6700\u521d\u304b\u3089\u795e\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u540d\u4ed8\u3051\u3089\u308c\u3001\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u5506\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u306b\u3001\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u306e\u5275\u9020\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u306f\u3001\u30a2\u30a4\u30c7\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30c6\u30a3\u3068\u5e30\u5c5e\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u6839\u6df1\u3044\u6b32\u6c42\u306b\u8a9e\u308a\u304b\u3051\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u306e\u547d\u540d\u3068\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u306e\u5f7c\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5275\u9020\u7269\u306e\u547d\u540d\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u3001\u8a00\u8a9e\u3068\u95a2\u4fc2\u6027\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u81ea\u5df1\u3068\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u7406\u89e3\u3092\u5f62\u4f5c\u308b\u304b\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u898b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u306e\u540d\u524d\u304c\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u8d77\u6e90\u3068\u53ec\u547d\u3092\u5e38\u306b\u601d\u3044\u51fa\u3055\u305b\u3066\u304f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3002\u305d\u308c\u304c\u3001\u547d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8d08\u308a\u7269\u3001\u5275\u9020\u306e\u7f8e\u3057\u3055\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u3092\u540d\u524d\u3067\u547c\u3093\u3067\u304f\u3060\u3055\u308b\u5275\u9020\u4e3b\u306e\u529b\u5f37\u3044\u611b\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u65b0\u305f\u306a\u611f\u8b1d\u306e\u5ff5\u3092\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u547c\u3073\u8d77\u3053\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5927\u5730\u3084\u5730\u9762\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u30d8\u30d6\u30e9\u30a4\u8a9e\u306e\u300c\u30a2\u30c0\u30de\u30fc\u300d\u306b\u7531\u6765\u3059\u308b\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u306e\u540d\u524d\u306f\u3001\u5168\u4eba\u985e\u306e\u7956\u5148\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u5f7c\u306e\u6839\u672c\u7684\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u7269\u8a9e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff08Hess, 1988; Sax, 2011, pp. 19\u201336\uff09\u3002\u5927\u5730\u306e\u5875\u304b\u3089\u5f62\u4f5c\u3089\u308c\u305f\u6700\u521d\u306e\u4eba\u9593\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u306f\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u5171\u6709\u3059\u308b\u8d77\u6e90\u3068\u3001\u5275\u9020\u3055\u308c\u305f\u4e16\u754c\u3068\u306e\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u306a\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308a\u3092\u8868\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5f7c\u306e\u540d\u524d\u306e\u3053\u306e\u5074\u9762\u306f\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u304c\u6765\u305f\u5927\u5730\u3092\u4e16\u8a71\u3057\u3066\u8015\u3059\u3088\u3046\u53ec\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3001\u5275\u9020\u306e\u7ba1\u7406\u8cac\u4efb\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u8cac\u4efb\u3092\u601d\u3044\u51fa\u3055\u305b\u3066\u304f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u300c\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u300d\u306e\u4e8c\u91cd\u306e\u610f\u5473\uff082011, pp. 19\u201336\uff09\u3002\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u5358\u306a\u308b\u4e00\u4eba\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u4e0a\u306e\u4eba\u7269\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u5171\u6709\u3059\u308b\u4eba\u9593\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u30a2\u30a4\u30c7\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30c6\u30a3\u3068\u904b\u547d\u306e\u8c61\u5fb4\u3092\u898b\u307e\u3059\u3002\u8056\u66f8\u306e\u7269\u8a9e\u3067\u8a9e\u3089\u308c\u308b\u5f7c\u306e\u884c\u52d5\u3068\u9078\u629e\u306f\u3001\u5168\u4eba\u985e\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u53ca\u307c\u3057\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u5b58\u5728\u306e\u76f8\u4e92\u63a5\u7d9a\u6027\u3092\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5275\u9020\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u306f\u307e\u305f\u3001\u795e\u306e\u795e\u8056\u306a\u606f\u5439\u306e\u6700\u521d\u306e\u53d7\u9818\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u3057\u3001\u5f7c\u306b\u795e\u306e\u4f3c\u59ff\u3092\u5439\u304d\u8fbc\u3093\u3067\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff08\u5275\u4e16\u8a182:7\uff09\u3002\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u306e\u30a2\u30a4\u30c7\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30c6\u30a3\u306e\u3053\u306e\u5074\u9762\u306f\u3001\u5f7c\u306e\u540d\u524d\u306b\u53cd\u6620\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u4eba\u9593\u304c\u6301\u3064\u30e6\u30cb\u30fc\u30af\u306a\u5c0a\u53b3\u3068\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a9e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u795e\u306e\u4f3c\u59ff\u3092\u5e2f\u3073\u308b\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u4e92\u3044\u3068\u306e\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u5468\u308a\u306e\u4e16\u754c\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u308f\u308a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u795e\u306e\u5275\u9020\u7684\u304b\u3064\u95a2\u4fc2\u7684\u306a\u6027\u8cea\u3092\u53cd\u6620\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u53ec\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u304c\u52d5\u7269\u306b\u540d\u524d\u3092\u4ed8\u3051\u305f\u5f79\u5272\uff08\u5275\u4e16\u8a182:19-20\uff09\u306f\u3001\u5f7c\u306e\u540d\u524d\u3092\u4eba\u985e\u306e\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u304b\u3064\u5275\u9020\u7684\u306a\u80fd\u529b\u3068\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u3051\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff08Sasson, 2015, p. 298\uff09\u3002\u3053\u306e\u547d\u540d\u306e\u884c\u70ba\u306f\u3001\u7269\u4e8b\u306e\u672c\u8cea\u3092\u8a8d\u8b58\u3057\u3001\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u3001\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u8868\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u80fd\u529b\u3092\u5b9f\u8a3c\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306f\u5275\u9020\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u3067\u81ea\u5df1\u8a8d\u8b58\u3092\u6301\u3064\u5b58\u5728\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u5074\u9762\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u306b\u3001\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u306e\u540d\u524d\u3068\u5f79\u5272\u306f\u3001\u30a2\u30a4\u30c7\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30c6\u30a3\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u3001\u5e30\u5c5e\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u6839\u6df1\u3044\u6b32\u6c42\u306b\u8a9e\u308a\u304b\u3051\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3068\u8106\u5f31\u6027\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u898b\u3001\u5049\u5927\u3055\u3068\u904e\u3061\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u601d\u3044\u51fa\u3055\u305b\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5f7c\u306e\u7269\u8a9e\u306f\u3001\u795e\u3068\u306e\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u4e92\u3044\u3068\u306e\u30a2\u30a4\u30c7\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30c6\u30a3\u3001\u8cac\u4efb\u3001\u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6839\u672c\u7684\u306a\u554f\u3044\u306b\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u3080\u3088\u3046\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u3092\u62db\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u306b\u3001\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4eba\u7269\u306f\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3084\u4e16\u4ee3\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u3066\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u81ea\u5df1\u7406\u89e3\u3092\u5f62\u4f5c\u308b\u4e0a\u3067\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3057\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u306e\u540d\u524d\u3068\u7269\u8a9e\u306f\u89e3\u91c8\u3055\u308c\u3001\u518d\u89e3\u91c8\u3055\u308c\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u6027\u3001\u7f6a\u3001\u8d16\u3044\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u7701\u5bdf\u306e\u8a66\u91d1\u77f3\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u65b0\u7d04\u8056\u66f8\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u3068\u306e\u6bd4\u8f03\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u304c\u3055\u3089\u306b\u8a73\u3057\u304f\u8aac\u660e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3092\u898b\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7279\u306b\u4f7f\u5f92\u30d1\u30a6\u30ed\u306f\u3001\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u3092\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u578b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u4e88\u578b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u3001\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u306e\u4e0d\u5f93\u9806\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u8d16\u3044\u306e\u696d\u3092\u5bfe\u6bd4\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff08\u30ed\u30fc\u30de\u306e\u4fe1\u5f92\u3078\u306e\u624b\u7d195\u7ae012-21\u7bc0\u3001\u30b3\u30ea\u30f3\u30c8\u306e\u4fe1\u5f92\u3078\u306e\u624b\u7d19\u4e0015\u7ae022\u300145\u7bc0\uff09\uff08Murray, 1977\uff09\u3002\u3053\u306e\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u8996\u70b9\u306f\u3001\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u3092\u5358\u306a\u308b\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u5815\u843d\u306e\u8d77\u6e90\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4eba\u985e\u306e\u7a76\u6975\u306e\u8d16\u3044\u306e\u5148\u99c6\u3051\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3082\u898b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u5f7c\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u7406\u89e3\u3092\u5e83\u3052\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u30d8\u30d6\u30e9\u30a4\u8a9e\u8056\u66f8\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u300c\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u300d\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u306a\u7528\u6cd5\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u306f\u3001\u300c\u4eba\u985e\u300d\u3084\u300c\u4eba\u9593\u300d\u3092\u6307\u3059\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u7528\u8a9e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3067\u3059\uff08Sax, 2011, pp. 19\u201336\uff09\u3002\u3053\u306e\u7528\u8a9e\u306e\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u306a\u4f7f\u7528\u306f\u3001\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u304c\u500b\u4eba\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7d39\u4ecb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u524d\u306b\u3082\u73fe\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u5275\u4e16\u8a181\u7ae026-27\u7bc0\u3067\u306f\u3001\u300c\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u300d\u306f\u795e\u306e\u4f3c\u59ff\u306b\u5275\u9020\u3055\u308c\u305f\u4eba\u985e\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u6307\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u7528\u6cd5\u306f\u3001\u500b\u3005\u306e\u9055\u3044\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u305f\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u5171\u6709\u3059\u308b\u30a2\u30a4\u30c7\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30c6\u30a3\u3068\u5171\u901a\u306e\u8d77\u6e90\u3092\u601d\u3044\u51fa\u3055\u305b\u3066\u304f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8208\u5473\u6df1\u3044\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3001\u300c\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7528\u8a9e\u306f\u30d8\u30d6\u30e9\u30a4\u8a9e\u8056\u66f8\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u300c\u5973\u300d\u3068\u5bfe\u6bd4\u3055\u308c\u308b\u300c\u7537\u300d\u3092\u6307\u3059\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3082\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff08Hess, 1988\uff09\u3002\u3053\u306e\u7528\u8a9e\u306e\u6027\u5225\u306b\u3088\u308b\u4f7f\u7528\u306f\u3001\u610f\u5473\u306e\u5225\u306e\u5c64\u3092\u52a0\u3048\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u6027\u7684\u5206\u5316\u3068\u88dc\u5b8c\u6027\u306e\u6027\u8cea\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u7701\u5bdf\u3092\u4fc3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u3053\u306e\u7528\u6cd5\u3092\u3001\u6027\u5225\u306b\u95a2\u4fc2\u306a\u304f\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u4eba\u306e\u5e73\u7b49\u306a\u5c0a\u53b3\u3092\u80af\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3001\u3088\u308a\u5e83\u3044\u8056\u66f8\u306e\u6587\u8108\u306b\u7167\u3089\u3057\u3066\u89e3\u91c8\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6587\u8108\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u306f\u3001\u300c\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u300d\u306f\u795e\u306e\u529b\u3084\u6c38\u9060\u6027\u3068\u5bfe\u6bd4\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u8106\u3055\u3084\u6b7b\u3059\u3079\u304d\u904b\u547d\u3092\u5f37\u8abf\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u8a69\u7de88\u7de84\u7bc0\u306f\u3001\u300c\u4eba\u9593\uff08\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\uff09\u3068\u306f\u4f55\u8005\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3001\u3042\u306a\u305f\u304c\u5fc3\u306b\u7559\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3068\u306f\u300d\u3068\u554f\u3044\u304b\u3051\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u7528\u6cd5\u306f\u3001\u5875\u304b\u3089\u5f62\u4f5c\u3089\u308c\u306a\u304c\u3089\u795e\u306e\u4f3c\u59ff\u3092\u5e2f\u3073\u3001\u6b7b\u3059\u3079\u304d\u904b\u547d\u306b\u3042\u308a\u306a\u304c\u3089\u795e\u3068\u306e\u6c38\u9060\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u53ec\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u5b58\u5728\u306e\u9006\u8aac\u7684\u306a\u6027\u8cea\u3092\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u3068\u3044\u3046\u540d\u524d\u306f\u3001\u9810\u8a00\u66f8\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u8c61\u5fb4\u7684\u306a\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3092\u5e2f\u3073\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u30db\u30bb\u30a2\u66f86\u7ae07\u7bc0\u306b\u306f\u3001\u300c\u3057\u304b\u3057\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5951\u7d04\u3092\u7834\u3063\u305f\u300d\u3068\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u3053\u3067\u3001\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u306f\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u4e0d\u5f93\u9806\u3068\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u8c61\u5fb4\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u6212\u3081\u306e\u4f8b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u65b0\u7d04\u8056\u66f8\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u524d\u8ff0\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u306f\u7279\u306b\u30d1\u30a6\u30ed\u306e\u8457\u4f5c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u578b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u4eba\u7269\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30ed\u30fc\u30de\u306e\u4fe1\u5f92\u3078\u306e\u624b\u7d195\u7ae0\u3068\u30b3\u30ea\u30f3\u30c8\u306e\u4fe1\u5f92\u3078\u306e\u624b\u7d19\u4e0015\u7ae0\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u306f\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u3001\u300c\u6700\u5f8c\u306e\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u300d\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u300c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u4eba\u9593\u300d\u306e\u5bfe\u6bd4\u3068\u3057\u3066\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff08Murray, 1977\uff09\u3002\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u306e\u540d\u524d\u306e\u3053\u306e\u985e\u578b\u7684\u306a\u4f7f\u7528\u306f\u3001\u6700\u521d\u306e\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u5c0e\u5165\u3055\u308c\u305f\u7f6a\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u3068\u3001\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6075\u307f\u3068\u7fa9\u3092\u5bfe\u6bd4\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u6551\u6e08\u53f2\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u7406\u89e3\u306b\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u6df1\u307f\u3092\u52a0\u3048\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u306b\u3001\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u306e\u540d\u524d\u306e\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u591a\u69d8\u306a\u7528\u6cd5\u306f\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u81ea\u5df1\u7406\u89e3\u306e\u8907\u96d1\u3055\u3092\u53cd\u6620\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u500b\u4eba\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u540c\u6642\u306b\u96c6\u56e3\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5c0a\u53b3\u3092\u5e2f\u3073\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3082\u8106\u3055\u306b\u9665\u308a\u3084\u3059\u304f\u3001\u5f93\u9806\u3068\u4e0d\u5f93\u9806\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u306e\u8907\u6570\u306e\u610f\u5473\u306f\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u6027\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u5358\u7d14\u306a\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u8907\u96d1\u3055\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u3092\u62db\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u306b\u3001\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u306e\u540d\u524d\u306e\u591a\u69d8\u306a\u9069\u7528\u306f\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u6027\u3001\u7f6a\u3001\u8d16\u3044\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8c4a\u304b\u306a\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u304a\u3088\u3073\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u8b70\u8ad6\u306b\u8ca2\u732e\u3057\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u5bfe\u8a71\u306f\u3001\u795e\u3001\u4e92\u3044\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u5275\u9020\u3055\u308c\u305f\u4e16\u754c\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306e\u610f\u5473\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u7406\u89e3\u3092\u5f62\u4f5c\u308a\u7d9a\u3051\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u6559\u795e\u79d8\u4e3b\u7fa9\u306e\u4f1d\u7d71\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u306f\u300c\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u30fb\u30ab\u30c9\u30e2\u30f3\u300d\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u300c\u539f\u521d\u306e\u4eba\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6982\u5ff5\u3068\u95a2\u9023\u4ed8\u3051\u3089\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u5275\u9020\u306e\u904e\u7a0b\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u795e\u306e\u5149\u306e\u6700\u521d\u306e\u6d41\u51fa\u3092\u8868\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff08Sasson, 2015, p. 298\uff09\u3002\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306b\u8056\u66f8\u7684\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001\u3053\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u306f\u3001\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4eba\u7269\u304c\u3001\u6587\u5b57\u901a\u308a\u306e\u8056\u66f8\u306e\u7269\u8a9e\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u3066\u3001\u3044\u304b\u306b\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u970a\u7684\u304b\u3064\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u7701\u5bdf\u3092\u523a\u6fc0\u3057\u3066\u304d\u305f\u304b\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u3068\u3044\u3046\u540d\u524d\u306e\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u610f\u5473\u3068\u7528\u6cd5\u3092\u719f\u8003\u3059\u308b\u4e2d\u3067\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u8056\u66f8\u306e\u8a00\u8449\u306e\u8c4a\u304b\u3055\u3068\u6df1\u3055\u3092\u601d\u3044\u51fa\u3055\u305b\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u7528\u6cd5\u304c\u3001\u795e\u306e\u5275\u9020\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u5834\u6240\u3068\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u53ec\u547d\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u9053\u3092\u958b\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3089\u3001\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u3068\u3044\u3046\u540d\u524d\u3092\u5358\u7d14\u306a\u30e9\u30d9\u30eb\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u4eba\u9593\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u30a2\u30a4\u30c7\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30c6\u30a3\u3068\u7d4c\u9a13\u306e\u5c64\u3092\u306a\u3059\u8c61\u5fb4\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6349\u3048\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u305d\u308c\u304c\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u6027\u8cea\u306e\u8907\u96d1\u3055\u3001\u4eba\u985e\u5bb6\u65cf\u306e\u666e\u904d\u6027\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u4eba\u751f\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u795e\u306e\u6075\u307f\u306e\u5909\u9769\u7684\u306a\u529b\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u3001\u3088\u308a\u6df1\u3044\u611f\u8b1d\u306e\u5ff5\u3092\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u547c\u3073\u8d77\u3053\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u610f\u5473\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u81ea\u5206\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u7269\u8a9e\u3001\u3064\u307e\u308a\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u8d77\u6e90\u3001\u82e6\u95d8\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u8d16\u3044\u3078\u306e\u5e0c\u671b\u306e\u3053\u3060\u307e\u3092\u898b\u3064\u3051\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u3068\u3044\u3046\u540d\u524d\u304c\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306b\u8a9e\u308a\u7d9a\u3051\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u4eba\u9593\u6027\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u795e\u306e\u4f3c\u59ff\u3092\u5e2f\u3073\u308b\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u53ec\u547d\u3092\u751f\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u3092\u596e\u3044\u7acb\u305f\u305b\u3066\u304f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6559\u7236\u305f\u3061\u3001\u3064\u307e\u308a\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u306e\u521d\u671f\u306e\u6570\u4e16\u7d00\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u4fe1\u4ef0\u306e\u7406\u89e3\u3092\u5f62\u4f5c\u308b\u306e\u3092\u52a9\u3051\u305f\u8ce2\u660e\u3067\u8056\u306a\u308b\u4eba\u3005\u306f\u3001\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4eba\u7269\u3068\u5f7c\u306e\u540d\u524d\u306e\u610f\u5473\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u6df1\u304f\u7701\u5bdf\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u6700\u521d\u306e\u4eba\u9593\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5168\u4eba\u985e\u306e\u8c61\u5fb4\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u4e88\u578b\u3092\u898b\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u591a\u304f\u306e\u6559\u7236\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u30d8\u30d6\u30e9\u30a4\u8a9e\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u306e\u540d\u524d\u306e\u8a9e\u6e90\u7684\u306a\u610f\u5473\u3092\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u300c\u5730\u9762\u300d\u3084\u300c\u5927\u5730\u300d\uff08\u30a2\u30c0\u30de\u30fc\uff09\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u8a00\u8449\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u8056\u30a2\u30a6\u30b0\u30b9\u30c6\u30a3\u30cc\u30b9\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5049\u5927\u306a\u8457\u4f5c\u300e\u795e\u306e\u56fd\u300f\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u300c\u3055\u3066\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u30ae\u30ea\u30b7\u30e3\u8a9e\u306f\u30a2\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30dd\u30b9\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u5358\u4e00\u306e\u30e9\u30c6\u30f3\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u8aac\u660e\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u8a00\u8449\u3001\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u300e\u4e0a\u300f\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u30a2\u30ca\u3068\u3001\u300e\u5411\u304f\u300f\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u30c8\u30ec\u30dd\u304b\u3089\u69cb\u6210\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u4eba\u9593\u306f\u4e0a\u3092\u5411\u304f\u305f\u3081\u306b\u305d\u3046\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u30e9\u30c6\u30f3\u8a9e\u306e\u30db\u30e2\uff08\u4eba\u9593\uff09\u306f\u5168\u304f\u7570\u306a\u308b\u8a9e\u6e90\u3092\u6301\u3064\u304c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u300e\u5730\u9762\u304b\u3089\u300f\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3057\u3001\u305d\u3053\u304b\u3089\u30d5\u30e0\u30b9\uff08\u5730\u9762\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a00\u8449\u304c\u751f\u307e\u308c\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u300d\uff08Russell, 1987\uff09<\/p>\n
\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u306e\u540d\u524d\u3068\u5f7c\u304c\u5f62\u4f5c\u3089\u308c\u305f\u5927\u5730\u3068\u306e\u3053\u306e\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308a\u306f\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u6559\u7236\u305f\u3061\u306b\u3001\u4eba\u985e\u306e\u4e8c\u91cd\u306e\u6027\u8cea\u3001\u3064\u307e\u308a\u5927\u5730\u306e\u5875\u304b\u3089\u5f62\u4f5c\u3089\u308c\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3082\u3001\u795e\u306e\u4f3c\u59ff\u3092\u5e2f\u3073\u3001\u4e0a\u3092\u5411\u304f\u3088\u3046\u53ec\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6027\u8cea\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u7701\u5bdf\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u5c0e\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u8056\u30a4\u30ec\u30ca\u30a8\u30a6\u30b9\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u8457\u4f5c\u300e\u7570\u7aef\u53cd\u99c1\u300f\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3053\u306e\u30c6\u30fc\u30de\u3092\u5c55\u958b\u3057\u3001\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u3001\u5815\u843d\u3068\u8d16\u3044\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u5168\u4eba\u985e\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u306e\u8868\u8c61\u3092\u898b\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6559\u7236\u4eec\u8fd8\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e9a\u5f53\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4eb2\u81ea\u547d\u540d\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u5723\u91d1\u53e3\u82e5\u671b\u5728\u300a\u521b\u4e16\u8bb0\u8bb2\u9053\u96c6\u300b\u4e2d\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5173\u6000\u4ee5\u53ca\u7942\u6e34\u671b\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u5efa\u7acb\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8bb8\u591a\u6559\u7236\u5728\u4e9a\u5f53\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u9884\u8a00\u7684\u6210\u5206\u3002\u5723\u6770\u7f57\u59c6\u5728\u300a\u521b\u4e16\u8bb0\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u8bed\u95ee\u9898\u300b\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e9a\u5f53\uff08Adam\uff09\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\u4e2d\u56db\u4e2a\u65b9\u4f4d\uff08anatole\u3001dysis\u3001arktos\u3001mesembria\uff09\u7684\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u4e9a\u5f53\u7684\u540e\u88d4\u5c06\u904d\u5e03\u5168\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e5f\u8bb8\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6559\u7236\u4eec\u59cb\u7ec8\u5c06\u4e9a\u5f53\u89c6\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u9884\u8868\u6216\u539f\u578b\u3002\u5723\u4fdd\u7f57\u5728\u300a\u54e5\u6797\u591a\u524d\u4e66\u300b15:45\u4e2d\u5c06\u57fa\u7763\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u201c\u672b\u540e\u7684\u4e9a\u5f53\u201d\uff0c\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u5723\u4f9d\u52d2\u5185\u518d\u6b21\u5728\u300a\u9a73\u5f02\u7aef\u300b\u4e2d\u6df1\u5165\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5c06\u4e9a\u5f53\u548c\u57fa\u7763\u89c6\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4e24\u6781\u2014\u2014\u5815\u843d\u4e0e\u6551\u8d4e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53cd\u601d\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u6559\u7236\u4eec\u7814\u8bfb\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u548c\u4e30\u5bcc\u6027\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u7684\u4e9a\u5f53\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u6027\u3001\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee5\u53ca\u521b\u9020\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u6709\u529b\u795e\u5b66\u9648\u8ff0\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u50cf\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6000\u7740\u656c\u754f\u548c\u60ca\u5947\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u7814\u8bfb\u5723\u7ecf\uff0c\u59cb\u7ec8\u5bfb\u6c42\u53d1\u6398\u90a3\u4e9b\u80fd\u591f\u6ecb\u517b\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3001\u52a0\u6df1\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u548c\u90bb\u4eba\u7231\u7684\u66f4\u6df1\u5c42\u542b\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n
\u65b0\u7ea6\u4e2d\u4e9a\u5f53\u4e0e\u8036\u7a23\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5965\u79d8\uff0c\u89e6\u53ca\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8054\u7cfb\u7531\u5723\u4fdd\u7f57\u7cbe\u8f9f\u5730\u9610\u8ff0\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u540e\u6765\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f20\u7edf\u52a0\u4ee5\u8be6\u8ff0\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6551\u8d4e\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u5e7f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u65b0\u7ea6\u4e2d\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u5723\u4fdd\u7f57\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e9a\u5f53\u4e0e\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4fdd\u7f57\u79f0\u8036\u7a23\u4e3a\u201c\u672b\u540e\u7684\u4e9a\u5f53\u201d\uff08\u54e5\u6797\u591a\u524d\u4e66 15:45\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e73\u884c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u6587\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4ece\u521b\u9020\u5230\u6551\u8d4e\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\u3002\uff08Bowen, 2017\uff09<\/p>\n
\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\uff0c\u4e9a\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u4e0e\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u8bed\u4e2d\u201c\u571f\u5730\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5730\u9762\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u6709\u5173\u3002\u4e9a\u5f53\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c18\u4e16\u8d77\u6e90\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u5929\u4e0a\u8d77\u6e90\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4fdd\u7f57\u5728\u300a\u54e5\u6797\u591a\u524d\u4e66\u300b15:47\u4e2d\u6240\u5199\uff1a\u201c\u5934\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u5730\uff0c\u4e43\u5c5e\u571f\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u4eba\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u5929\u3002\u201d\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u7f8e\u4e3d\u7684\u5bf9\u79f0\u2014\u2014\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e9a\u5f53\u7531\u5c18\u571f\u9020\u6210\uff0c\u672b\u540e\u7684\u4e9a\u5f53\u4ece\u5929\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u4ee5\u6551\u8d4e\u90a3\u7247\u571f\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e9a\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u4eba\u201d\u6216\u201c\u4eba\u7c7b\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u4e0e\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u5728\u4eba\u6027\u4e2d\uff0c\u8036\u7a23\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u65b0\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u65b0\u7684\u5143\u9996\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e9a\u5f53\u5931\u8d25\u4e86\uff0c\u5c06\u7f6a\u548c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u5e26\u5165\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\uff1b\u800c\u672b\u540e\u7684\u4e9a\u5f53\uff0c\u5373\u57fa\u7763\uff0c\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u516c\u4e49\u548c\u751f\u547d\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4fdd\u7f57\u5728\u300a\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e66\u300b5:18-19\u4e2d\u6240\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u6b64\u8bf4\u6765\uff0c\u56e0\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u8fc7\u72af\uff0c\u4f17\u4eba\u90fd\u88ab\u5b9a\u7f6a\uff1b\u7167\u6837\uff0c\u56e0\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u4e49\u884c\uff0c\u4f17\u4eba\u4e5f\u5c31\u88ab\u79f0\u4e49\u5f97\u751f\u547d\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u4e00\u4eba\u7684\u6096\u9006\uff0c\u4f17\u4eba\u6210\u4e3a\u7f6a\u4eba\uff1b\u7167\u6837\uff0c\u56e0\u4e00\u4eba\u7684\u987a\u4ece\uff0c\u4f17\u4eba\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e49\u4e86\u3002\u201d\uff08Kreitzer, 1989, pp. 278\u2013284\uff09<\/p>\n
\u4e9a\u5f53\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5e73\u884c\u751a\u81f3\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002\u4e9a\u5f53\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u76f4\u63a5\u521b\u9020\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u7531\u4eba\u7c7b\u7236\u6bcd\u6240\u751f\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u8036\u7a23\u5728\u4eba\u6027\u4e0a\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u5723\u7075\u611f\u5b55\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u901a\u8fc7\u666e\u901a\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u7e41\u884d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e73\u884c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u4e9a\u5f53\u548c\u57fa\u7763\u5728\u6551\u8d4e\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u5404\u81ea\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8bb8\u591a\u6559\u7236\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e9a\u5f53\u6c89\u7761\u5e76\u9020\u51fa\u590f\u5a03\uff0c\u9884\u793a\u4e86\u57fa\u7763\u5728\u5341\u5b57\u67b6\u4e0a\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u65b0\u5a18\u7531\u6b64\u8bde\u751f\u3002\u5723\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u5728\u5173\u4e8e\u7ea6\u7ff0\u798f\u97f3\u7684\u8bba\u8457\u4e2d\u4f18\u7f8e\u5730\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u601d\u60f3\uff1a\u201c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u4e9a\u5f53\u5728\u5341\u5b57\u67b6\u4e0a\u4f4e\u5934\u6c89\u7761\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4ece\u4ed6\u808b\u65c1\u6d41\u51fa\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u4e2d\u4e3a\u4ed6\u9020\u5c31\u4e00\u4f4d\u914d\u5076\u2026\u2026\u54e6\uff0c\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u501f\u6b64\u6b7b\u4eba\u5f97\u4ee5\u590d\u6d3b\u2026\u2026\u8fd8\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u6bd4\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8840\u66f4\u7eaf\u6d01\uff1f\u8fd8\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u6bd4\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4f24\u53e3\u66f4\u5177\u6cbb\u6108\u529b\uff1f\u201d<\/p>\n
\u5728\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e73\u884c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u5947\u5999\u7edf\u4e00\u3002\u4e9a\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u8bc9\u8bf4\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u5c18\u4e16\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u4eba\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u8eab\u4e0a\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u6700\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u627f\u62c5\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u4eba\u6027\u4ee5\u6551\u8d4e\u5b83\u3002\u5728\u8036\u7a23\u91cc\uff0c\u4e9a\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u8bc9\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5815\u843d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8bc9\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u83b7\u5f97\u795e\u5723\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e9a\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u610f\u4e49\u4e30\u5bcc\u4e14\u5145\u6ee1\u8c61\u5f81\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u65c5\u7a0b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6709\u529b\u7684\u6559\u8bad\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u53cd\u601d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u88ab\u9080\u8bf7\u52a0\u6df1\u5bf9\u4eba\u6027\u3001\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u4eec\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u7684\u547c\u53ec\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e9a\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u6e90\u4e8e\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u8bed adamah\uff0c\u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u5730\u9762\u201d\u6216\u201c\u571f\u5730\u201d\uff0c\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\u5351\u5fae\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u300a\u521b\u4e16\u8bb0\u300b\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u7531\u5c18\u571f\u9020\u6210\u7684\uff08\u521b\u4e16\u8bb0 2:7\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u5fc3\u4e2d\u704c\u8f93\u4e00\u79cd\u8c26\u5351\u611f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u6240\u6709\u53d7\u9020\u7269\u76f8\u4e92\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u975e\u4e0e\u5927\u5730\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e0e\u4e4b\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u8fde\u3002\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u5e38\u611f\u5230\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u8131\u8282\uff0c\u4e9a\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u547c\u5524\u6211\u4eec\u56de\u5f52\u672c\u6e90\uff0c\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u7167\u987e\u5927\u5730\uff0c\u5373\u6211\u4eec\u5171\u540c\u7684\u5bb6\u56ed\u3002\uff08Russell, 1987\uff09<\/p>\n
\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u7531\u5c18\u571f\u9020\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u8499\u53d7\u4e86\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6c14\u606f\u7684\u5439\u5165\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e9a\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u8bc9\u8bf4\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u6027\u2014\u2014\u6211\u4eec\u65e2\u662f\u7269\u8d28\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u751f\u547d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e8c\u5143\u6027\u5e94\u8be5\u6fc0\u53d1\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4eba\u6027\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u60ca\u53f9\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u62e5\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u795e\u5723\u6c14\u606f\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u5c0a\u4e25\u6000\u6709\u6df1\u6df1\u7684\u656c\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7531\u4e8e\u4e9a\u5f53\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u4e0a\u5e1d\u547d\u540d\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6e34\u671b\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u5efa\u7acb\u4e2a\u4eba\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5728\u51c9\u98ce\u4e60\u4e60\u7684\u508d\u665a\u4e0e\u4e9a\u5f53\u540c\u884c\uff08\u521b\u4e16\u8bb0 3:8\uff09\uff0c\u7942\u4e5f\u5bfb\u6c42\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u4eb2\u8fd1\u3002\u8fd9\u5e94\u8be5\u9f13\u52b1\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u7948\u7977\u3001\u9ed8\u60f3\u5723\u7ecf\u548c\u53c2\u4e0e\u5723\u4e8b\u6765\u57f9\u517b\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e9a\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u4e5f\u627f\u8f7d\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u5815\u843d\u672c\u6027\u7684\u91cd\u62c5\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u4e9a\u5f53\u7684\u6096\u9006\u5c06\u7f6a\u5e26\u5165\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u7edd\u975e\u7edd\u671b\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u4e9a\u5f53\u540d\u5b57\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5e94\u8be5\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\u65f6\u523b\u9700\u8981\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u6069\u5178\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u5c5e\u7075\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u8c26\u5351\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u5b83\u6559\u5bfc\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u8bda\u5b9e\u9762\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8f6f\u5f31\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u4f9d\u9760\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u8981\u4f9d\u9760\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u7231\u4e0e\u601c\u60af\u7684\u5927\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u65b0\u7ea6\u4e2d\u5c06\u57fa\u7763\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e3a\u201c\u65b0\u4e9a\u5f53\u201d\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5e0c\u671b\u3002\u5b83\u6559\u5bfc\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u83b7\u5f97\u65b0\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u521b\u9020\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u5723\u4fdd\u7f57\u6240\u5199\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u4e9a\u5f53\u91cc\u4f17\u4eba\u90fd\u6b7b\u4e86\uff1b\u7167\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u91cc\u4f17\u4eba\u4e5f\u90fd\u8981\u590d\u6d3b\u201d\uff08\u54e5\u6797\u591a\u524d\u4e66 15:22\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u5e94\u8be5\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5145\u6ee1\u559c\u4e50\u548c\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u91cc\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u5815\u843d\u7684\u672c\u6027\u3002\uff08Kreitzer, 1989, pp. 278\u2013284\uff09<\/p>\n
\u6b63\u5982\u4e9a\u5f53\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u7ed9\u52a8\u7269\u547d\u540d\u548c\u7167\u770b\u82b1\u56ed\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5171\u540c\u521b\u9020\u8005\u7684\u547c\u53ec\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u662f\u521b\u9020\u7684\u88ab\u52a8\u63a5\u53d7\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6301\u7eed\u521b\u9020\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u3002\u8fd9\u5e94\u8be5\u6fc0\u52b1\u6211\u4eec\u5229\u7528\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5929\u8d4b\u548c\u624d\u80fd\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u548c\u4ed6\u4eba\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u505a\u53d7\u6258\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5fe0\u5b9e\u7ba1\u5bb6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u53d7\u9020\u7269\u7684\u7e41\u8363\u800c\u52aa\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4e9a\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\u2014\u2014\u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u4eba\u7c7b\u201d\u2014\u2014\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\u5171\u540c\u7684\u4eba\u6027\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u79cd\u65cf\u3001\u56fd\u7c4d\u548c\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u6240\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\uff0c\u4e9a\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u547c\u5524\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u513f\u5973\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\u3002\u5b83\u6311\u6218\u6211\u4eec\u6253\u7834\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u5bfb\u6c42\u7406\u89e3\u4e0e\u548c\u89e3\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u516c\u6b63\u3001\u66f4\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u800c\u52aa\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8ba9\u4e9a\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u6210\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u65ad\u63d0\u9192\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6709\u529b\u771f\u7406\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u613f\u5b83\u6fc0\u52b1\u6211\u4eec\u6000\u7740\u8c26\u5351\u548c\u60ca\u5947\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u73cd\u60dc\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u62e5\u62b1\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u91cc\u7684\u6551\u8d4e\uff0c\u5e76\u7231\u548c\u670d\u4f8d\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u540c\u80de\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u771f\u6b63\u4e0d\u8d1f\u6211\u4eec\u540d\u5b57\u7684\u5c0a\u4e25\u2014\u2014\u4e9a\u5f53\u7684\u513f\u5973\uff0c\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6240\u7231\u7684\u513f\u5973\u3002<\/p>\n
\u867d\u7136\u4e9a\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5723\u7ecf\u4e2d\u660e\u786e\u9884\u8a00\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u6df1\u6df1\u5730\u4ea4\u7ec7\u5728\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5e94\u8bb8\u548c\u6551\u8d4e\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u5c55\u5f00\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u4e9a\u5f53\u540d\u5b57\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u5728\u6574\u672c\u5723\u7ecf\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u5171\u9e23\uff0c\u4ece\u300a\u521b\u4e16\u8bb0\u300b\u5230\u300a\u542f\u793a\u5f55\u300b\uff0c\u4ee5\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8bc9\u8bf4\u7740\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u8003\u8651\u4e9a\u5f53\u521b\u9020\u672c\u8eab\u6240\u8574\u542b\u7684\u5e94\u8bb8\u3002\u5f53\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7528\u5c18\u571f\u9020\u4e9a\u5f53\u5e76\u5c06\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6c14\u606f\u5439\u5165\u4ed6\u4f53\u5185\u65f6\uff08\u521b\u4e16\u8bb0 2:7\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u4e3a\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e94\u8bb8\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u4e2a\u9020\u7269\u4e3b\u4e0e\u53d7\u9020\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u4eb2\u5bc6\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5e94\u8bb8\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u63d0\u4f9b\u751f\u547d\u548c\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u5e94\u8bb8\u3002\u4e9a\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u4eba\u7c7b\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u627f\u8f7d\u7740\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u795e\u5723\u610f\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u8bb8\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5815\u843d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u300a\u521b\u4e16\u8bb0\u300b3:15\u4e2d\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u6240\u79f0\u7684\u201c\u539f\u59cb\u798f\u97f3\u201d\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5bf9\u86c7\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u53c8\u8981\u53eb\u4f60\u548c\u5973\u4eba\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e3a\u4ec7\uff1b\u4f60\u7684\u540e\u88d4\u548c\u5973\u4eba\u7684\u540e\u88d4\u4e5f\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e3a\u4ec7\u3002\u5973\u4eba\u7684\u540e\u88d4\u8981\u4f24\u4f60\u7684\u5934\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u4f24\u4ed6\u7684\u811a\u8ddf\u3002\u201d\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u63d0\u5230\u4e9a\u5f53\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e94\u8bb8\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u4e9a\u5f53\u7684\u540e\u88d4\u2014\u2014\u201c\u5973\u4eba\u7684\u540e\u88d4\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6218\u80dc\u90aa\u6076\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u5e94\u8bb8\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u2014\u2014\u201c\u672b\u540e\u7684\u4e9a\u5f53\u201d\uff08\u54e5\u6797\u591a\u524d\u4e66 15:45\uff09\u8eab\u4e0a\u5f97\u5230\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u5e94\u8bb8\u3002\uff08Bowen, 2017\uff09<\/p>\n
\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5728\u6d2a\u6c34\u540e\u4e0e\u632a\u4e9a\u7acb\u7684\u7ea6\uff08\u521b\u4e16\u8bb0 9:8-17\uff09\u660e\u786e\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u4e86\u201c\u4e00\u5207\u6d3b\u7269\u201d\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e00\u77ed\u8bed\u547c\u5e94\u4e86\u521b\u9020\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\u548c\u4e9a\u5f53\u5728\u547d\u540d\u52a8\u7269\u4e2d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ee5\u5f69\u8679\u4e3a\u8c61\u5f81\u7684\u7ea6\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u518d\u7528\u6d2a\u6c34\u6bc1\u706d\u5927\u5730\u7684\u5e94\u8bb8\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5bf9\u5176\u521b\u9020\u7269\u548c\u4e9a\u5f53\u540e\u88d4\u627f\u8bfa\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u7ed9\u4e9a\u4f2f\u62c9\u7f55\u7684\u5e94\u8bb8\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8ba1\u5212\u901a\u8fc7\u4e9a\u4f2f\u62c9\u7f55\u7684\u540e\u88d4\u795d\u798f\u201c\u5730\u4e0a\u4e07\u65cf\u201d\uff08\u521b\u4e16\u8bb0 12:3\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u666e\u904d\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u56de\u6eaf\u5230\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e4b\u7236\u7684\u4e9a\u5f53\u3002\u5bf9\u4e9a\u4f2f\u62c9\u7f55\u7684\u5e94\u8bb8\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u662f\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6700\u521d\u4e3a\u4e9a\u5f53\u53ca\u5176\u540e\u88d4\u6240\u5b9a\u610f\u56fe\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u5177\u4f53\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5148\u77e5\u4eec\u4e5f\u8c08\u5230\u4e86\u4e0e\u6062\u590d\u4e9a\u5f53\u6240\u5931\u53bb\u4e4b\u7269\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5e94\u8bb8\u3002\u4ee5\u8d5b\u4e9a\u5173\u4e8e\u548c\u5e73\u738b\u56fd\u7684\u5f02\u8c61\uff08\u4ee5\u8d5b\u4e9a\u4e66 11:6-9\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u72fc\u5fc5\u4e0e\u7f8a\u7f94\u540c\u5c45\u201d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6062\u590d\u4e9a\u5f53\u5815\u843d\u524d\u4f0a\u7538\u56ed\u4e2d\u548c\u8c10\u7684\u5e94\u8bb8\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u4ee5\u897f\u7ed3\u5173\u4e8e\u4ece\u5723\u6bbf\u6d41\u51fa\u7684\u6cb3\u6d41\u7684\u5f02\u8c61\uff08\u4ee5\u897f\u7ed3\u4e66 47:1-12\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u5230\u4e4b\u5904\u5e26\u6765\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u547c\u5e94\u4e86\u6ecb\u6da6\u4f0a\u7538\u56ed\u7684\u6cb3\u6d41\uff08\u521b\u4e16\u8bb0 2:10-14\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u65b0\u7ea6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e9a\u5f53\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5e94\u8bb8\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u8eab\u4e0a\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4fdd\u7f57\u5728\u300a\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e66\u300b5:12-21\u4e2d\u6240\u5199\uff0c\u7f6a\u548c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4eba\uff08\u4e9a\u5f53\uff09\u8fdb\u5165\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u7167\u6837\uff0c\u516c\u4e49\u548c\u751f\u547d\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4eba\uff08\u57fa\u7763\uff09\u800c\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e73\u884c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6587\u5b66\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5bf9\u5176\u5e94\u8bb8\u4fe1\u5b9e\u7684\u6709\u529b\u795e\u5b66\u9648\u8ff0\u3002\u4e9a\u5f53\u521b\u9020\u4e2d\u9690\u542b\u7684\u5e94\u8bb8\u2014\u2014\u5373\u4eba\u7c7b\u5c06\u62e5\u6709\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u5e76\u7ba1\u7406\u53d7\u9020\u7269\u2014\u2014\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u7942\uff0c\u5728\u88ab\u6551\u8d4e\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u8eab\u4e0a\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5145\u5206\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\uff08Kreitzer, 1989, pp. 278\u2013284\uff09<\/p>\n
\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4e0e\u4e9a\u5f53\u540d\u5b57\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6700\u7f8e\u4e3d\u7684\u5e94\u8bb8\u4e4b\u4e00\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u300a\u542f\u793a\u5f55\u300b22:1-5\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u5b83\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u65b0\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u56de\u5f52\u4f0a\u7538\u56ed\u822c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u751f\u547d\u4e4b\u6cb3\u3001\u751f\u547d\u6811\u3001\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0e\u7942\u7684\u5b50\u6c11\u540c\u5728\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e9a\u5f53\u6240\u5f00\u59cb\u4e4b\u4e8b\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u5b9e\u73b0\u2014\u2014\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u53ca\u53d7\u9020\u7269\u548c\u8c10\u5171\u5904\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e94\u8bb8\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5bf9\u7942\u7684\u521b\u9020\u7269\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u575a\u5b9a\u4e0d\u79fb\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u3002\u4ee3\u8868\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7684\u4e9a\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u88ab\u94ed\u523b\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e94\u8bb8\u4e2d\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4ece\u672a\u653e\u5f03\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u5728\u672b\u540e\u7684\u4e9a\u5f53\u2014\u2014\u57fa\u7763\u91cc\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e94\u8bb8\u90fd\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u201c\u662f\u201d\uff08\u54e5\u6797\u591a\u540e\u4e66 1:20\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6d3b\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e94\u8bb8\u7684\u559c\u4e50\u548c\u5e0c\u671b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fe1\u9760\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4fe1\u5b9e\uff0c\u5e76\u52aa\u529b\u6d3b\u51fa\u90a3\u4e9b\u62e5\u6709\u7942\u5f62\u8c61\u548c\u540d\u5b57\u4e4b\u4eba\u7684\u6837\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7406\u89e3\u4e9a\u5f53\u540d\u5b57\u7684\u4e30\u5bcc\u542b\u4e49\u53ef\u4ee5\u6df1\u523b\u5730\u52a0\u6df1\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6d1e\u5bdf\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4eba\u6027\u3001\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5b8f\u5927\u7684\u6551\u8d4e\u53d9\u4e8b\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u53cd\u601d\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u6539\u53d8\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u751f\u6d3b\u5e76\u52a0\u5f3a\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u59d4\u8eab\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e9a\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u6e90\u4e8e adamah\uff0c\u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u5730\u9762\u201d\u6216\u201c\u571f\u5730\u201d\uff0c\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\u5351\u5fae\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u6240\u6709\u53d7\u9020\u7269\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u89e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u57f9\u517b\u8c26\u5351\u611f\u548c\u7ba1\u5bb6\u610f\u8bc6\u6765\u52a0\u6df1\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u771f\u6b63\u9886\u609f\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u201c\u51fa\u4e8e\u5730\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u60f3\u8d77\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u4eec\u7167\u987e\u7942\u521b\u9020\u7269\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15\u5bfc\u6211\u4eec\u4ea7\u751f\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u751f\u6001\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u5c06\u4fdd\u62a4\u6211\u4eec\u5171\u540c\u7684\u5bb6\u56ed\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u795e\u5723\u7684\u804c\u8d23\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\uff08Russell, 1987\uff09<\/p>\n
\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5c18\u4e16\u672c\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u6df1\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u9053\u6210\u8089\u8eab\u7684\u6b23\u8d4f\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u91cc\u627f\u62c5\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u5c18\u571f\u201d\u672c\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7942\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u53d7\u9020\u7269\u5f3a\u5927\u4e4b\u7231\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u9886\u609f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5145\u6ee1\u656c\u754f\u548c\u611f\u6069\uff0c\u52a0\u6df1\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u7231\uff0c\u5e76\u52a0\u5f3a\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u7942\u6551\u8d4e\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7406\u89e3\u4e9a\u5f53\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u4e5f\u610f\u5473\u7740\u201c\u4eba\u7c7b\u201d\u6216\u201c\u4eba\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u62d3\u5bbd\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u7231\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5927\u5bb6\u5ead\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6311\u6218\u6211\u4eec\u8d85\u8d8a\u72ed\u9698\u7684\u5708\u5b50\uff0c\u53bb\u62e5\u62b1\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u52a0\u6df1\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002\u5b83\u547c\u5524\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5f85\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u79cd\u65cf\u3001\u56fd\u7c4d\u6216\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u90fd\u89c6\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5144\u5f1f\u59d0\u59b9\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e9a\u5f53\u513f\u5973\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u513f\u5973\u7684\u540c\u6837\u5c0a\u4e25\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e9a\u5f53\u4e0e\u201c\u672b\u540e\u7684\u4e9a\u5f53\u201d\u57fa\u7763\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u4fe1\u4ef0\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u6c89\u601d\u57fa\u7763\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e76\u5b8c\u5584\u4e9a\u5f53\u6240\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u4e8b\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6551\u8d4e\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u6b23\u8d4f\u5c31\u4f1a\u589e\u957f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u89e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b8f\u5927\u53d9\u4e8b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u52a0\u6df1\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u2014\u2014\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e0e\u7f6a\u6323\u624e\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u66f4\u65b0\u4e07\u7269\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u3002\uff08Kreitzer, 1989, pp. 278\u2013284\uff09<\/p>\n
\u4e9a\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u4e5f\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\u53cc\u91cd\u672c\u6027\u2014\u2014\u7531\u5927\u5730\u9020\u6210\uff0c\u5374\u88ab\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5439\u5165\u6c14\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u89e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u9f13\u52b1\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u5c5e\u7075\u65b9\u9762\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u52a0\u6df1\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002\u5b83\u6311\u6218\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u65e5\u5e38\u7684\u5c18\u4e16\u6d3b\u52a8\u89c6\u4e3a\u6ce8\u5165\u4e86\u5c5e\u7075\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u751f\u6d3b\u89c6\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6574\u4f53\u89c2\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15\u5bfc\u6211\u4eec\u8d70\u5411\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u771f\u5b9e\u3001\u66f4\u624e\u5b9e\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u62e5\u62b1\u6211\u4eec\u4eba\u6027\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53cd\u601d\u4e9a\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5efa\u7acb\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u6df1\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0e\u795e\u5723\u8005\u4eb2\u5bc6\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u50cf\u4e9a\u5f53\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u88ab\u547c\u53ec\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u540c\u884c\uff0c\u4e0e\u7942\u4ea4\u8c08\uff0c\u4eab\u53d7\u7942\u7684\u540c\u5728\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u6fc0\u52b1\u6211\u4eec\u4f18\u5148\u8003\u8651\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u52a0\u6df1\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7948\u7977\u751f\u6d3b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u7942\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u540c\u5728\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7406\u89e3\u4e9a\u5f53\u7684\u5815\u843d\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53cd\u5e38\u5730\u52a0\u5f3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\u65f6\u523b\u9700\u8981\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u6069\u5178\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u7f6a\u6323\u624e\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u610f\u8bc6\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u6df1\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u601c\u60af\u548c\u57fa\u7763\u6551\u8d4e\u793c\u7269\u7684\u6b23\u8d4f\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15\u5bfc\u6211\u4eec\u8d70\u5411\u4e00\u79cd\u65e2\u8c26\u5351\u53c8\u559c\u4e50\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8f6f\u5f31\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5927\u80fd\u4e2d\u6b22\u6b23\u9f13\u821e\u3002<\/p>\n
—<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u63a2\u7d22\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u4e9a\u5f53\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u5176\u5723\u7ecf\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u548c\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11990,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[39],"tags":[],"series":[],"class_list":["post-11510","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-christian-education"],"mb":[],"acf":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/christianpure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/what-does-the-name-adam-really-mean.webp?fit=1920%2C1080&quality=75&ssl=1","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":3874,"url":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ja\/learn\/adam-eve-last-name\/","url_meta":{"origin":11510,"position":0},"title":"Adam & Eve: What was their Last Name?","author":"Christian Pure Team","date":"5\u6708 25, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Unraveling the mystery: Did Adam and Eve have a last name? Discover the surprising truth behind their identity and unravel the age-old question.","rel":"","context":"Christian Education","block_context":{"text":"Christian Education","link":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ja\/learn\/category\/christian-education\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/christianpure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/65898f835074a50241a19d66_Adam-Eve-What-was-their-Last-Name-1920.webp?fit=1200%2C675&quality=75&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/christianpure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/65898f835074a50241a19d66_Adam-Eve-What-was-their-Last-Name-1920.webp?fit=1200%2C675&quality=75&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/christianpure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/65898f835074a50241a19d66_Adam-Eve-What-was-their-Last-Name-1920.webp?fit=1200%2C675&quality=75&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/christianpure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/65898f835074a50241a19d66_Adam-Eve-What-was-their-Last-Name-1920.webp?fit=1200%2C675&quality=75&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/christianpure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/65898f835074a50241a19d66_Adam-Eve-What-was-their-Last-Name-1920.webp?fit=1200%2C675&quality=75&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1454,"url":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ja\/learn\/adam-name-frequency-bible-metrics\/","url_meta":{"origin":11510,"position":1},"title":"Bible Metrics: How Often Does Adam’s Name Appear in the Scriptures?","author":"Christian Pure Team","date":"6\u6708 17, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Discover the importance of Adam in the Bible through this insightful article. Explore how many times Adam is mentioned, whether God named him, and how many other Adams are mentioned in the Bible.","rel":"","context":"Christian Education","block_context":{"text":"Christian Education","link":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ja\/learn\/category\/christian-education\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/christianpure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/663a874af896e3fbee5caf82_Bible-Metrics-How-Often-Does-Adams-Name-Appear-in-the-Scriptures-1920.jpeg?fit=1200%2C675&quality=80&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/christianpure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/663a874af896e3fbee5caf82_Bible-Metrics-How-Often-Does-Adams-Name-Appear-in-the-Scriptures-1920.jpeg?fit=1200%2C675&quality=80&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/christianpure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/663a874af896e3fbee5caf82_Bible-Metrics-How-Often-Does-Adams-Name-Appear-in-the-Scriptures-1920.jpeg?fit=1200%2C675&quality=80&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/christianpure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/663a874af896e3fbee5caf82_Bible-Metrics-How-Often-Does-Adams-Name-Appear-in-the-Scriptures-1920.jpeg?fit=1200%2C675&quality=80&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/christianpure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/663a874af896e3fbee5caf82_Bible-Metrics-How-Often-Does-Adams-Name-Appear-in-the-Scriptures-1920.jpeg?fit=1200%2C675&quality=80&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":6320,"url":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ja\/learn\/what-does-man-symbolize-in-the-bible\/","url_meta":{"origin":11510,"position":2},"title":"What Does Man Symbolize In The Bible?","author":"Christian Pure Team","date":"7\u6708 31, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Explore the profound symbolism of man in the Bible, from being made in God's image to representing moral agency and stewardship. Learn how the fall altered the relationship between man and God.","rel":"","context":"Bible Mysteries","block_context":{"text":"Bible Mysteries","link":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ja\/learn\/category\/bible-mysteries\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/christianpure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/20240709-071802.webp?fit=1200%2C675&quality=75&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/christianpure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/20240709-071802.webp?fit=1200%2C675&quality=75&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/christianpure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/20240709-071802.webp?fit=1200%2C675&quality=75&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/christianpure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/20240709-071802.webp?fit=1200%2C675&quality=75&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/christianpure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/20240709-071802.webp?fit=1200%2C675&quality=75&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":6332,"url":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ja\/learn\/bible-mysteries-what-language-did-adam-and-eve-speak\/","url_meta":{"origin":11510,"position":3},"title":"Bible Mysteries: What Language Did Adam And Eve Speak ?","author":"Christian Pure Team","date":"8\u6708 2, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Discover the mysteries behind the language of Adam and Eve in the Bible. Uncover clues, traditions, and the connection to the Tower of Babel story.","rel":"","context":"Bible Mysteries","block_context":{"text":"Bible Mysteries","link":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ja\/learn\/category\/bible-mysteries\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/christianpure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/20240709-072505.webp?fit=1200%2C675&quality=75&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/christianpure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/20240709-072505.webp?fit=1200%2C675&quality=75&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/christianpure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/20240709-072505.webp?fit=1200%2C675&quality=75&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/christianpure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/20240709-072505.webp?fit=1200%2C675&quality=75&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/christianpure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/20240709-072505.webp?fit=1200%2C675&quality=75&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":22356,"url":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ja\/learn\/is-brown-in-the-bible\/","url_meta":{"origin":11510,"position":4},"title":"Bible Study: Is Brown a Significant Color in the Bible?","author":"Christian Pure Team","date":"1\u6708 28, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"Explore the significance of brown in the Bible, including its symbolism of humility, earthiness, and connection to creation and faith.","rel":"","context":"Bible Study","block_context":{"text":"Bible Study","link":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ja\/learn\/category\/bible-study\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/christianpure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/bible-study-is-brown-a-significant-color-in-the-bible.webp?fit=1200%2C675&quality=75&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/christianpure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/bible-study-is-brown-a-significant-color-in-the-bible.webp?fit=1200%2C675&quality=75&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/christianpure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/bible-study-is-brown-a-significant-color-in-the-bible.webp?fit=1200%2C675&quality=75&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/christianpure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/bible-study-is-brown-a-significant-color-in-the-bible.webp?fit=1200%2C675&quality=75&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/christianpure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/bible-study-is-brown-a-significant-color-in-the-bible.webp?fit=1200%2C675&quality=75&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":3138,"url":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ja\/learn\/adam-eve-mysterious-death\/","url_meta":{"origin":11510,"position":5},"title":"Bible Mysteries: How did Adam and Eve Die?","author":"Christian Pure Team","date":"5\u6708 24, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Unveil the mysterious fate of Adam and Eve. Discover what the Bible reveals about their ultimate demise.","rel":"","context":"Bible Mysteries","block_context":{"text":"Bible Mysteries","link":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ja\/learn\/category\/bible-mysteries\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/christianpure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/6533c86ea6bd434c127ab698_The-Mysterious-Deaths-of-Adam-and-Eve-What-Really-Happened-1920.jpeg?fit=1200%2C675&quality=80&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/christianpure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/6533c86ea6bd434c127ab698_The-Mysterious-Deaths-of-Adam-and-Eve-What-Really-Happened-1920.jpeg?fit=1200%2C675&quality=80&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/christianpure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/6533c86ea6bd434c127ab698_The-Mysterious-Deaths-of-Adam-and-Eve-What-Really-Happened-1920.jpeg?fit=1200%2C675&quality=80&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/christianpure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/6533c86ea6bd434c127ab698_The-Mysterious-Deaths-of-Adam-and-Eve-What-Really-Happened-1920.jpeg?fit=1200%2C675&quality=80&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/christianpure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/6533c86ea6bd434c127ab698_The-Mysterious-Deaths-of-Adam-and-Eve-What-Really-Happened-1920.jpeg?fit=1200%2C675&quality=80&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"mfb_rest_fields":["title","jetpack_publicize_connections","jetpack_featured_media_url","jetpack-related-posts","jetpack_sharing_enabled"],"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/api.robolly.com\/templates\/656df2bd6a094828c339896d\/render.jpg?dl&scale=1&image=https%3A%2F%2Fchristianpure.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fblogimg%2FV5%2FCreate_an_image_that_showcases_Jesuss_sacrificial_lo_7d471523.webp&titleBG=%233A7300E6&title=What%20Does%20the%20Name%20%22Adam%22%20Really%20Mean%3F","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11510","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11510"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11510\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11990"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11510"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11510"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11510"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=11510"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}