\u5341\u4e8c\u4f7f\u5f92\u306e\u6700\u671f\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u5927\u304d\u304f\u7570\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u65b0\u7d04\u8056\u66f8\u306f\u3001\u4f7f\u5f92\u305f\u3061\u306e\u6b7b\u3088\u308a\u3082\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u751f\u6daf\u3068\u5ba3\u6559\u6d3b\u52d5\u306b\u7126\u70b9\u3092\u5f53\u3066\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306a\u904b\u547d\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u793a\u5506\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30e8\u30cf\u30cd\u306b\u3088\u308b\u798f\u97f3\u66f814\u7ae02-3\u7bc0\u3067\u3001\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306f\u5f1f\u5b50\u305f\u3061\u306b\u3053\u3046\u8a9e\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u300c\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306e\u7236\u306e\u5bb6\u306b\u306f\u4f4f\u3080\u6240\u304c\u305f\u304f\u3055\u3093\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3082\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3001\u3042\u306a\u305f\u304c\u305f\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5834\u6240\u3092\u7528\u610f\u3057\u306b\u884c\u304f\u3068\u8a00\u3063\u305f\u3060\u308d\u3046\u304b\u3002\u884c\u3063\u3066\u3042\u306a\u305f\u304c\u305f\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5834\u6240\u3092\u7528\u610f\u3057\u305f\u3089\u3001\u623b\u3063\u3066\u6765\u3066\u3001\u3042\u306a\u305f\u304c\u305f\u3092\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306e\u3082\u3068\u306b\u8fce\u3048\u308b\u3002\u3053\u3046\u3057\u3066\u3001\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306e\u3044\u308b\u6240\u306b\u3001\u3042\u306a\u305f\u304c\u305f\u3082\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u300d\u3053\u306e\u7b87\u6240\u306f\u3001\u4f7f\u5f92\u3092\u542b\u3080\u5fe0\u5b9f\u306a\u5f1f\u5b50\u305f\u3061\u304c\u3001\u5929\u56fd\u3067\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u3068\u518d\u4f1a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u5506\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30e8\u30cf\u30cd\u306e\u9ed9\u793a\u933221\u7ae014\u7bc0\u306b\u306f\u3001\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u30a8\u30eb\u30b5\u30ec\u30e0\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3053\u3046\u8a18\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u300c\u90fd\u306e\u57ce\u58c1\u306b\u306f\u5341\u4e8c\u306e\u571f\u53f0\u77f3\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306b\u306f\u5c0f\u7f8a\u306e\u5341\u4e8c\u4f7f\u5f92\u306e\u5341\u4e8c\u306e\u540d\u304c\u523b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002\u300d\u3053\u306e\u8c61\u5fb4\u7684\u306a\u63cf\u5199\u306f\u3001\u4f7f\u5f92\u305f\u3061\u304c\u795e\u306e\u6c38\u9060\u306e\u738b\u56fd\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u7279\u5225\u306a\u5730\u4f4d\u3092\u5360\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8056\u66f8\u306b\u306f\u5404\u4f7f\u5f92\u306e\u904b\u547d\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8a73\u7d30\u306a\u8a18\u8ff0\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001\u521d\u671f\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u306e\u4f1d\u627f\u3084\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u8a18\u9332\u304c\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u8cc7\u6599\u306f\u3001\u4f7f\u5f92\u306e\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u304c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u6b89\u6559\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u5506\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6b7b\u306e\u8a73\u7d30\u306f\u5b66\u8005\u9593\u3067\u3082\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u8b70\u8ad6\u306e\u5bfe\u8c61\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059(Mcdowell, 2015)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304b\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u306e\u306f\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u4f1d\u627f\u306f\u610f\u7fa9\u6df1\u3044\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u304c\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u8a3c\u62e0\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7b49\u3057\u304f\u88cf\u4ed8\u3051\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002\u78ba\u4fe1\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u8a00\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u304c\u3001\u6b89\u6559\u3067\u3042\u308c\u751f\u6daf\u306b\u308f\u305f\u308b\u5949\u4ed5\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3001\u4f7f\u5f92\u305f\u3061\u304c\u6700\u5f8c\u307e\u3067\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u5fe0\u5b9f\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3068\u4fe1\u3058\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4f7f\u5f92\u30d1\u30a6\u30ed\u306f\u3001\u6700\u521d\u306e\u5341\u4e8c\u4f7f\u5f92\u306e\u4e00\u4eba\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u4fe1\u8005\u306e\u6b7b\u5f8c\u306e\u4e16\u754c\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u304a\u305d\u3089\u304f\u6700\u3082\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u8056\u66f8\u7684\u8996\u70b9\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30b3\u30ea\u30f3\u30c8\u306e\u4fe1\u5f92\u3078\u306e\u624b\u7d19\u4e8c5\u7ae08\u7bc0\u3067\u3001\u5f7c\u306f\u3053\u3046\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u300c\u308f\u305f\u3057\u305f\u3061\u306f\u78ba\u4fe1\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u3080\u3057\u308d\u4f53\u3092\u96e2\u308c\u3066\u3001\u4e3b\u306e\u3082\u3068\u306b\u4f4f\u3080\u3053\u3068\u3092\u671b\u3093\u3067\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u300d\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u30d1\u30a6\u30ed\u304c\u6b7b\u5f8c\u3059\u3050\u306b\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u5fa1\u524d\u306b\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u671f\u5f85\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u5506\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8056\u66f8\u306f\u3001\u6b7b\u5f8c\u306e\u5404\u4f7f\u5f92\u306e\u65c5\u8def\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a73\u7d30\u306a\u9053\u7b4b\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u5fe0\u5b9f\u3067\u3042\u308a\u7d9a\u3051\u308b\u8005\u304c\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u3068\u4e00\u3064\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5e0c\u671b\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3066\u304f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4f7f\u5f92\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u6559\u4f1a\u306e\u790e\u3068\u306a\u308b\u6307\u5c0e\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5ba3\u6559\u6d3b\u52d5\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u56f0\u96e3\u3084\u8feb\u5bb3\u306b\u76f4\u9762\u3059\u308b\u4e2d\u3067\u3001\u3053\u306e\u5e0c\u671b\u3092\u3057\u3063\u304b\u308a\u3068\u5fc3\u306b\u62b1\u3044\u3066\u3044\u305f\u306b\u9055\u3044\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3068\u5fcd\u8010\u306e\u6a21\u7bc4\u306b\u89e6\u767a\u3055\u308c\u3001\u4fe1\u3058\u308b\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u4eba\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u795e\u306e\u6c38\u9060\u306e\u547d\u306e\u7d04\u675f\u3092\u4fe1\u983c\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3053\u306e\u554f\u3044\u306f\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6df1\u304f\u6839\u4ed8\u3044\u305f\u4f1d\u7d71\u306b\u89e6\u308c\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5229\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u8a3c\u62e0\u3092\u614e\u91cd\u306b\u691c\u8a0e\u3057\u3066\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u307e\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30e8\u30cf\u30cd\u3092\u9664\u304f\u5341\u4e8c\u4f7f\u5f92\u5168\u54e1\u304c\u6b89\u6559\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4fe1\u5ff5\u306f\u3001\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u306e\u4f1d\u7d71\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5e83\u304f\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u8a3c\u62e0\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u305d\u306e\u72b6\u6cc1\u306f\u4f1d\u7d71\u304c\u793a\u5506\u3059\u308b\u307b\u3069\u5358\u7d14\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304c\u308f\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059(Mcdowell, 2015)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u307e\u305a\u3001\u65b0\u7d04\u8056\u66f8\u81ea\u4f53\u304c\u3001\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u306e\u4f7f\u5f92\u306e\u6b7b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u9650\u3089\u308c\u305f\u60c5\u5831\u3057\u304b\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a8d\u3081\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u30bc\u30d9\u30c0\u30a4\u306e\u5b50\u30e4\u30b3\u30d6\u306e\u6b89\u6559\uff08\u4f7f\u5f92\u8a00\u884c\u933212\u7ae02\u7bc0\uff09\u3084\u3001\u3082\u3061\u308d\u3093\u30a4\u30b9\u30ab\u30ea\u30aa\u30c6\u306e\u30e6\u30c0\u306e\u6700\u671f\uff08\u30de\u30bf\u30a4\u306b\u3088\u308b\u798f\u97f3\u66f827\u7ae03-5\u7bc0\u3001\u4f7f\u5f92\u8a00\u884c\u93321\u7ae018-19\u7bc0\uff09\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u8056\u66f8\u7684\u8a18\u8ff0\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4ed6\u306e\u4f7f\u5f92\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u6b7b\u5f8c\u6570\u4e16\u7d00\u3092\u7d4c\u3066\u767a\u5c55\u3057\u305f\u521d\u671f\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u306e\u8457\u4f5c\u3084\u4f1d\u627f\u306b\u983c\u3089\u3056\u308b\u3092\u5f97\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6b74\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070\u3001\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u4f7f\u5f92\u306e\u6b89\u6559\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u9ad8\u3044\u78ba\u4fe1\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u8a9e\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30da\u30c8\u30ed\u3001\u30d1\u30a6\u30ed\uff08\u5341\u4e8c\u4f7f\u5f92\u306e\u4e00\u4eba\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001\u4f7f\u5f92\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff09\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u30bc\u30d9\u30c0\u30a4\u306e\u5b50\u30e4\u30b3\u30d6\u306e\u6b89\u6559\u3092\u88cf\u4ed8\u3051\u308b\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u8a3c\u62e0\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u307e\u3059(Mcdowell, 2015)\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u6b7b\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u5dfb\u304f\u4f1d\u627f\u306f\u53e4\u304f\u3001\u4e00\u8cab\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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\u6b89\u6559\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6982\u5ff5\u304c\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5927\u304d\u306a\u610f\u5473\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002\u4fe1\u4ef0\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u6b7b\u3093\u3060\u4f7f\u5f92\u305f\u3061\u306e\u7269\u8a9e\u306f\u3001\u8feb\u5bb3\u306b\u76f4\u9762\u3059\u308b\u4fe1\u8005\u3092\u9f13\u821e\u3057\u3001\u5f37\u3081\u308b\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u8a3c\u62e0\u304c\u6b20\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u6b89\u6559\u306e\u4f1d\u627f\u304c\u767a\u5c55\u3057\u5e83\u307e\u308b\u4e00\u56e0\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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\u30bc\u30d9\u30c0\u30a4\u306e\u5b50\u3067\u3042\u308a\u30e4\u30b3\u30d6\u306e\u5144\u5f1f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30e8\u30cf\u30cd\u306f\u3001\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306e\u5ba3\u6559\u5f53\u6642\u3001\u5341\u4e8c\u4f7f\u5f92\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u6700\u3082\u82e5\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u65b0\u7d04\u8056\u66f8\u306f\u3001\u5f1f\u5b50\u305f\u3061\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u306e\u30e8\u30cf\u30cd\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u3084\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6d3b\u52d5\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u5f7c\u306e\u6b7b\u306e\u72b6\u6cc1\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u660e\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2\u4e16\u7d00\u306e\u30a4\u30ec\u30ca\u30a8\u30a6\u30b9\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8457\u8ff0\u5bb6\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8a18\u9332\u3055\u308c\u305f\u521d\u671f\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u306e\u4f1d\u627f\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30e8\u30cf\u30cd\u306f\u4ed6\u306e\u4f7f\u5f92\u305f\u3061\u3088\u308a\u3082\u9577\u751f\u304d\u3057\u3001\u9ad8\u9f62\u307e\u3067\u751f\u304d\u305f\u3068\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5f7c\u306f\u7d00\u5143100\u5e74\u9803\u3001\u30a8\u30d5\u30a7\u30bd\u30b9\u3067\u5b89\u3089\u304b\u306b\u4ea1\u304f\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3068\u8a00\u308f\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6b7b\u306e\u6642\u70b9\u306790\u6b73\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u3066\u3044\u305f\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059(Mcdowell, 2015)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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