\u30ce\u30a2\u304b\u3089\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306b\u81f3\u308b\u8056\u66f8\u306e\u7cfb\u56f3\u3092\u63a2\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u306b\u3042\u305f\u308a\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u5b66\u8853\u7684\u306a\u6b63\u78ba\u3055\u3068\u970a\u7684\u306a\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3053\u306e\u554f\u3044\u306b\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u307e\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3053\u306e\u7cfb\u8b5c\u306f\u5358\u306a\u308b\u540d\u524d\u306e\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u795e\u3068\u4eba\u985e\u3068\u306e\u5951\u7d04\u306e\u795e\u8056\u306a\u6b74\u53f2\u3092\u8868\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30ce\u30a2\u304b\u3089\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306b\u81f3\u308b\u7cfb\u56f3\u306f\u3001\u4e3b\u306b\u65b0\u7d04\u8056\u66f8\u306e2\u3064\u306e\u7b87\u6240\u3001\u30de\u30bf\u30a4\u306b\u3088\u308b\u798f\u97f3\u66f81\u7ae01\u301c17\u7bc0\u3068\u30eb\u30ab\u306b\u3088\u308b\u798f\u97f3\u66f83\u7ae023\u301c38\u7bc0\u306b\u898b\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306f\u65e7\u7d04\u8056\u66f8\u3001\u7279\u306b\u5275\u4e16\u8a18\u3001\u6b74\u4ee3\u8a8c\u3001\u30eb\u30c4\u8a18\u306b\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u7cfb\u56f3\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30ce\u30a2\u304b\u3089\u59cb\u307e\u308a\u3001\u7cfb\u8b5c\u306f\u606f\u5b50\u306e\u30bb\u30e0\u3078\u3068\u7d9a\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30bb\u30e0\u304b\u3089\u3001\u30a2\u30d6\u30e9\u30cf\u30e0\u306e\u7236\u30c6\u30e9\u307e\u3067\u306e\u6570\u4e16\u4ee3\u3092\u305f\u3069\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7cfb\u56f3\u306e\u3053\u306e\u90e8\u5206\u306f\u5275\u4e16\u8a1811\u7ae010\u301c26\u7bc0\u306b\u898b\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\uff08Grover, 2019, pp. 1\u2013149; Madsen, 2020, pp. 1\u201317\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30a2\u30d6\u30e9\u30cf\u30e0\u306f\u3001\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30a8\u30eb\u6c11\u65cf\u306e\u7236\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u3053\u306e\u7cfb\u8b5c\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u6975\u3081\u3066\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3092\u5360\u3081\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30a2\u30d6\u30e9\u30cf\u30e0\u304b\u3089\u3001\u7cfb\u8b5c\u306f\u606f\u5b50\u306e\u30a4\u30b5\u30af\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u30a4\u30b5\u30af\u306e\u606f\u5b50\u30e4\u30b3\u30d6\uff08\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30a8\u30eb\u3068\u3082\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\uff09\u3078\u3068\u7d9a\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6b21\u306b\u30e4\u30b3\u30d6\u306e\u606f\u5b50\u30e6\u30c0\u304c\u7d9a\u304d\u3001\u30e1\u30b7\u30a2\u304c\u30e6\u30c0\u65cf\u304b\u3089\u51fa\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9810\u8a00\u304c\u6210\u5c31\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7cfb\u56f3\u306f\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u3001\u30dc\u30a2\u30ba\u3001\u30a8\u30c3\u30b5\u30a4\u3001\u30c0\u30d3\u30c7\u738b\u306a\u3069\u306e\u8457\u540d\u306a\u4eba\u7269\u3092\u542b\u3080\u6570\u4e16\u4ee3\u3092\u7d4c\u3066\u9032\u307f\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30e1\u30b7\u30a2\u306f\u30c0\u30d3\u30c7\u306e\u5b50\u5b6b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u9810\u8a00\u3055\u308c\u3001\u300c\u30c0\u30d3\u30c7\u306e\u5b50\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u3053\u306e\u7cfb\u8b5c\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30c0\u30d3\u30c7\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u306f\u3044\u304f\u3089\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3057\u3059\u304e\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\uff08Madsen, 2020, pp. 1\u201317\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30c0\u30d3\u30c7\u306e\u5f8c\u3001\u7cfb\u56f3\u306f\u30bd\u30ed\u30e2\u30f3\u3001\u30ec\u30cf\u30d9\u30a2\u30e0\u306a\u3069\u3092\u542b\u3080\u30e6\u30c0\u306e\u738b\u305f\u3061\u306e\u7cfb\u8b5c\u3092\u7d4c\u3066\u3001\u30d0\u30d3\u30ed\u30f3\u6355\u56da\u306e\u6642\u4ee3\u307e\u3067\u7d9a\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6355\u56da\u5f8c\u306e\u7cfb\u56f3\u306f\u4e0d\u660e\u77ad\u306a\u90e8\u5206\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u30de\u30bf\u30a4\u3068\u30eb\u30ab\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u306b\u306f\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u9055\u3044\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u8a95\u751f\u524d\u306e\u6700\u5f8c\u306e\u4e16\u4ee3\u306b\u306f\u3001\u6355\u56da\u304b\u3089\u306e\u5e30\u9084\u3092\u5c0e\u3044\u305f\u30bc\u30eb\u30d0\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u4eba\u7269\u304c\u767b\u5834\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30de\u30bf\u30a4\u306e\u7cfb\u56f3\u306f\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306e\u6cd5\u7684\u7236\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30e8\u30bb\u30d5\u3092\u7d4c\u3066\u9032\u307f\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u30eb\u30ab\u306e\u7cfb\u56f3\u306f\u30de\u30ea\u30a2\u306e\u7cfb\u8b5c\u3092\u305f\u3069\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u89e3\u91c8\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044\u3067\u3059\uff08Sivertsen, 2005, pp. 43\u201350\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u7cfb\u56f3\u306f\u5358\u306a\u308b\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u8a18\u9332\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306f\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u76ee\u7684\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u4e16\u4ee3\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u305f\u795e\u306e\u7d04\u675f\u3078\u306e\u8aa0\u5b9f\u3055\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3001\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u304c\u30c0\u30d3\u30c7\u306e\u5b50\u3067\u3042\u308a\u795e\u306e\u5b50\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30a2\u30a4\u30c7\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30c6\u30a3\u3092\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8056\u66f8\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068\u3001\u30ce\u30a2\u306b\u306f\u30bb\u30e0\u3001\u30cf\u30e0\u3001\u30e4\u30d5\u30a7\u30c8\u3068\u3044\u30463\u4eba\u306e\u606f\u5b50\u304c\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306e\u7cfb\u8b5c\u306f\u30bb\u30e0\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u305f\u3069\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\uff08Grover, 2019, pp. 1\u2013149; Madsen, 2020, pp. 1\u201317\uff09\u3002\u30d8\u30d6\u30e9\u30a4\u8a9e\u3092\u542b\u3080\u8a00\u8a9e\u65cf\u3084\u30bb\u30e0\u306e\u5b50\u5b6b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u4eba\u3005\u3092\u6307\u3057\u3066\u300c\u30bb\u30e0\u7cfb\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a00\u8449\u304c\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3053\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30e1\u30b7\u30a2\u306e\u7cfb\u8b5c\u306e\u7956\u5148\u3068\u3057\u3066\u30bb\u30e0\u304c\u9078\u3070\u308c\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306f\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5275\u4e16\u8a189\u7ae026\u301c27\u7bc0\u3067\u3001\u30ce\u30a2\u306f\u30bb\u30e0\u3092\u795d\u798f\u3057\u3001\u300c\u30bb\u30e0\u306e\u795e\u3001\u4e3b\u306f\u307b\u3081\u305f\u305f\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3088\uff01\u300d\u3068\u8a00\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u795d\u798f\u306f\u3001\u30bb\u30e0\u306e\u5b50\u5b6b\u304c\u6551\u6e08\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u679c\u305f\u3059\u7279\u5225\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u4e88\u5146\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3053\u306e\u7cfb\u56f3\u4e0a\u306e\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308a\u304c\u3001\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30a8\u30eb\u306e\u4eba\u3005\u306e\u30a2\u30a4\u30c7\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30c6\u30a3\u3068\u81ea\u5df1\u7406\u89e3\u3092\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u305f\u304b\u3092\u8003\u3048\u308b\u306e\u306f\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u306b\u8208\u5473\u6df1\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002\u7279\u5225\u306a\u795d\u798f\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u305f\u606f\u5b50\u306e\u5b50\u5b6b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u77e5\u8b58\u306f\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u304c\u795e\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7279\u5225\u306a\u76ee\u7684\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u9078\u3070\u308c\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u8b58\u3092\u5f37\u3081\u305f\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u306b\u3001\u30bb\u30e0\u306e\u5b50\u5b6b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30bb\u30e0\u4eba\u306f\u4e2d\u6771\u306e\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u306b\u5c45\u4f4f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u306f\u30a2\u30c3\u30ab\u30c9\u4eba\u3001\u30a2\u30e9\u30e0\u4eba\u3001\u30a2\u30c3\u30b7\u30ea\u30a2\u4eba\u3001\u30d0\u30d3\u30ed\u30cb\u30a2\u4eba\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3061\u308d\u3093\u30d8\u30d6\u30e9\u30a4\u4eba\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u4eba\u3005\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u7684\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6587\u5316\u7684\u306a\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308a\u306f\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u5171\u901a\u306e\u7956\u5148\u3092\u53cd\u6620\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff08\uc774\uc885\uadfc, 2002, pp. 15\u201329\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306f\u30bb\u30e0\u306e\u5b50\u5b6b\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u795e\u306e\u611b\u3068\u6551\u3044\u306f\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u7cfb\u8b5c\u306b\u9650\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u30bb\u30e0\u306b\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u795d\u798f\u306f\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u4eba\u3005\u306b\u5e83\u304c\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30d1\u30a6\u30ed\u304c\u30ac\u30e9\u30c6\u30e4\u4eba\u3078\u306e\u624b\u7d193\u7ae028\u301c29\u7bc0\u3067\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u300c\u305d\u3053\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u3082\u30ae\u30ea\u30b7\u30a2\u4eba\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u2026\u2026\u3042\u306a\u305f\u304c\u305f\u306f\u7686\u3001\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u30fb\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u4e00\u3064\u3060\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3082\u3057\u3042\u306a\u305f\u304c\u305f\u304c\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u3082\u306e\u306a\u3089\u3001\u3042\u306a\u305f\u304c\u305f\u306f\u30a2\u30d6\u30e9\u30cf\u30e0\u306e\u5b50\u5b6b\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u7d04\u675f\u306b\u3088\u308b\u76f8\u7d9a\u4eba\u3067\u3059\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u304c\u30bb\u30e0\u304b\u3089\u51fa\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u795e\u3068\u4eba\u985e\u3068\u306e\u5951\u7d04\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3088\u308a\u5e83\u3044\u7269\u8a9e\u3068\u3082\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u3092\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u3051\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6d2a\u6c34\u306e\u5f8c\u3001\u795e\u306f\u30ce\u30a2\u3068\u305d\u306e\u606f\u5b50\u305f\u3061\u3068\u5951\u7d04\u3092\u7d50\u3073\u3001\u4e8c\u5ea6\u3068\u6d2a\u6c34\u3067\u5730\u3092\u6ec5\u307c\u3055\u306a\u3044\u3068\u7d04\u675f\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5951\u7d04\u306f\u3001\u5f8c\u306e\u30a2\u30d6\u30e9\u30cf\u30e0\u3001\u30e2\u30fc\u30bb\u3001\u30c0\u30d3\u30c7\u3068\u306e\u5951\u7d04\u306e\u5148\u99c6\u3051\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u3059\u3079\u3066\u304c\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6210\u5c31\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u65b0\u7d04\u8056\u66f8\u306b\u3042\u308b\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306e2\u3064\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u306a\u7cfb\u56f3\uff08\u30de\u30bf\u30a41\u7ae0\u3068\u30eb\u30ab3\u7ae0\uff09\u306f\u3001\u4e16\u4ee3\u306e\u6570\u3048\u65b9\u304c\u7570\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u9055\u3044\u306f\u3001\u4f55\u4e16\u7d00\u306b\u3082\u308f\u305f\u3063\u3066\u8056\u66f8\u5b66\u8005\u306e\u9593\u3067\u8b70\u8ad6\u306e\u5bfe\u8c61\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff08Sanders, 1913, p. 184; Sivertsen, 2005, pp. 43\u201350\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30a2\u30d6\u30e9\u30cf\u30e0\u304b\u3089\u59cb\u307e\u308b\u30de\u30bf\u30a4\u306e\u7cfb\u56f3\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068\u3001\u30a2\u30d6\u30e9\u30cf\u30e0\u304b\u3089\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u307e\u306742\u4e16\u4ee3\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5275\u4e16\u8a1811\u7ae0\u306b\u8a18\u8f09\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30ce\u30a2\u304b\u3089\u30a2\u30d6\u30e9\u30cf\u30e0\u307e\u3067\u306e\u4e16\u4ee3\u3092\u52a0\u3048\u308b\u3068\u3001\u30ce\u30a2\u304b\u3089\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u307e\u3067\u306f\u7d0452\u301c54\u4e16\u4ee3\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\uff08Madsen, 2020, pp. 1\u201317\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u30eb\u30ab\u306e\u7cfb\u56f3\u306f\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306e\u7cfb\u8b5c\u3092\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u307e\u3067\u3055\u304b\u306e\u307c\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30eb\u30ab\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u304b\u3089\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u307e\u3067\u7d0476\u4e16\u4ee3\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u304b\u3089\u30ce\u30a2\u307e\u3067\u306e\u4e16\u4ee3\u3092\u5dee\u3057\u5f15\u304f\u3068\u3001\u30ce\u30a2\u304b\u3089\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u307e\u3067\u306f\u7d0466\u301c68\u4e16\u4ee3\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\uff08Grover, 2019, pp. 1\u2013149\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u6570\u5b57\u306f\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u5e74\u4ee3\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3068\u3057\u3066\u53d7\u3051\u53d6\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6307\u6458\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304b\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u8056\u66f8\u306e\u7cfb\u56f3\u306f\u3001\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3088\u308a\u306f\u3001\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u76ee\u7684\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3088\u304f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4e16\u4ee3\u3092\u98db\u3070\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3001\u610f\u5473\u3092\u4f1d\u3048\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u8c61\u5fb4\u7684\u306a\u6570\u5b57\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u306a\u305c\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u7cfb\u56f3\u304c\u4fdd\u5b58\u3055\u308c\u3001\u798f\u97f3\u66f8\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u305f\u306e\u304b\u3092\u8003\u3048\u308b\u306e\u306f\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u306b\u8208\u5473\u6df1\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306f\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u3092\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30a8\u30eb\u3068\u4eba\u985e\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u6839\u4ed8\u304b\u305b\u3001\u5f7c\u306e\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u7684\u907a\u7523\u3068\u666e\u904d\u7684\u306a\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u3092\u5f37\u8abf\u3059\u308b\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u7cfb\u56f3\u306e\u9577\u3055\u306f\u3001\u795e\u306e\u6551\u3044\u306e\u8a08\u753b\u304c\u5c55\u958b\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5e83\u5927\u306a\u6642\u9593\u306e\u5e83\u304c\u308a\u3092\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u3001\u795e\u306e\u5fcd\u8010\u3068\u8aa0\u5b9f\u3055\u3092\u969b\u7acb\u305f\u305b\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8056\u66f8\u6642\u4ee3\u306e\u300c\u4e16\u4ee3\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6982\u5ff5\u306f\u3001\u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u7406\u89e3\u3068\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u3067\u306f\u3001\u4e16\u4ee3\u306f\u7d0440\u5e74\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306f\u5909\u52d5\u3059\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff08\uc774\uc885\uadfc, 2002, pp. 15\u201329\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e16\u4ee3\u6570\u306e\u9055\u3044\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u4e21\u65b9\u306e\u7cfb\u56f3\u306f\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u3092\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30a8\u30eb\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u4eba\u7269\u3001\u7279\u306b\u30a2\u30d6\u30e9\u30cf\u30e0\u3084\u30c0\u30d3\u30c7\u3068\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u3051\u308b\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u65cf\u9577\u305f\u3061\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u795e\u306e\u7d04\u675f\u306e\u6210\u5c31\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7d04\u675f\u306e\u5b50\u30a4\u30b5\u30af\u3068\u3001\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30a8\u30eb\u3068\u6539\u540d\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30e4\u30b3\u30d6\u304c\u3053\u306e\u7cfb\u8b5c\u3092\u7d99\u627f\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30e4\u30b3\u30d6\u306e12\u4eba\u306e\u606f\u5b50\u306f\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30a8\u30eb\u306e12\u90e8\u65cf\u306e\u7956\u5148\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3082\u30e6\u30c0\u306f\u7279\u5225\u306a\u610f\u5473\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u5275\u4e16\u8a1849\u7ae010\u7bc0\u306e\u30e4\u30b3\u30d6\u306e\u9810\u8a00\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u5f7c\u306e\u7cfb\u8b5c\u304b\u3089\u30e1\u30b7\u30a2\u304c\u51fa\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\uff08Grover, 2019, pp. 1\u2013149\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6b21\u306b\u3001\u9ad8\u6f54\u306a\u4eba\u683c\u306e\u6301\u3061\u4e3b\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u30e2\u30a2\u30d6\u4eba\u306e\u5973\u6027\u30eb\u30c4\u3068\u7d50\u5a5a\u3057\u305f\u30dc\u30a2\u30ba\u306b\u51fa\u4f1a\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u7269\u8a9e\u306f\u3001\u56fd\u5883\u3092\u8d8a\u3048\u308b\u795e\u306e\u5305\u62ec\u7684\u306a\u611b\u3092\u601d\u3044\u51fa\u3055\u305b\u3066\u304f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30e1\u30b7\u30a2\u306e\u7cfb\u8b5c\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30eb\u30c4\u306f\u3001\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u4f7f\u547d\u306e\u666e\u904d\u6027\u3092\u4e88\u5146\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff08Madsen, 2020, pp. 1\u201317\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30dc\u30a2\u30ba\u3068\u30eb\u30c4\u304b\u3089\u3001\u30c0\u30d3\u30c7\u306e\u7236\u30a8\u30c3\u30b5\u30a4\u304c\u751f\u307e\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7f8a\u98fc\u3044\u304b\u3089\u738b\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u30c0\u30d3\u30c7\u738b\u306f\u3001\u30a2\u30d6\u30e9\u30cf\u30e0\u4ee5\u964d\u3001\u3053\u306e\u7cfb\u56f3\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u6700\u3082\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u4eba\u7269\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u30c0\u30d3\u30c7\u306e\u738b\u5ea7\u304c\u6c38\u9060\u306b\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u795e\u306e\u7d04\u675f\u306f\u3001\u6c38\u9060\u306e\u738b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u7a76\u6975\u306e\u6210\u5c31\u3092\u898b\u307e\u3059\uff08Grover, 2019, pp. 1\u2013149\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u77e5\u6075\u3068\u6700\u521d\u306e\u795e\u6bbf\u5efa\u8a2d\u3067\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u308b\u30c0\u30d3\u30c7\u306e\u606f\u5b50\u30bd\u30ed\u30e2\u30f3\u304c\u3001\u3053\u306e\u8f1d\u304b\u3057\u3044\u7cfb\u8b5c\u306e\u6b21\u306b\u7d9a\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u738b\u56fd\u306e\u5206\u88c2\u3092\u62db\u3044\u305f\u30ec\u30cf\u30d9\u30a2\u30e0\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u4eba\u7269\u3082\u304a\u308a\u3001\u3053\u306e\u7cfb\u8b5c\u306b\u306f\u5fe0\u5b9f\u306a\u8005\u3068\u6b20\u70b9\u306e\u3042\u308b\u8005\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u601d\u3044\u51fa\u3055\u305b\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6355\u56da\u306e\u6642\u4ee3\u306b\u8fd1\u3065\u304f\u3068\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u306a\u970a\u7684\u5237\u65b0\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3057\u305f\u30e8\u30b7\u30e4\u738b\u306b\u51fa\u4f1a\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6355\u56da\u5f8c\u3001\u30bc\u30eb\u30d0\u30d9\u30eb\u304c\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u4eba\u7269\u3068\u3057\u3066\u73fe\u308c\u3001\u30a8\u30eb\u30b5\u30ec\u30e0\u3078\u306e\u5e30\u9084\u3068\u795e\u6bbf\u306e\u518d\u5efa\u3092\u5c0e\u304d\u307e\u3059\uff08Madsen, 2020, pp. 1\u201317\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u8a95\u751f\u524d\u306e\u6700\u5f8c\u306e\u4e16\u4ee3\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30e8\u30bb\u30d5\u3068\u30de\u30ea\u30a2\u304c\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u7236\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306e\u6cd5\u7684\u7236\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u30e8\u30bb\u30d5\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u306f\u3001\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u3092\u30c0\u30d3\u30c7\u306e\u7cfb\u8b5c\u3068\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u3051\u308b\u4e0a\u3067\u6975\u3081\u3066\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30e1\u30b7\u30a2\u306e\u6bcd\u3068\u3057\u3066\u9078\u3070\u308c\u305f\u30de\u30ea\u30a2\u306f\u3001\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3068\u5f93\u9806\u306e\u6a21\u7bc4\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7acb\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff08Sivertsen, 2005, pp. 43\u201350\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u5148\u7956\u306e\u7269\u8a9e\u304c\u3001\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306e\u81ea\u5df1\u7406\u89e3\u3084\u5468\u56f2\u306e\u4eba\u3005\u306e\u671f\u5f85\u3092\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u305f\u304b\u3092\u8003\u3048\u308b\u306e\u306f\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u306b\u8208\u5473\u6df1\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5f37\u3055\u3068\u5f31\u3055\u3001\u5fe0\u5b9f\u3055\u3068\u5931\u6557\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u4eba\u7269\u4e00\u4eba\u3072\u3068\u308a\u304c\u3001\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u304c\u751f\u307e\u308c\u305f\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30a8\u30eb\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5e83\u5927\u306a\u7db2\u306e\u76ee\u306b\u8ca2\u732e\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6b74\u53f2\u5bb6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u7cfb\u56f3\u306e\u8a18\u9332\u306b\u306f\u30ae\u30e3\u30c3\u30d7\u3084\u30d0\u30ea\u30a8\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u8a8d\u3081\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u9055\u3044\u306f\u3001\u7cfb\u56f3\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u304c\u4e3b\u306b\u5e74\u4ee3\u9806\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4eba\u985e\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u50cd\u304f\u795e\u306e\u4e00\u8cab\u3057\u305f\u50cd\u304d\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u601d\u3044\u51fa\u3055\u305b\u3066\u304f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u9055\u3044\u306f\u5fc5\u305a\u3057\u3082\u77db\u76fe\u3084\u8aa4\u308a\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6307\u6458\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304b\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3080\u3057\u308d\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306f\u7570\u306a\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u6e90\u3068\u76ee\u7684\u3092\u53cd\u6620\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002\u4e3b\u306b\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u306e\u8aad\u8005\u306b\u5411\u3051\u3066\u66f8\u3044\u305f\u30de\u30bf\u30a4\u306f\u3001\u30bd\u30ed\u30e2\u30f3\u3092\u901a\u3058\u305f\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306e\u738b\u7d71\u3092\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u3001\u30c0\u30d3\u30c7\u306e\u5b50\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30e1\u30b7\u30a2\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u88cf\u4ed8\u3051\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3088\u308a\u666e\u904d\u7684\u306a\u8996\u70b9\u3092\u6301\u3064\u30eb\u30ab\u306f\u3001\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306e\u7cfb\u8b5c\u3092\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u307e\u3067\u3055\u304b\u306e\u307c\u308a\u3001\u5168\u4eba\u985e\u3068\u306e\u9023\u5e2f\u3092\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff08Willmington, 2017\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3\u4e16\u7d00\u306e\u30e6\u30ea\u30a6\u30b9\u30fb\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u30cc\u30b9\u306b\u307e\u3067\u3055\u304b\u306e\u307c\u308b\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u306a\u8aac\u660e\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u306f\u3001\u30de\u30bf\u30a4\u304c\u30e8\u30bb\u30d5\u306e\u7cfb\u56f3\u3092\u3001\u30eb\u30ab\u304c\u30de\u30ea\u30a2\u306e\u7cfb\u56f3\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u30c0\u30d3\u30c7\u4ee5\u964d\u306e\u5206\u5c90\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u3059\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u4e21\u65b9\u306e\u7cfb\u56f3\u306f\u30de\u30ea\u30a2\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u30e8\u30bb\u30d5\u3092\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306b\u6319\u3052\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u3053\u306e\u89e3\u91c8\u306f\u8907\u96d1\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\uff08Sanders, 1913, p. 184\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3082\u3046\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u898b\u65b9\u306f\u3001\u4e00\u65b9\u306e\u7cfb\u56f3\u304c\u30c0\u30d3\u30c7\u306e\u738b\u5ea7\u3078\u306e\u6cd5\u7684\u306a\u7d99\u627f\u6a29\u3092\u8868\u3057\u3001\u3082\u3046\u4e00\u65b9\u304c\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u7cfb\u8b5c\u3092\u8868\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u3042\u308b\u7537\u6027\u304c\u6cd5\u7684\u306b\u306f\u4e00\u4eba\u306e\u7236\u306e\u606f\u5b50\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3055\u308c\u3001\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u306b\u306f\u5225\u306e\u7236\u306e\u606f\u5b50\u3067\u3042\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3001\u30ec\u30d3\u30e9\u30c8\u5a5a\u306e\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u7684\u6163\u7fd2\u3068\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u307e\u3059\uff08Sanders, 1913, p. 184\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u7570\u306a\u308b\u7cfb\u56f3\u304c\u3001\u5f53\u6642\u306e\u8aad\u8005\u306b\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u97ff\u3044\u305f\u304b\u3092\u8003\u3048\u308b\u306e\u306f\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u306b\u8208\u5473\u6df1\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u7684\u907a\u7523\u3068\u738b\u7d71\u3092\u5f37\u8abf\u3059\u308b\u30de\u30bf\u30a4\u306e\u7cfb\u56f3\u306f\u30e1\u30b7\u30a2\u3078\u306e\u671f\u5f85\u306b\u5fdc\u3048\u3001\u666e\u904d\u7684\u306a\u7bc4\u56f2\u3092\u6301\u3064\u30eb\u30ab\u306e\u7cfb\u56f3\u306f\u795e\u306e\u8a08\u753b\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u5834\u6240\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u7570\u90a6\u4eba\u306e\u4fe1\u8005\u306b\u8a34\u3048\u304b\u3051\u305f\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u53e4\u4ee3\u306e\u7cfb\u56f3\u306f\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u8840\u7d71\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306f\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3001\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308a\u3092\u63cf\u3044\u305f\u308a\u3001\u5bfe\u8c61\u3068\u306a\u308b\u4eba\u7269\u306e\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u5c5e\u6027\u3092\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30de\u30bf\u30a4\u3068\u30eb\u30ab\u306e\u9055\u3044\u306f\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u591a\u69d8\u306a\u76ee\u7684\u3092\u53cd\u6620\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\uff08Sivertsen, 2005, pp. 43\u201350\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30ce\u30a2\u307e\u3067\u3055\u304b\u306e\u307c\u308b\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u4e3b\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u30fb\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u7cfb\u56f3\u306f\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3068\u4eba\u985e\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u795e\u306e\u8a08\u753b\u306e\u7406\u89e3\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u610f\u5473\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u8056\u66f8\u306b\u6ce8\u610f\u6df1\u304f\u4fdd\u5b58\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3053\u306e\u7cfb\u8b5c\u306f\u3001\u795e\u306e\u5951\u7d04\u306e\u7d99\u7d9a\u6027\u3068\u3001\u4e16\u4ee3\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u305f\u795e\u306e\u7d04\u675f\u306e\u6210\u5c31\u3092\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3054\u5b58\u77e5\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u30ce\u30a2\u306f\u6d2a\u6c34\u306e\u9593\u3001\u547d\u3092\u4fdd\u5b58\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u795e\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u9078\u3070\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u795e\u306e\u6190\u308c\u307f\u3068\u3001\u4eba\u985e\u306e\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u59cb\u307e\u308a\u3078\u306e\u9858\u3044\u3092\u898b\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306e\u7cfb\u8b5c\u306b\u30ce\u30a2\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306f\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u6551\u3044\u4e3b\u304c\u4eba\u985e\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u3053\u306e\u6975\u3081\u3066\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u518d\u751f\u3068\u5e0c\u671b\u306e\u77ac\u9593\u306b\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u601d\u3044\u51fa\u3055\u305b\u3066\u304f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u306b\u3001\u3053\u306e\u7cfb\u56f3\u306f\u5275\u4e16\u8a18\u306e\u539f\u59cb\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u3068\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30a8\u30eb\u306e\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u3068\u306e\u9593\u306e\u67b6\u3051\u6a4b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3001\u30ce\u30a2\u304b\u3089\u59cb\u307e\u3063\u305f\u795e\u306e\u6551\u3044\u306e\u8a08\u753b\u304c\u3001\u30a2\u30d6\u30e9\u30cf\u30e0\u3001\u30c0\u30d3\u30c7\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306b\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u3078\u3068\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u7d9a\u3044\u305f\u304b\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u7d99\u7d9a\u6027\u306f\u3001\u6570\u5343\u5e74\u306b\u308f\u305f\u308b\u795e\u306e\u8aa0\u5b9f\u3055\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u795e\u306e\u5275\u9020\u7269\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u63fa\u308b\u304e\u306a\u3044\u611b\u306e\u8a3c\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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\u591a\u304f\u306e\u6559\u7236\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u7cfb\u56f3\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u4eba\u9593\u6027\u306e\u73fe\u5b9f\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u529b\u5f37\u3044\u8a3c\u3057\u3092\u898b\u51fa\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u8056\u30a4\u30ec\u30cd\u30a6\u30b9\u306f\u3001\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u304c\u30ce\u30a2\u3068\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u304b\u3089\u53d7\u3051\u7d99\u3044\u3060\u8840\u7d71\u306f\u3001\u5f7c\u304c\u771f\u306b\u4eba\u9593\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a3c\u660e\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306f\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u898b\u3048\u305f\u3060\u3051\u3060\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3059\u308b\u4eba\u3005\u306b\u53cd\u8ad6\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u4eba\u9593\u6027\u306e\u80af\u5b9a\u306f\u3001\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u304c\u6551\u3044\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u4e0a\u3067\u6975\u3081\u3066\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u304c\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u3092\u6551\u3046\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u3068\u4e00\u3064\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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\u30ce\u30a2\u304b\u3089\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306b\u81f3\u308b\u7cfb\u56f3\u3092\u8abf\u3079\u308b\u3068\u3001\u795e\u306e\u5305\u62ec\u7684\u306a\u611b\u3068\u3001\u6551\u6e08\u53f2\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5973\u6027\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u3068\u3044\u3046\u529b\u5f37\u3044\u771f\u7406\u306b\u51fa\u4f1a\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u53e4\u4ee3\u306e\u7cfb\u56f3\u306f\u4e3b\u306b\u7537\u6027\u306e\u8840\u7d71\u306b\u7126\u70b9\u3092\u5f53\u3066\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u8056\u970a\u306f\u3001\u795e\u306e\u8a08\u753b\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u7406\u89e3\u3092\u8c4a\u304b\u306b\u3059\u308b\u30e6\u30cb\u30fc\u30af\u306a\u7269\u8a9e\u3092\u6301\u3064\u6570\u4eba\u306e\u5973\u6027\u3092\u3001\u3053\u306e\u8056\u306a\u308b\u8a18\u9332\u306b\u542b\u3081\u308b\u3088\u3046\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306e\u7cfb\u8b5c\u3092\u30a2\u30d6\u30e9\u30cf\u30e0\uff08\u3072\u3044\u3066\u306f\u30ce\u30a2\uff09\u307e\u3067\u9061\u308b\u30de\u30bf\u30a4\u306e\u7cfb\u56f3\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30bf\u30de\u30eb\u3001\u30e9\u30cf\u30d6\u3001\u30eb\u30c4\u3001\u30d0\u30c6\u30b7\u30d0\uff08\u300c\u30a6\u30ea\u30e4\u306e\u59bb\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a00\u53ca\uff09\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u30de\u30ea\u30a2\u3068\u3044\u30465\u4eba\u306e\u5973\u6027\u304c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306b\u8a18\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u5973\u6027\u305f\u3061\u306f\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u3001\u795e\u304c\u5c55\u958b\u3055\u308c\u308b\u6551\u3044\u306e\u8a08\u753b\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6975\u3081\u3066\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f(Smit, 2010, pp. 191\u2013207)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30bf\u30de\u30eb\u306f\u305d\u306e\u6c7a\u610f\u3068\u77e5\u6075\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u30e6\u30c0\u306e\u8840\u7d71\u306e\u7d99\u7d9a\u3092\u78ba\u5b9f\u306b\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30ab\u30ca\u30f3\u4eba\u306e\u5973\u6027\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30e9\u30cf\u30d6\u306f\u3001\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30a8\u30eb\u306e\u5075\u5bdf\u8005\u3092\u5b88\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5927\u304d\u306a\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3092\u793a\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30e2\u30a2\u30d6\u4eba\u306e\u30eb\u30c4\u306f\u9a5a\u304f\u3079\u304d\u5fe0\u8aa0\u5fc3\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3001\u30c0\u30d3\u30c7\u738b\u306e\u66fe\u7956\u6bcd\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30d0\u30c6\u30b7\u30d0\u306f\u3001\u30c0\u30d3\u30c7\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u5dfb\u304f\u72b6\u6cc1\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u30bd\u30ed\u30e2\u30f3\u306e\u6bcd\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3061\u308d\u3093\u30de\u30ea\u30a2\u306f\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u4e3b\u306e\u6bcd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u795e\u306e\u62db\u304d\u306b\u300c\u306f\u3044\u300d\u3068\u7b54\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f(Sinaga et al., 2022)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u5973\u6027\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u591a\u5c64\u7684\u306a\u610f\u5473\u3067\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u306b\u898b\u308c\u3070\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u795e\u306e\u6551\u3044\u306e\u8a08\u753b\u304c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u306a\u5883\u754c\u3092\u8d85\u8d8a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u5973\u6027\u305f\u3061\u306f\u591a\u69d8\u306a\u80cc\u666f\u3092\u6301\u3061\u3001\u4e2d\u306b\u306f\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3001\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u904e\u53bb\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u4eba\u3082\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u795e\u306f\u5f7c\u5973\u305f\u3061\u5168\u54e1\u3092\u901a\u3057\u3066\u50cd\u304b\u308c\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u306b\u898b\u308b\u3068\u3001\u7cfb\u56f3\u306b\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u5973\u6027\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u6df1\u3044\u80af\u5b9a\u611f\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3066\u304f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3001\u795e\u304c\u7537\u6027\u3082\u5973\u6027\u3082\u7b49\u3057\u304f\u5927\u5207\u306b\u3057\u3001\u4e21\u8005\u3092\u901a\u3057\u3066\u50cd\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3001\u795e\u306f\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u4eba\u751f\u306e\u6b69\u307f\u3092\u6301\u3064\u4eba\u3005\u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u904e\u53bb\u306f\u795e\u306e\u8a08\u753b\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u59a8\u3052\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6559\u3048\u3066\u304f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u5973\u6027\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u5f53\u6642\u306e\u5bb6\u7236\u9577\u5236\u7684\u306a\u898f\u7bc4\u306b\u6311\u6226\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3001\u30e1\u30b7\u30a2\u306e\u5230\u6765\u304c\u7537\u6027\u306e\u8840\u7d71\u306e\u307f\u3092\u901a\u3058\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5973\u6027\u306e\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u306a\u53c2\u52a0\u3082\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u5506\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5305\u62ec\u6027\u306f\u3001\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u304c\u305d\u306e\u5ba3\u6559\u6d3b\u52d5\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u8aac\u304d\u3001\u4f53\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u6025\u9032\u7684\u306a\u5e73\u7b49\u3092\u4e88\u5146\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u307e\u3067\u9061\u308a\u3001\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u30ce\u30a2\u3082\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u30eb\u30ab\u306e\u7cfb\u56f3\u306b\u306f\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u5973\u6027\u306e\u540d\u524d\u306f\u6319\u3052\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a00\u53ca\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306b\u300c\u4eba\u3005\u306e\u8003\u3048\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30e8\u30bb\u30d5\u306e\u5b50\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30de\u30ea\u30a2\u306e\u30e6\u30cb\u30fc\u30af\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u3053\u306e\u3055\u308a\u3052\u306a\u3044\u8a00\u53ca\u306f\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u6551\u3044\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u4e0a\u3067\u5973\u6027\u304c\u679c\u305f\u3057\u305f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u6539\u3081\u3066\u601d\u3044\u51fa\u3055\u305b\u3066\u304f\u308c\u307e\u3059(Eloff, 2004, pp. 75\u201387)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30ce\u30a2\u304b\u3089\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306b\u81f3\u308b\u7cfb\u56f3\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u5973\u6027\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u306f\u3001\u795e\u306e\u5305\u62ec\u7684\u306a\u611b\u3001\u6027\u5225\u3084\u80cc\u666f\u306b\u95a2\u4fc2\u306a\u304f\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u4eba\u3092\u901a\u3057\u3066\u50cd\u304f\u795e\u306e\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u6551\u6e08\u53f2\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5973\u6027\u306e\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u591a\u304f\u3092\u7269\u8a9e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u305f\u3061\u306e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5973\u6027\u306e\u8ca2\u732e\u3092\u8a8d\u3081\u3001\u79f0\u8cdb\u3057\u3001\u6027\u5225\u306b\u95a2\u4fc2\u306a\u304f\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u4eba\u304c\u795e\u306e\u7d99\u7d9a\u7684\u306a\u8d16\u3044\u306e\u696d\u306b\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u3001\u5927\u5207\u306b\u3055\u308c\u3001\u529b\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30ce\u30a2\u304b\u3089\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306b\u81f3\u308b\u7cfb\u56f3\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u4eca\u65e5\u306e\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3092\u6df1\u304f\u3057\u3001\u795e\u306e\u8aa0\u5b9f\u3055\u3001\u795e\u306e\u611b\u306e\u666e\u904d\u6027\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u795e\u306e\u58ee\u5927\u306a\u6551\u3044\u306e\u7269\u8a9e\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3065\u3051\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u6d1e\u5bdf\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3066\u304f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3053\u306e\u7cfb\u56f3\u306f\u3001\u4e16\u4ee3\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u305f\u795e\u306e\u63fa\u308b\u304e\u306a\u3044\u8aa0\u5b9f\u3055\u3092\u601d\u3044\u51fa\u3055\u305b\u3066\u304f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30ce\u30a2\u304b\u3089\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306b\u81f3\u308b\u307e\u3067\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u5931\u6557\u3084\u793e\u4f1a\u306e\u6fc0\u52d5\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u6b74\u53f2\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u5c55\u958b\u3055\u308c\u308b\u795e\u306e\u6551\u3044\u306e\u7d04\u675f\u3092\u76ee\u306e\u5f53\u305f\u308a\u306b\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u4eba\u751f\u3068\u6559\u4f1a\u306e\u672a\u6765\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u795e\u306e\u7d04\u675f\u3078\u306e\u4fe1\u983c\u3092\u5f37\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u73fe\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u3067\u56f0\u96e3\u306b\u76f4\u9762\u3059\u308b\u3068\u304d\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u4f55\u5343\u5e74\u3082\u306e\u9593\u8aa0\u5b9f\u3067\u3042\u308a\u7d9a\u3051\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3063\u305f\u795e\u306b\u4ed5\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u77e5\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u6170\u3081\u3068\u52c7\u6c17\u3092\u5f97\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059(Thompsett, 2004, pp. 9\u201318)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3053\u306e\u7cfb\u56f3\u306b\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u591a\u69d8\u6027\u306f\u3001\u795e\u306e\u611b\u3068\u6551\u3044\u306e\u8a08\u753b\u306e\u666e\u904d\u6027\u3092\u7269\u8a9e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3053\u306b\u306f\u3001\u7570\u306a\u308b\u56fd\u7c4d\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3001\u9053\u5fb3\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u3092\u6301\u3064\u4eba\u3005\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u591a\u69d8\u6027\u306f\u3001\u795e\u306e\u611b\u304c\u305d\u306e\u51fa\u81ea\u3084\u904e\u53bb\u306b\u95a2\u4fc2\u306a\u304f\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u4eba\u306b\u53ca\u3076\u3053\u3068\u3092\u601d\u3044\u51fa\u3055\u305b\u3066\u304f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u56fd\u7c4d\u3001\u4eba\u7a2e\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5206\u65ad\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u306a\u4e16\u754c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u3053\u306e\u7406\u89e3\u306f\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u304c\u81ea\u5206\u305f\u3061\u306e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3088\u308a\u5305\u62ec\u7684\u3067\u611b\u306b\u3042\u3075\u308c\u305f\u5b58\u5728\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3088\u3046\u4fc3\u3059\u3082\u306e\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059(Smit, 2010, pp. 191\u2013207)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u306b\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u81ea\u8eab\u3092\u3053\u306e\u58ee\u5927\u306a\u7269\u8a9e\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u898b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u5e30\u5c5e\u610f\u8b58\u3068\u76ee\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u500b\u3005\u306e\u7269\u8a9e\u304c\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u795e\u306e\u8d16\u3044\u306e\u696d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3088\u308a\u5927\u304d\u306a\u7269\u8a9e\u3068\u3064\u306a\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u601d\u3044\u51fa\u3055\u305b\u3066\u304f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u306a\u82e6\u95d8\u3084\u7591\u5ff5\u306e\u6642\u671f\u306b\u306f\u7279\u306b\u5fc3\u5f37\u3044\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7cfb\u56f3\u306b\u7fa9\u4eba\u3068\u7f6a\u4eba\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u5e0c\u671b\u3068\u52b1\u307e\u3057\u306e\u6e90\u3068\u306a\u308a\u5f97\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3001\u795e\u304c\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u4eba\u3005\u3092\u901a\u3057\u3066\u50cd\u304d\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u6b20\u70b9\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u795e\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5f7c\u3089\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u304c\u81ea\u5206\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u3055\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u795e\u304c\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u77e5\u308a\u3001\u7121\u4fa1\u5024\u3060\u3068\u3044\u3046\u611f\u60c5\u3092\u514b\u670d\u3057\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u305f\u3061\u306e\u4eba\u751f\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u795e\u306e\u547c\u3073\u304b\u3051\u306b\u5fdc\u3048\u308b\u3088\u3046\u4fc3\u3059\u52a9\u3051\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059(Sinaga et al., 2022)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u306b\u3001\u3053\u306e\u7cfb\u56f3\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u306e\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u7684\u30eb\u30fc\u30c4\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u611f\u8b1d\u3092\u6df1\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3001\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u304c\u4f55\u3082\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3053\u308d\u304b\u3089\u73fe\u308c\u305f\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u795e\u304c\u9078\u3070\u308c\u305f\u6c11\u306e\u9593\u3067\u4f55\u4e16\u7d00\u306b\u3082\u308f\u305f\u3063\u3066\u884c\u3063\u3066\u304d\u305f\u50cd\u304d\u306e\u96c6\u5927\u6210\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u601d\u3044\u51fa\u3055\u305b\u3066\u304f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u306e\u5144\u5f1f\u59c9\u59b9\u3068\u306e\u3088\u308a\u5927\u304d\u306a\u656c\u610f\u3068\u5bfe\u8a71\u3092\u4fc3\u9032\u3059\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30ce\u30a2\u304b\u3089\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306b\u81f3\u308b\u7cfb\u56f3\u306e\u5e83\u304c\u308a\u306f\u3001\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u4f7f\u547d\u306e\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u306a\u7bc4\u56f2\u3092\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30ce\u30a2\u306e\u5951\u7d04\u304c\u5168\u4eba\u985e\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306f\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u6551\u3044\u4e3b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6765\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u666e\u904d\u7684\u306a\u8996\u70b9\u306f\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u304c\u76ee\u5148\u306e\u95a2\u5fc3\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u3066\u8003\u3048\u3001\u6559\u4f1a\u306e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u306a\u4f7f\u547d\u306b\u3088\u308a\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u95a2\u4e0e\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u4fc3\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059(Tolan, 2018, pp. 530\u2013532)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6700\u5f8c\u306b\u3001\u3053\u306e\u7cfb\u56f3\u3092\u632f\u308a\u8fd4\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u3054\u81ea\u8eab\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u7406\u89e3\u3092\u6df1\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u3092\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u3057\u3063\u304b\u308a\u3068\u6839\u4ed8\u304b\u305b\u308b\u3068\u540c\u6642\u306b\u3001\u795e\u8056\u306a\u4f7f\u547d\u3092\u6307\u3057\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u4eba\u9593\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u795e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u3053\u306e\u4e8c\u91cd\u306e\u6027\u8cea\u306f\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u306e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6551\u3044\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3053\u306e\u7cfb\u56f3\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u81ea\u8eab\u3092\u795e\u306e\u7d99\u7d9a\u7684\u306a\u8d16\u3044\u306e\u7269\u8a9e\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u898b\u308b\u3088\u3046\u62db\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3001\u795e\u306e\u5b50\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u907a\u7523\u306b\u3075\u3055\u308f\u3057\u304f\u751f\u304d\u3001\u795e\u306e\u666e\u904d\u7684\u306a\u611b\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u3001\u795e\u306e\u8aa0\u5b9f\u3055\u3092\u4fe1\u983c\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3068\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306b\u6311\u6226\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u7406\u89e3\u304c\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u304c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3092\u3088\u308a\u6df1\u304f\u751f\u304d\u3001\u4eca\u65e5\u306e\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u4e16\u754c\u3067\u795e\u306e\u611b\u3092\u3088\u308a\u5e83\u304f\u5206\u304b\u3061\u5408\u3046\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30d4\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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\u3053\u306e\u5305\u62ec\u7684\u306a\u63a2\u6c42\u306f\u3001\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u306a\u7cfb\u8b5c\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u30ce\u30a2\u304b\u3089\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306b\u81f3\u308b\u4eba\u7269\u3092\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u3051\u308b\u9810\u8a00\u3001\u6d44\u5316\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u7d04\u675f\u306e\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u76f8\u4e92\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u00a0<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1794,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false},"categories":[39],"tags":[],"series":[],"class_list":["post-1793","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-christian-education"],"mb":[],"acf":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/christianpure.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/66224099bd838e0eb3f87d82_Jesuss-Lineage-Tracing-the-Generations-from-Noah-to-Jesus-1920.jpeg?fit=1920%2C1080&quality=80&ssl=1","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":1502,"url":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/ja\/learn\/noah-birth-bible-study\/","url_meta":{"origin":1793,"position":0},"title":"Bible Study: When and where was Noah Born?","author":"Christian Pure Team","date":"5\u6708 24, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Discover Noah's date of birth and the year he was born. 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