\u8056\u66f8\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u3092\u6271\u3063\u305f\u6700\u3082\u6709\u540d\u306a\u7b87\u6240\u306f\u3001\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u306b\u6669\u5e74\u306e\u30bd\u30ed\u30e2\u30f3\u738b\u306e\u4f5c\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u300e\u30b3\u30d8\u30ec\u30c8\u306e\u8a00\u8449\u300f\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u3053\u306e\u66f8\u306f\u3001\u300c\u30b3\u30d8\u30ec\u30c8\u306f\u8a00\u3046\u3002\u7a7a\u306e\u7a7a\u3001\u7a7a\u306e\u7a7a\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306f\u7a7a\u300d\uff08\u30b3\u30d8\u30ec\u30c8\u306e\u8a00\u84491:2\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u529b\u5f37\u3044\u5ba3\u8a00\u304b\u3089\u59cb\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u3053\u3067\u8457\u8005\u306f\u5358\u306b\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u9ad8\u6162\u3092\u975e\u96e3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5730\u4e0a\u306e\u8ffd\u6c42\u3084\u5feb\u697d\u304c\u6301\u3064\u3001\u79fb\u308d\u3044\u3084\u3059\u304f\u7121\u610f\u5473\u306b\u601d\u3048\u308b\u6027\u8cea\u3092\u5606\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\uff08Gerstenberger, 2018\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u300e\u30b3\u30d8\u30ec\u30c8\u306e\u8a00\u8449\u300f\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u901a\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4eba\u751f\u306e\u77ed\u3055\u3068\u4e00\u898b\u3057\u305f\u7121\u610f\u5473\u3055\u306b\u7167\u3089\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4eba\u751f\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3092\u61f8\u547d\u306b\u63a2\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u59ff\u304c\u898b\u3066\u53d6\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u8457\u8005\u306f\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u306a\u6210\u529f\u3084\u5feb\u697d\u306e\u9053\u3092\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306b\u63a2\u6c42\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u7d50\u5c40\u306f\u305d\u308c\u3089\u304c\u300c\u7a7a\u306e\u7a7a\u3001\u98a8\u3092\u8ffd\u3046\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3082\u306e\u300d\uff08\u30b3\u30d8\u30ec\u30c8\u306e\u8a00\u84491:14\u30012:11\u30012:17\u306a\u3069\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u7e70\u308a\u8fd4\u3057\u7d50\u8ad6\u3065\u3051\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u300c\u7a7a\uff08\u865a\u6804\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a00\u8449\u306f\u3001\u795e\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u304b\u3089\u5207\u308a\u96e2\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8ffd\u6c42\u304c\u6301\u3064\u7a7a\u865a\u3055\u3068\u3001\u6e80\u305f\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3044\u6027\u8cea\u3092\u6307\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u8056\u66f8\u304c\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u3092\u6271\u3046\u65b9\u6cd5\u3092\u5358\u7d14\u5316\u3057\u3059\u304e\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3046\u6ce8\u610f\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u8a69\u7de8\u3084\u7bb4\u8a00\u306b\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u529b\u3084\u5bcc\u306b\u983c\u308b\u611a\u304b\u3055\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u8b66\u544a\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306f\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u306e\u4e00\u5f62\u614b\u3068\u307f\u306a\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u8a69\u7de839\u7de86-7\u7bc0\u306f\u3053\u3046\u5606\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u300c\u898b\u3088\u3001\u3042\u306a\u305f\u306f\u79c1\u306e\u65e5\u3092\u624b\u306e\u5e45\u307b\u3069\u306b\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u79c1\u306e\u5bff\u547d\u306f\u3042\u306a\u305f\u306e\u524d\u3067\u306f\u7121\u306b\u7b49\u3057\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u78ba\u304b\u306b\u3001\u4eba\u306f\u7686\u3001\u606f\u306b\u904e\u304e\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u4eba\u306f\u5f71\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u6b69\u304d\u56de\u308a\u3001\u3080\u306a\u3057\u304f\u9a12\u304e\u7acb\u3066\u3001\u5bcc\u3092\u84c4\u3048\u3066\u3082\u3001\u8ab0\u304c\u96c6\u3081\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3082\u77e5\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u65b0\u7d04\u8056\u66f8\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306f\u5c71\u4e0a\u306e\u8aac\u6559\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u306e\u5371\u967a\u6027\u3092\u8b66\u544a\u3057\u3001\u4eba\u306b\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4eba\u524d\u3067\u7fa9\u3092\u884c\u308f\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3046\u5f1f\u5b50\u305f\u3061\u3092\u6212\u3081\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff08\u30de\u30bf\u30a4\u306b\u3088\u308b\u798f\u97f3\u66f86:1-18\uff09\u3002\u4f7f\u5f92\u30d1\u30a6\u30ed\u306f\u624b\u7d19\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3001\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u306a\u77e5\u6075\u306e\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u3068\u3001\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u898b\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u308b\u771f\u306e\u77e5\u6075\u3092\u983b\u7e41\u306b\u5bfe\u6bd4\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff08\u30b3\u30ea\u30f3\u30c8\u306e\u4fe1\u5f92\u3078\u306e\u624b\u7d19\u4e00 1:20-25\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u7b87\u6240\u3092\u8003\u5bdf\u3059\u308b\u306b\u3042\u305f\u308a\u3001\u8056\u66f8\u304c\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u3092\u6271\u3046\u306e\u306f\u5358\u306b\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u5f31\u3055\u3092\u975e\u96e3\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u899a\u3048\u3066\u304a\u304d\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u3080\u3057\u308d\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u5275\u9020\u4e3b\u3068\u306e\u611b\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u771f\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3068\u5145\u8db3\u611f\u3092\u898b\u51fa\u3059\u305f\u3081\u306e\u62db\u304d\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u8056\u66f8\u306f\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u4fa1\u5024\u306f\u81ea\u5206\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u696d\u7e3e\u3084\u5916\u898b\u304b\u3089\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u795e\u306e\u4f3c\u59ff\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5275\u9020\u3055\u308c\u3001\u795e\u306b\u611b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8b\u5b9f\u304b\u3089\u6765\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u601d\u3044\u51fa\u3055\u305b\u3066\u304f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30bd\u30fc\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u30e1\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u3084\u6d88\u8cbb\u6587\u5316\u304c\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u3092\u717d\u308b\u73fe\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u8056\u66f8\u306e\u6559\u3048\u306f\u4f9d\u7136\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6df1\u304f\u95a2\u9023\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306f\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306b\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u5fc3\u3092\u541f\u5473\u3057\u3001\u3069\u3053\u306b\u4fe1\u983c\u3092\u7f6e\u304d\u3001\u3069\u3053\u306b\u30a2\u30a4\u30c7\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30c6\u30a3\u3092\u898b\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u8003\u3048\u308b\u3088\u3046\u547c\u3073\u304b\u3051\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u81ea\u5206\u81ea\u8eab\u3084\u4ed6\u4eba\u3092\u53b3\u3057\u304f\u88c1\u304f\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u795e\u306e\u6075\u307f\u3078\u306e\u611f\u8b1d\u3068\u3001\u771f\u306e\u611b\u3068\u5949\u4ed5\u306e\u4eba\u751f\u3092\u751f\u304d\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u65b0\u305f\u306a\u6c7a\u610f\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3001\u3053\u306e\u77e5\u6075\u306b\u8033\u3092\u50be\u3051\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u65e7\u7d04\u8056\u66f8\u3001\u7279\u306b\u300e\u30b3\u30d8\u30ec\u30c8\u306e\u8a00\u8449\u300f\u3084\u300e\u7bb4\u8a00\u300f\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u77e5\u6075\u6587\u5b66\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u306f\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u611a\u304b\u3055\u3084\u8aa4\u3063\u305f\u751f\u304d\u65b9\u306e\u4e00\u5f62\u614b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u300c\u865a\u6804\u300d\u3068\u8a33\u3055\u308c\u308b\u30d8\u30d6\u30e9\u30a4\u8a9e\u306e\u300c\u30d8\u30d9\u30eb\u300d\u306f\u3001\u300e\u30b3\u30d8\u30ec\u30c8\u306e\u8a00\u8449\u300f\u3092\u4e2d\u5fc3\u306b\u983b\u7e41\u306b\u767b\u5834\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u306b\u7f6a\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u7e41\u6804\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u795e\u306e\u5fa1\u5fc3\u306b\u53cd\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u63cf\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\uff08Debel, 2011, pp. 39\u201351\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u65b0\u7d04\u8056\u66f8\u306b\u306f\u3001\u300c\u865a\u6804\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a00\u8449\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u304f\u3066\u3082\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u304c\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u3068\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u614b\u5ea6\u3084\u884c\u52d5\u3092\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u975e\u96e3\u3059\u308b\u6559\u3048\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u5c71\u4e0a\u306e\u8aac\u6559\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3001\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306f\u4eba\u306b\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u7fa9\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8b66\u544a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff08\u30de\u30bf\u30a4\u306b\u3088\u308b\u798f\u97f3\u66f86:1-18\uff09\u3002\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306f\u300c\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a00\u8449\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001\u5f7c\u304c\u63cf\u5199\u3059\u308b\u614b\u5ea6\u306f\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u304c\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3068\u5bc6\u63a5\u306b\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4f7f\u5f92\u30d1\u30a6\u30ed\u306f\u624b\u7d19\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3001\u300c\u4e16\u306e\u77e5\u6075\u300d\u3068\u795e\u306e\u77e5\u6075\u3092\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u5bfe\u6bd4\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff08\u30b3\u30ea\u30f3\u30c8\u306e\u4fe1\u5f92\u3078\u306e\u624b\u7d19\u4e00 1:20-25\uff09\u3002\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u304c\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u3068\u547c\u3076\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u542b\u3080\u3053\u306e\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u306a\u77e5\u6075\u306f\u3001\u795e\u306e\u9053\u306b\u53cd\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30ac\u30e9\u30c6\u30e4\u306e\u4fe1\u5f92\u3078\u306e\u624b\u7d195\u7ae026\u7bc0\u3067\u3001\u30d1\u30a6\u30ed\u306f\u4fe1\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306b\u300c\u3046\u306c\u307c\u308c\u3066\u3001\u4e92\u3044\u306b\u6311\u767a\u3057\u5408\u3044\u3001\u4e92\u3044\u306b\u306d\u305f\u307f\u5408\u3063\u3066\u306f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u300d\u3068\u52e7\u3081\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306f\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u306e\u5074\u9762\u306b\u95a2\u308f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u521d\u671f\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u306e\u4f1d\u7d71\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u306f\u3088\u308a\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u7f6a\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5206\u985e\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u7802\u6f20\u306e\u6559\u7236\u305f\u3061\u3084\u5f8c\u306e\u795e\u5b66\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u8056\u66f8\u306e\u30c6\u30fc\u30de\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304d\u3001\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u3084\u865a\u6804\uff08vainglory\uff09\u3092\u4e03\u3064\u306e\u5927\u7f6a\u3084\u60aa\u5fb3\u306e\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u52a0\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u5927\u6559\u7687\u30b0\u30ec\u30b4\u30ea\u30a6\u30b9\u306f\u3001\u5f7c\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u306e\u3042\u308b\u4e03\u3064\u306e\u5927\u7f6a\u306e\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u865a\u6804\u3092\u542b\u3081\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\uff08Zhukovskaia, 2022\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u521d\u671f\u306e\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u305f\u3061\u304c\u3001\u904e\u5ea6\u306a\u81ea\u5df1\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027\u3068\u5916\u90e8\u304b\u3089\u306e\u627f\u8a8d\u306e\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u304c\u6301\u3064\u7834\u58ca\u7684\u306a\u529b\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u305d\u306e\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u3092\u76f4\u611f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306f\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u8208\u5473\u6df1\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002\u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u306f\u3001\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u304c\u30e1\u30f3\u30bf\u30eb\u30d8\u30eb\u30b9\u3084\u4eba\u9593\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u60aa\u5f71\u97ff\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u6d1e\u5bdf\u306e\u591a\u304f\u3092\u88cf\u4ed8\u3051\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u306b\u3001\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u304c\u7f6a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7406\u89e3\u304c\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u601d\u60f3\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u767a\u5c55\u3057\u3066\u304d\u305f\u304b\u304c\u308f\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u8056\u66f8\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u7f6a\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u306f\u8b19\u905c\u3001\u611b\u3001\u795e\u3078\u306e\u4fe1\u983c\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u306e\u5fb3\u306b\u53cd\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u307e\u3059\u307e\u3059\u8a8d\u8b58\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u3092\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u7f6a\u3068\u30e9\u30d9\u30eb\u4ed8\u3051\u3059\u308b\u8056\u53e5\u3092\u6307\u6458\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001\u8056\u66f8\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u901a\u3057\u3066\u3001\u904e\u5ea6\u306a\u9ad8\u6162\u3001\u81ea\u5df1\u9676\u9154\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u306a\u5730\u4f4d\u3078\u306e\u4f9d\u5b58\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u308b\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u306f\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u4eba\u751f\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u795e\u306e\u5fa1\u5fc3\u306b\u53cd\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u304c\u898b\u3066\u53d6\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u611a\u304b\u3067\u7a7a\u865a\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306b\u306f\u795e\u3084\u4ed6\u8005\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u7834\u58ca\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u63cf\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u65e7\u7d04\u8056\u66f8\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u300c\u865a\u6804\u300d\u3068\u6700\u3082\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306b\u8a33\u3055\u308c\u308b\u30d8\u30d6\u30e9\u30a4\u8a9e\u306f\u300c\u30d8\u30d9\u30eb\u300d\u3067\u3059\u3002\u300e\u30b3\u30d8\u30ec\u30c8\u306e\u8a00\u8449\u300f\u306e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3053\u306e\u8a00\u8449\u306f\u3001\u300c\u84b8\u6c17\u300d\u300c\u606f\u300d\u300c\u7121\u610f\u5473\u3055\u300d\u306a\u3069\u3001\u5e45\u5e83\u3044\u610f\u5473\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\uff08Debel, 2011, pp. 39\u201351\uff09\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u8056\u66f8\u7684\u306a\u6587\u8108\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u306f\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u3001\u795e\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u304b\u3089\u5207\u308a\u96e2\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5730\u4e0a\u306e\u8ffd\u6c42\u3084\u5feb\u697d\u304c\u6301\u3064\u3001\u79fb\u308d\u3044\u3084\u3059\u304f\u5b9f\u4f53\u306e\u306a\u3044\u6027\u8cea\u3092\u6307\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u300e\u30b3\u30d8\u30ec\u30c8\u306e\u8a00\u8449\u300f\u306e\u8457\u8005\u306f\u3001\u300c\u7a7a\u306e\u7a7a\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306f\u7a7a\u300d\uff08\u30b3\u30d8\u30ec\u30c8\u306e\u8a00\u84491:2\uff09\u3068\u5ba3\u8a00\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u3053\u3067\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u306f\u3001\u6c38\u9060\u306e\u8996\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u898b\u305f\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u52aa\u529b\u306e\u7121\u76ca\u3055\u3068\u7a7a\u865a\u3055\u3092\u8868\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u795e\u304b\u3089\u96e2\u308c\u305f\u4eba\u751f\u306e\u7121\u610f\u5473\u3055\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u529b\u5f37\u3044\u5b9f\u5b58\u7684\u306a\u5ba3\u8a00\u3067\u3059\u3002\uff08Gerstenberger, 2018\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u8056\u66f8\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u306f\u3053\u306e\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u610f\u5473\u306b\u9650\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u300e\u7bb4\u8a00\u300f\u3084\u300e\u8a69\u7de8\u300f\u3067\u306f\u3001\u611a\u304b\u306a\u81ea\u5df1\u4fe1\u983c\u3084\u8aa4\u3063\u305f\u4fe1\u983c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u306b\u51fa\u4f1a\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u8a69\u7de839\u7de87\u7bc0\u306f\u3053\u3046\u5606\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u300c\u78ba\u304b\u306b\u3001\u4eba\u306f\u5f71\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u6b69\u304d\u56de\u308a\u3001\u3080\u306a\u3057\u304f\u9a12\u304e\u7acb\u3066\u3001\u5bcc\u3092\u84c4\u3048\u3066\u3082\u3001\u8ab0\u304c\u96c6\u3081\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3082\u77e5\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\uff01\u300d\u3053\u3053\u3067\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u306f\u3001\u4e00\u77ac\u3067\u6d88\u3048\u53bb\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u306e\u3042\u308b\u5bcc\u3084\u5730\u4f4d\u3092\u4fe1\u983c\u3059\u308b\u611a\u304b\u3055\u3092\u5305\u542b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u306b\u3001\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u795e\u5b66\u304c\u767a\u5c55\u3059\u308b\u306b\u3064\u308c\u3066\u3001\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u306f\u9ad8\u6162\u3084\u81ea\u5df1\u611b\u3068\u3088\u308a\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u4ed8\u3051\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u7802\u6f20\u306e\u6559\u7236\u305f\u3061\u3084\u4e2d\u4e16\u306e\u795e\u5b66\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u865a\u6804\u3084\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u3092\u4e03\u3064\u306e\u5927\u7f6a\u306e\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u542b\u3081\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\uff08Zhukovskaia, 2022\uff09\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u904e\u5ea6\u306a\u81ea\u5df1\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u970a\u7684\u304b\u3064\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u306b\u7834\u58ca\u7684\u306b\u306a\u308a\u5f97\u308b\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7406\u89e3\u304c\u6df1\u307e\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u53cd\u6620\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u8056\u66f8\u7684\u306a\u6587\u8108\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u3092\u3001\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u95a2\u9023\u3059\u308b\u6982\u5ff5\u3092\u5305\u542b\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8056\u66f8\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u3053\u306e\u91cd\u5c64\u7684\u306a\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u306e\u7406\u89e3\u306f\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u72b6\u614b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u529b\u5f37\u3044\u6d1e\u5bdf\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3066\u304f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u610f\u5473\u3068\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u6df1\u3044\u61a7\u308c\u3092\u8a9e\u308b\u3068\u540c\u6642\u306b\u3001\u9593\u9055\u3063\u305f\u5834\u6240\u306b\u5145\u8db3\u611f\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u751f\u3058\u308b\u7a7a\u865a\u3055\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8b66\u544a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3053\u306e\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u3078\u306e\u7406\u89e3\u304c\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u3092\u53b3\u3057\u3044\u88c1\u304d\u3078\u3068\u5c0e\u304f\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u795e\u306e\u6075\u307f\u306b\u7167\u3089\u3057\u3066\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u672c\u6027\u306e\u8907\u96d1\u3055\u3092\u6b69\u3080\u4e2d\u3067\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u81ea\u8eab\u3084\u4ed6\u8005\u3078\u306e\u601d\u3044\u3084\u308a\u3078\u3068\u5c0e\u3044\u3066\u304f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u9ad8\u6162\u306f\u3001\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u610f\u5473\u3067\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u696d\u7e3e\u3001\u8cc7\u8cea\u3001\u6240\u6709\u7269\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u6e80\u8db3\u611f\u3084\u559c\u3073\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7406\u89e3\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u8056\u66f8\u306f\u3053\u306e\u9ad8\u6162\u306e\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u5074\u9762\u3092\u8a8d\u3081\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u30d1\u30a6\u30ed\u304c\u30b3\u30ea\u30f3\u30c8\u306e\u6559\u4f1a\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u300c\u8a87\u308a\u300d\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a9e\u308b\u6642\u306a\u3069\u304c\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059\uff08\u30b3\u30ea\u30f3\u30c8\u306e\u4fe1\u5f92\u3078\u306e\u624b\u7d19\u4e8c 7:4\uff09\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u9ad8\u6162\u306f\u3088\u308a\u591a\u304f\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u904e\u5ea6\u306a\u81ea\u5c0a\u5fc3\u3001\u50b2\u6162\u306a\u614b\u5ea6\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u81ea\u5206\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3092\u8a87\u5f35\u3057\u305f\u611f\u899a\u3092\u6307\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u9ad8\u6162\u306f\u8056\u66f8\u3067\u4e00\u8cab\u3057\u3066\u975e\u96e3\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u7bb4\u8a0016\u7ae018\u7bc0\u306f\u300c\u9ad8\u6162\u306f\u7834\u6ec5\u306b\u5148\u7acb\u3061\u3001\u50b2\u6162\u306a\u970a\u306f\u8ee2\u5012\u306b\u5148\u7acb\u3064\u300d\u3068\u6709\u540d\u306b\u5ba3\u8a00\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u304c\u8b70\u8ad6\u3057\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u306f\u7a7a\u865a\u3055\u3001\u7121\u76ca\u3055\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u79fb\u308d\u3044\u3084\u3059\u3044\u3082\u306e\u3078\u306e\u8aa4\u3063\u305f\u7126\u70b9\u3068\u3088\u308a\u5bc6\u63a5\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u9ad8\u6162\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u542b\u3080\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u8056\u66f8\u7684\u306a\u610f\u5473\u3067\u306e\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u306f\u3001\u300e\u30b3\u30d8\u30ec\u30c8\u306e\u8a00\u8449\u300f\u306b\u4f8b\u793a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u795e\u304b\u3089\u96e2\u308c\u305f\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u52aa\u529b\u306e\u7121\u76ca\u3055\u3092\u6307\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002\uff08Debel, 2011, pp. 39\u201351\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u306b\u8a00\u3048\u3070\u3001\u9ad8\u6162\u306f\u81ea\u5df1\u4fa1\u5024\u611f\u3084\u696d\u7e3e\u3068\u3088\u308a\u95a2\u9023\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u306f\u5916\u90e8\u304b\u3089\u306e\u627f\u8a8d\u3084\u5916\u898b\u306b\u3088\u308a\u7126\u70b9\u3092\u5f53\u3066\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8a00\u3048\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u9ad8\u6162\u306f\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u696d\u7e3e\u3092\u81ea\u6162\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u306f\u4ed6\u8005\u304b\u3089\u306e\u8cde\u8cdb\u3092\u7d76\u3048\u305a\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u99c6\u308a\u7acb\u3066\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8208\u5473\u6df1\u3044\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3001\u6700\u8fd1\u306e\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u306f\u3001\u9ad8\u6162\u306b\u306f\u300c\u771f\u6b63\u306a\u9ad8\u6162\u300d\u3068\u300c\u50b2\u6162\u306a\u9ad8\u6162\u300d\u306e2\u7a2e\u985e\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u533a\u5225\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u306a\u9ad8\u6162\u306f\u771f\u306e\u696d\u7e3e\u3068\u95a2\u9023\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u9069\u5fdc\u7684\u306b\u306a\u308a\u5f97\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u50b2\u6162\u306a\u9ad8\u6162\u306f\u50b2\u6162\u3055\u3084\u30ca\u30eb\u30b7\u30b7\u30ba\u30e0\u3068\u3088\u308a\u5bc6\u63a5\u306b\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\uff08Kusano, 2021\uff09\u3053\u306e\u9ad8\u6162\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u5fae\u5999\u306a\u7406\u89e3\u306f\u3001\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u9ad8\u6162\u3068\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u9ad8\u6162\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u3092\u8a8d\u3081\u308b\u8056\u66f8\u7684\u306a\u8996\u70b9\u3068\u3088\u304f\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u306f\u8056\u66f8\u7684\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u6587\u8108\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u3067\u3001\u3088\u308a\u4e00\u8cab\u3057\u3066\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u306b\u898b\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3001\u3088\u308a\u5b9f\u8cea\u7684\u306a\u8cc7\u8cea\u3092\u72a0\u7272\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u5916\u898b\u3084\u516c\u7684\u306a\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u904e\u5ea6\u306a\u61f8\u5ff5\u3068\u95a2\u9023\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\uff08Galvagni, 2020\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u306e\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u4f1d\u7d71\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u9ad8\u6162\u306f\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u7f6a\u306e\u6839\u6e90\u3001\u3064\u307e\u308a\u795e\u304b\u3089\u81ea\u5df1\u3078\u3068\u5411\u304b\u3046\u6839\u672c\u7684\u306a\u8ee2\u63db\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u8056\u30a2\u30a6\u30b0\u30b9\u30c6\u30a3\u30cc\u30b9\u306f\u3001\u9ad8\u6162\u3092\u7f6a\u306e\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u306a\u6027\u8cea\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u306f\u6df1\u523b\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306b\u306f\u9ad8\u6162\u306e\u6839\u6e90\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u73fe\u308c\u3084\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u898b\u306a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u3042\u307e\u308a\u53b3\u683c\u306a\u533a\u5225\u3092\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3046\u6ce8\u610f\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u306f\u3001\u9ad8\u6162\u3068\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u306f\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u91cd\u306a\u308a\u5408\u3044\u3001\u4e92\u3044\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3057\u5408\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u696d\u7e3e\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u8a87\u308a\u306f\u3001\u4ed6\u4eba\u304c\u305d\u306e\u696d\u7e3e\u3092\u3069\u3046\u8a8d\u8b58\u3059\u308b\u304b\u306b\u904e\u5ea6\u306b\u96c6\u4e2d\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3068\u3001\u7c21\u5358\u306b\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u3078\u3068\u6ed1\u308a\u843d\u3061\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u304c\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304d\u305f\u304b\u3092\u305f\u3069\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u8208\u5473\u6df1\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002\u7802\u6f20\u306e\u6559\u7236\u305f\u3061\u3084\u4e2d\u4e16\u306e\u795e\u5b66\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u60aa\u5fb3\u306e\u7570\u306a\u308a\u3064\u3064\u3082\u95a2\u9023\u3059\u308b\u6027\u8cea\u3092\u8a8d\u8b58\u3057\u3001\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u9ad8\u6162\u3068\u865a\u6804\uff08\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u3068\u5bc6\u63a5\u306b\u95a2\u9023\uff09\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u3092\u4e03\u3064\u306e\u5927\u7f6a\u306e\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u542b\u3081\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\uff08Zhukovskaia, 2022\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u9ad8\u6162\u3068\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u306f\u5bc6\u63a5\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u9055\u3044\u3092\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8981\u7d04\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u306e\u4f1d\u7d71\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u306a\u305c\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u304c\u7f6a\u6df1\u3044\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3092\u8003\u5bdf\u3059\u308b\u306b\u3042\u305f\u308a\u3001\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u53b3\u5bc6\u3055\u3068\u7267\u4f1a\u7684\u306a\u611f\u53d7\u6027\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3053\u306e\u554f\u3044\u306b\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u3092\u7f6a\u6df1\u3044\u3068\u3059\u308b\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u306e\u7406\u89e3\u306f\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u6027\u3001\u795e\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u5275\u9020\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u5305\u62ec\u7684\u306a\u898b\u65b9\u306b\u6839\u3056\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u306f\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u512a\u5148\u9806\u4f4d\u3068\u30a2\u30a4\u30c7\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30c6\u30a3\u306e\u6839\u672c\u7684\u306a\u4e0d\u6574\u5408\u3092\u8868\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u7f6a\u6df1\u3044\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u306e\u4e16\u754c\u89b3\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u306a\u30a2\u30a4\u30c7\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30c6\u30a3\u3068\u4fa1\u5024\u306f\u3001\u795e\u306e\u4f3c\u59ff\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5275\u9020\u3055\u308c\u3001\u795e\u306b\u611b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u6765\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5bfe\u7167\u7684\u306b\u3001\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u306f\u79fb\u308d\u3044\u3084\u3059\u3044\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u306a\u6e90\u304b\u3089\u627f\u8a8d\u3068\u4fa1\u5024\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u5916\u898b\u3001\u5730\u4f4d\u3001\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u306a\u6210\u529f\u306b\u4e0d\u5f53\u306a\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3092\u7f6e\u304d\u3001\u795e\u3068\u96a3\u4eba\u3092\u611b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u771f\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u304b\u3089\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u3092\u9038\u3089\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\uff08Fair, 2001\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3053\u306e\u4e0d\u6574\u5408\u306f\u300e\u30b3\u30d8\u30ec\u30c8\u306e\u8a00\u8449\u300f\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u9bae\u3084\u304b\u306b\u63cf\u304b\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u306a\u5feb\u697d\u3084\u696d\u7e3e\u306e\u8ffd\u6c42\u306f\u7e70\u308a\u8fd4\u3057\u300c\u7a7a\u306e\u7a7a\u3001\u98a8\u3092\u8ffd\u3046\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3082\u306e\u300d\uff08\u30b3\u30d8\u30ec\u30c8\u306e\u8a00\u84491:14\u30012:11\u30012:17\uff09\u3068\u5ba3\u8a00\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u8457\u8005\u306e\u7d50\u8ad6\u306f\u3001\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u89e3\u6bd2\u5264\u3092\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306b\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u300c\u795e\u3092\u754f\u308c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6212\u3081\u3092\u5b88\u308c\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3053\u305d\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u3059\u3079\u3066\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\uff08\u30b3\u30d8\u30ec\u30c8\u306e\u8a00\u844912:13\uff09\u3002\uff08Gerstenberger, 2018\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u81ea\u8eab\u3068\u4ed6\u4eba\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u3092\u6b3a\u304f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001\u7f6a\u6df1\u3044\u3068\u307f\u306a\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u306e\u5f37\u3044\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u8cde\u8cdb\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u3066\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u6df1\u304f\u4f5c\u308a\u4e0a\u3052\u3089\u308c\u305f\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u4e16\u754c\u306b\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u5c71\u4e0a\u306e\u8aac\u6559\u3067\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u304c\u8b66\u544a\u3057\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306a\u507d\u5584\u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\uff08\u30de\u30bf\u30a4\u306b\u3088\u308b\u798f\u97f3\u66f86:1-18\uff09\u3002\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u306b\u3001\u3053\u306e\u507d\u308a\u306e\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u7d76\u3048\u9593\u306a\u3044\u52aa\u529b\u306f\u3001\u500b\u4eba\u306e\u30e1\u30f3\u30bf\u30eb\u30d8\u30eb\u30b9\u3084\u771f\u306e\u4eba\u9593\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u6df1\u304f\u30c0\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u306f\u5076\u50cf\u5d07\u62dd\u306e\u4e00\u5f62\u614b\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u81ea\u5206\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u3084\u696d\u7e3e\u306b\u904e\u5ea6\u306a\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3092\u7f6e\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u4e8b\u5b9f\u4e0a\u81ea\u5206\u81ea\u8eab\u3092\u5076\u50cf\u3068\u3057\u3066\u636e\u3048\u3001\u795e\u306e\u307f\u306b\u5c5e\u3059\u3079\u304d\u5834\u6240\u3092\u596a\u3044\u53d6\u3063\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u3092\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u6212\u3081\u3001\u300c\u3042\u306a\u305f\u306b\u306f\u3001\u308f\u305f\u3057\u306e\u307b\u304b\u306b\u3001\u307b\u304b\u306e\u795e\u3005\u304c\u3042\u3063\u3066\u306f\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u300d\uff08\u51fa\u30a8\u30b8\u30d7\u30c8\u8a1820:3\uff09\u3068\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u3051\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u8056\u66f8\u306e\u30c6\u30fc\u30de\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u305f\u521d\u671f\u306e\u6559\u7236\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u307e\u3055\u306b\u305d\u306e\u5076\u50cf\u5d07\u62dd\u7684\u306a\u6027\u8cea\u3086\u3048\u306b\u3001\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u3084\u865a\u6804\u3092\u4e03\u3064\u306e\u5927\u7f6a\u306e\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u542b\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3088\u304f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\uff08Zhukovskaia, 2022\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u306f\u771f\u306e\u611b\u3068\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u3092\u59a8\u3052\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u7f6a\u6df1\u3044\u3068\u307f\u306a\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u81ea\u5206\u81ea\u8eab\u3068\u5916\u898b\u306b\u904e\u5ea6\u306b\u96c6\u4e2d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u306e\u5f37\u3044\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u502b\u7406\u306e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u306b\u3042\u308b\u81ea\u5df1\u72a0\u7272\u7684\u306a\u611b\u3092\u5b9f\u8df5\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306b\u82e6\u52b4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30b3\u30ea\u30f3\u30c8\u306e\u4fe1\u5f92\u3078\u306e\u624b\u7d19\u4e00 13\u7ae0\u306b\u3042\u308b\u30d1\u30a6\u30ed\u306e\u7f8e\u3057\u3044\u611b\u306e\u63cf\u5199\u306f\u3001\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u306e\u81ea\u5df1\u9676\u9154\u3068\u306f\u5bfe\u7167\u7684\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u306b\u898b\u3066\u3001\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u3092\u7f6a\u6df1\u3044\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3059\u308b\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u7684\u306a\u7406\u89e3\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u6642\u9593\u3092\u304b\u3051\u3066\u767a\u5c55\u3057\u3066\u304d\u305f\u304b\u304c\u308f\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7802\u6f20\u306e\u6559\u7236\u305f\u3061\u3084\u4e2d\u4e16\u306e\u795e\u5b66\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u8056\u66f8\u306e\u6559\u3048\u3068\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u970a\u7684\u306a\u7d4c\u9a13\u3092\u7701\u307f\u308b\u4e2d\u3067\u3001\u970a\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u306e\u7834\u58ca\u7684\u306a\u529b\u3092\u8a8d\u8b58\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u4ed6\u306e\u7f6a\u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308a\u3001\u771f\u306e\u970a\u7684\u6210\u9577\u3092\u59a8\u3052\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u898b\u629c\u3044\u3066\u3044\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\uff08Zhukovskaia, 2022\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u53e4\u4ee3\u306e\u6d1e\u5bdf\u304c\u3001\u30ca\u30eb\u30b7\u30b7\u30ba\u30e0\u3084\u305d\u308c\u304c\u500b\u4eba\u306e\u5e78\u798f\u3084\u793e\u4f1a\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u60aa\u5f71\u97ff\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u7406\u89e3\u3068\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u9a5a\u304f\u3079\u304d\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u306b\u3088\u308b\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u3078\u306e\u6279\u5224\u306f\u3001\u5358\u306b\u6063\u610f\u7684\u306a\u9053\u5fb3\u7684\u898f\u5247\u3092\u62bc\u3057\u4ed8\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u771f\u306e\u4eba\u9593\u7684\u7e41\u6804\u3092\u4fc3\u9032\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3042\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u3092\u7f6a\u6df1\u3044\u3068\u3059\u308b\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u306e\u898b\u65b9\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u5df1\u5acc\u60aa\u3084\u5916\u898b\u3084\u624d\u80fd\u3092\u8efd\u8996\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3080\u3057\u308d\u3001\u795e\u306e\u611b\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u771f\u306e\u4fa1\u5024\u3092\u898b\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u8cdc\u7269\u3092\u81ea\u5df1\u9855\u793a\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u4ed6\u8005\u3078\u306e\u5949\u4ed5\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u7528\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u62db\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306f\u3001\u8b19\u905c\u3001\u7121\u79c1\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u9ad8\u6162\u306e\u5371\u967a\u6027\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u6559\u3048\u3092\u901a\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4e3b\u306b\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u306e\u554f\u984c\u306b\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u307f\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u306f\u300c\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u8a00\u8449\u3092\u983b\u7e41\u306b\u306f\u4f7f\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u306f\u4e00\u8cab\u3057\u3066\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u5916\u898b\u3001\u5730\u4f4d\u3001\u696d\u7e3e\u3078\u306e\u904e\u5ea6\u306a\u57f7\u7740\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u8b66\u544a\u3092\u767a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff08Gowler, 2019; Wurfel, 2016\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5c71\u4e0a\u306e\u5782\u8a13\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3001\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306f\u4eba\u306b\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4eba\u524d\u3067\u7fa9\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300c\u4eba\u306b\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u4eba\u524d\u3067\u5584\u884c\u3092\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3046\u306b\u6ce8\u610f\u3057\u306a\u3055\u3044\u3002\u305d\u3046\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3001\u5929\u306b\u304a\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3042\u306a\u305f\u304c\u305f\u306e\u7236\u304b\u3089\u5831\u3044\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3089\u308c\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\uff08\u30de\u30bf\u30a4\u306b\u3088\u308b\u798f\u97f3\u66f86\u7ae01\u7bc0\uff09\u3068\u8b66\u544a\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u306f\u3053\u308c\u3092\u7279\u306b\u6148\u5584\u3001\u7948\u308a\u3001\u65ad\u98df\u306e\u884c\u70ba\u306b\u5f53\u3066\u306f\u3081\u3001\u4ed6\u8005\u306e\u8cde\u8cdb\u3092\u5f97\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3053\u308c\u3089\u3092\u3053\u308c\u898b\u3088\u304c\u3057\u306b\u884c\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u8b66\u544a\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff08Wurfel, 2016\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306f\u307e\u305f\u3001\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u3068\u771f\u3063\u5411\u304b\u3089\u5bfe\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u8b19\u905c\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3082\u5e83\u304f\u6559\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u306f\u300c\u3060\u308c\u3067\u3082\u81ea\u5206\u3092\u9ad8\u304f\u3059\u308b\u8005\u306f\u4f4e\u304f\u3055\u308c\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u3092\u4f4e\u304f\u3059\u308b\u8005\u306f\u9ad8\u304f\u3055\u308c\u308b\u300d\uff08\u30de\u30bf\u30a4\u306b\u3088\u308b\u798f\u97f3\u66f823\u7ae012\u7bc0\uff09\u3068\u8a00\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u6559\u3048\u306f\u3001\u795e\u306e\u56fd\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u771f\u306e\u5049\u5927\u3055\u306f\u81ea\u5df1\u5ba3\u4f1d\u3084\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u8b19\u905c\u3068\u5949\u4ed5\u3092\u901a\u3057\u3066\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff08Gowler, 2019\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306f\u305f\u3068\u3048\u8a71\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3001\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u304c\u5f37\u304f\u3001\u3046\u306c\u307c\u308c\u305f\u767b\u5834\u4eba\u7269\u3092\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u306b\u63cf\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30d5\u30a1\u30ea\u30b5\u30a4\u6d3e\u3068\u53d6\u7a0e\u4eba\u306e\u305f\u3068\u3048\u8a71\uff08\u30eb\u30ab\u306b\u3088\u308b\u798f\u97f3\u66f818\u7ae09-14\u7bc0\uff09\u306b\u767b\u5834\u3059\u308b\u30d5\u30a1\u30ea\u30b5\u30a4\u6d3e\u306e\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u7fa9\u3092\u8a87\u308a\u3001\u4ed6\u4eba\u3092\u898b\u4e0b\u3059\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u306a\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u3092\u4f53\u73fe\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306f\u3001\u795e\u306e\u524d\u306b\u7fa9\u3068\u3055\u308c\u3066\u5bb6\u306b\u5e30\u3063\u305f\u306e\u306f\u3001\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u306e\u5f37\u3044\u30d5\u30a1\u30ea\u30b5\u30a4\u6d3e\u306e\u4eba\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u8b19\u905c\u306a\u53d6\u7a0e\u4eba\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3068\u7d50\u8ad6\u3065\u3051\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff08Wurfel, 2016\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306f\u307e\u305f\u3001\u866b\u3084\u9306\u304c\u98df\u3046\u5730\u4e0a\u306b\u5b9d\u3092\u84c4\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6212\u3081\u3001\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u306b\u5929\u306b\u5b9d\u3092\u84c4\u3048\u308b\u3088\u3046\u5f1f\u5b50\u305f\u3061\u306b\u52e7\u3081\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff08\u30de\u30bf\u30a4\u306b\u3088\u308b\u798f\u97f3\u66f86\u7ae019-21\u7bc0\uff09\u3002\u3053\u306e\u6559\u3048\u306f\u3001\u5730\u4e0a\u306e\u5730\u4f4d\u306e\u8c61\u5fb4\u3084\u5916\u898b\u304b\u3089\u6c38\u9060\u306e\u970a\u7684\u73fe\u5b9f\u3078\u3068\u7126\u70b9\u3092\u79fb\u3059\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u3092\u6291\u5236\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\uff08Gowler, 2019\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306f\u3001\u771f\u306e\u5145\u8db3\u611f\u3084\u30a2\u30a4\u30c7\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30c6\u30a3\u306f\u3001\u4ed6\u4eba\u306b\u3069\u3046\u898b\u3048\u308b\u304b\u3084\u4f55\u3092\u6240\u6709\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u795e\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3084\u96a3\u4eba\u3092\u3069\u3046\u6271\u3046\u304b\u304b\u3089\u6765\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u6559\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u306e\u751f\u6daf\u306f\u8b19\u905c\u3068\u7121\u79c1\u306e\u611b\u3092\u4f53\u73fe\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u3084\u81ea\u5df1\u5ba3\u4f1d\u3068\u306f\u5bfe\u7167\u7684\u306a\u6a21\u7bc4\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff08Gowler, 2019; Wurfel, 2016\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8056\u66f8\u306b\u306f\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u306e\u9855\u8457\u306a\u4f8b\u304c\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u3042\u308a\u3001\u904e\u5ea6\u306e\u9ad8\u6162\u3084\u81ea\u5df1\u9676\u9154\u306e\u5371\u967a\u6027\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u8b66\u544a\u306e\u7269\u8a9e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5f79\u7acb\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff08Culpepper, 2015, pp. 1\u20138; Wurfel, 2016\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6700\u3082\u9855\u8457\u306a\u4f8b\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u306f\u3001\u300e\u30b3\u30d8\u30ec\u30c8\u306e\u8a00\u8449\u300f\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30bd\u30ed\u30e2\u30f3\u738b\u306e\u7701\u5bdf\u3067\u3059\u3002\u6bd4\u985e\u306a\u304d\u77e5\u6075\u3001\u5bcc\u3001\u696d\u7e3e\u3092\u6301\u3061\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3082\u3001\u30bd\u30ed\u30e2\u30f3\u306f\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306b\u3001\u795e\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u300c\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306f\u7a7a\uff08\u3080\u306a\uff09\u3057\u3044\u300d\uff08\u30b3\u30d8\u30ec\u30c8\u306e\u8a00\u84491\u7ae02\u7bc0\uff09\u3068\u7d50\u8ad6\u3065\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5feb\u697d\u3001\u77e5\u8b58\u3001\u696d\u7e3e\u306e\u8ffd\u6c42\u306f\u3001\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306b\u5f7c\u306b\u7a7a\u865a\u611f\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3057\u3001\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u306a\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u306e\u7121\u76ca\u3055\u3092\u7269\u8a9e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff08Wurfel, 2016\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30c0\u30d3\u30c7\u738b\u306e\u606f\u5b50\u30a2\u30d6\u30b5\u30ed\u30e0\u306e\u7269\u8a9e\u3082\u3001\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u306e\u969b\u7acb\u3063\u305f\u4f8b\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30b5\u30e0\u30a8\u30eb\u8a18\u4e0b14\u7ae025-26\u7bc0\u306f\u3001\u30a2\u30d6\u30b5\u30ed\u30e0\u306e\u4e26\u5916\u308c\u305f\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u7f8e\u3057\u3055\u3092\u63cf\u5199\u3057\u3001\u5f7c\u304c\u6bce\u5e74\u9aea\u3092\u5207\u3063\u3066\u91cd\u3055\u3092\u91cf\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306b\u89e6\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u5f7c\u304c\u3044\u304b\u306b\u5916\u898b\u306b\u57f7\u7740\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u304b\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30a2\u30d6\u30b5\u30ed\u30e0\u306e\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u306f\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u91ce\u5fc3\u306b\u3082\u53ca\u3073\u3001\u7236\u306e\u738b\u4f4d\u3092\u596a\u304a\u3046\u3068\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u306e\u9ad8\u6162\u306f\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306b\u7834\u6ec5\u3068\u6b7b\u3092\u62db\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff08Culpepper, 2015, pp. 1\u20138\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u65b0\u7d04\u8056\u66f8\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306e\u305f\u3068\u3048\u8a71\u306b\u767b\u5834\u3059\u308b\u91d1\u6301\u3061\uff08\u30eb\u30ab\u306b\u3088\u308b\u798f\u97f3\u66f816\u7ae019-31\u7bc0\uff09\u304c\u3001\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u306a\u8d05\u6ca2\u3068\u81ea\u5df1\u6e80\u8db3\u306e\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u3092\u4f53\u73fe\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5f7c\u306e\u8c6a\u83ef\u306a\u8863\u670d\u3068\u8d05\u6ca2\u306a\u751f\u6d3b\u306f\u3001\u4ed6\u8005\u306e\u5fc5\u8981\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u76ee\u3092\u66c7\u3089\u305b\u3001\u6b7b\u5f8c\u306e\u88c1\u304d\u306e\u73fe\u5b9f\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u5099\u3048\u3092\u3055\u305b\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff08Gowler, 2019\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30e8\u30cf\u30cd\u306e\u9ed9\u793a\u93323\u7ae014-22\u7bc0\u3067\u8a00\u53ca\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30e9\u30aa\u30c7\u30a3\u30ad\u30a2\u306e\u6559\u4f1a\u306f\u3001\u970a\u7684\u306a\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u81ea\u5206\u305f\u3061\u306f\u5bcc\u3093\u3067\u3044\u3066\u4f55\u4e00\u3064\u4e0d\u81ea\u7531\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306f\u5f7c\u3089\u3092\u970a\u7684\u306a\u73fe\u5b9f\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u300c\u60e8\u3081\u306a\u8005\u3001\u54c0\u308c\u306a\u8005\u3001\u8ca7\u3057\u3044\u8005\u3001\u76ee\u306e\u898b\u3048\u306a\u3044\u8005\u3001\u88f8\u306e\u8005\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u53f1\u8cac\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u81ea\u5df1\u6e80\u8db3\u3068\u6cb9\u65ad\u306f\u3001\u751f\u306c\u308b\u3044\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5371\u967a\u306a\u72b6\u614b\u3078\u3068\u5f7c\u3089\u3092\u5c0e\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff08Culpepper, 2015, pp. 1\u20138\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30c0\u30cb\u30a8\u30eb\u66f84\u7ae0\u306e\u30cd\u30d6\u30ab\u30c9\u30cd\u30b6\u30eb\u738b\u306e\u7269\u8a9e\u306f\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u6a29\u529b\u3068\u696d\u7e3e\u306e\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u3092\u63cf\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5f7c\u304c\u81ea\u5206\u304c\u7bc9\u3044\u305f\u5049\u5927\u306a\u30d0\u30d3\u30ed\u30f3\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a87\u3063\u305f\u3068\u304d\u3001\u5f7c\u306f\u795e\u306e\u4e3b\u6a29\u3092\u8a8d\u3081\u308b\u307e\u3067\u72c2\u6c17\u306e\u671f\u9593\u3092\u904e\u3054\u3059\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308a\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u9ad8\u6162\u306e\u7121\u76ca\u3055\u3092\u5b66\u3073\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff08Wurfel, 2016\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u8056\u66f8\u306e\u4f8b\u306f\u3001\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u7f8e\u3057\u3055\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u91ce\u5fc3\u3001\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u306a\u5bcc\u3001\u970a\u7684\u306a\u6cb9\u65ad\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u696d\u7e3e\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u3001\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u306e\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u5074\u9762\u3092\u6d6e\u304d\u5f6b\u308a\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3044\u305a\u308c\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3082\u3001\u81ea\u5df1\u3068\u5916\u898b\u3078\u306e\u904e\u5ea6\u306a\u57f7\u7740\u304c\u3001\u970a\u7684\u306a\u76f2\u76ee\u3001\u9053\u5fb3\u7684\u5931\u6557\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u795e\u306e\u88c1\u304d\u3092\u62db\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306f\u3001\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u306e\u843d\u3068\u3057\u7a74\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u8056\u66f8\u306e\u4e00\u8cab\u3057\u305f\u8b66\u544a\u3092\u601d\u3044\u8d77\u3053\u3055\u305b\u308b\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u6559\u8a13\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff08Culpepper, 2015, pp. 1\u20138; Gowler, 2019; Wurfel, 2016\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7f6a\u3092\u907f\u3051\u308b\u306b\u306f\u3001\u610f\u56f3\u7684\u306a\u52aa\u529b\u3068\u970a\u7684\u306a\u8a13\u7df4\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u8b19\u905c\u3068\u7121\u79c1\u3092\u57f9\u3046\u3088\u3046\u53ec\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306f\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u3068\u771f\u3063\u5411\u304b\u3089\u5bfe\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u8cc7\u8cea\u3067\u3059\uff08Gowler, 2019; Wurfel, 2016\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u3042\u308b\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u30a2\u30a4\u30c7\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30c6\u30a3\u306b\u3057\u3063\u304b\u308a\u3068\u6839\u3092\u4e0b\u308d\u3055\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u4fa1\u5024\u306f\u5916\u898b\u3001\u696d\u7e3e\u3001\u6240\u6709\u7269\u304b\u3089\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u795e\u306e\u5b50\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u6765\u308b\u306e\u3060\u3068\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u306e\u8a98\u60d1\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u514d\u75ab\u3092\u9ad8\u3081\u308b\u52a9\u3051\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u795e\u306e\u76ee\u304b\u3089\u898b\u305f\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u4fa1\u5024\u3092\u80af\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u8056\u53e5\u3092\u5b9a\u671f\u7684\u306b\u9ed9\u60f3\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u771f\u7406\u3092\u5f37\u56fa\u306a\u3082\u306e\u306b\u3057\u307e\u3059\uff08Gowler, 2019\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u611f\u8b1d\u3092\u5b9f\u8df5\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u89e3\u6bd2\u5264\u3068\u306a\u308a\u5f97\u307e\u3059\u3002\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u80fd\u529b\u3084\u6240\u6709\u7269\u3092\u542b\u3081\u3001\u795e\u306e\u6075\u307f\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u611f\u8b1d\u306e\u5fc3\u3092\u57f9\u3046\u3068\u304d\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u305d\u308c\u3092\u8a87\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3001\u81ea\u5df1\u9855\u793a\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4f7f\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u4f4e\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u611f\u8b1d\u65e5\u8a18\u3092\u3064\u3051\u305f\u308a\u3001\u65e5\u3005\u306e\u7948\u308a\u306b\u611f\u8b1d\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u8fbc\u3093\u3060\u308a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u59ff\u52e2\u3092\u80b2\u3080\u52a9\u3051\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\uff08Wurfel, 2016\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5b9a\u671f\u7684\u306a\u81ea\u5df1\u541f\u5473\u3068\u544a\u767d\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306f\u6975\u3081\u3066\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u7948\u308a\u3092\u3082\u3063\u3066\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u52d5\u6a5f\u3092\u7701\u307f\u3001\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u304c\u751f\u6d3b\u306b\u5165\u308a\u8fbc\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\u9818\u57df\u3092\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u8056\u970a\u306b\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3059\u3002\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u306b\u6e80\u3061\u305f\u8003\u3048\u3084\u884c\u52d5\u3092\u8a8d\u8b58\u3057\u305f\u3068\u304d\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u795e\u306b\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u4fe1\u983c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u970a\u7684\u306a\u6307\u5c0e\u8005\u306b\u544a\u767d\u3059\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3059\uff08Gowler, 2019\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u4ed6\u8005\u3078\u306e\u5949\u4ed5\u3092\u901a\u3057\u3066\u8b19\u905c\u3092\u57f9\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u306f\u3001\u795e\u306e\u56fd\u3067\u6700\u3082\u5049\u5927\u306a\u8005\u306f\u4ed5\u3048\u308b\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u6559\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u7279\u306b\u516c\u306e\u5834\u3067\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5949\u4ed5\u6d3b\u52d5\u306b\u5b9a\u671f\u7684\u306b\u5f93\u4e8b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u306b\u50be\u304f\u50be\u5411\u3092\u6253\u3061\u6d88\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\uff08Gowler, 2019; Wurfel, 2016\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u3092\u52a9\u9577\u3057\u304b\u306d\u306a\u3044\u30bd\u30fc\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u30e1\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u3084\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u30d7\u30e9\u30c3\u30c8\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30e0\u306e\u5229\u7528\u306b\u6ce8\u610f\u3092\u6255\u3046\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u30c4\u30fc\u30eb\u306f\u5584\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u4ed6\u8005\u306e\u627f\u8a8d\u3092\u5f97\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u81ea\u5206\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u614e\u91cd\u306b\u4f5c\u308a\u4e0a\u3052\u3089\u308c\u305f\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8a98\u60d1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u30d7\u30e9\u30c3\u30c8\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30e0\u306e\u5229\u7528\u306b\u5883\u754c\u7dda\u3092\u8a2d\u3051\u3001\u6295\u7a3f\u306e\u52d5\u6a5f\u3092\u541f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u843d\u3068\u3057\u7a74\u3092\u907f\u3051\u308b\u52a9\u3051\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\uff08Gowler, 2019\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u751f\u6d3b\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u6e80\u8db3\u3068\u7c21\u7d20\u3055\u3092\u5b9f\u8df5\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u81ea\u5206\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u9069\u5207\u306a\u30b1\u30a2\u3092\u6020\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5916\u898b\u3084\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u306a\u6240\u6709\u7269\u3078\u306e\u904e\u5ea6\u306a\u57f7\u7740\u3092\u907f\u3051\u308b\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u898b\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\uff08Wurfel, 2016\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6700\u5f8c\u306b\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u81ea\u5206\u3092\u6212\u3081\u3001\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8b19\u905c\u306e\u6a21\u7bc4\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u304f\u308c\u308b\u4fe1\u8005\u306e\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u306b\u8eab\u3092\u7f6e\u304f\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3059\u3002\u611b\u306e\u3042\u308b\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3001\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u304c\u751f\u6d3b\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u73fe\u308c\u59cb\u3081\u305f\u3068\u304d\u306b\u3001\u7a4f\u3084\u304b\u306a\u77ef\u6b63\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\uff08Gowler, 2019\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5fd8\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3067\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u3092\u907f\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u81ea\u8eab\u3092\u5351\u3057\u3081\u305f\u308a\u3001\u795e\u304b\u3089\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u624d\u80fd\u3084\u6075\u307f\u3092\u5426\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3080\u3057\u308d\u3001\u9069\u5207\u306a\u8996\u70b9\u3092\u4fdd\u3061\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u305f\u3061\u304c\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u3082\u306e\u306f\u795e\u304b\u3089\u6765\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8a8d\u8b58\u3057\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u795e\u306e\u6804\u5149\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u8cdc\u7269\u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3059\uff08Gowler, 2019; Wurfel, 2016\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6559\u4f1a\u306e\u6559\u7fa9\u3084\u6163\u7fd2\u3092\u5f62\u4f5c\u308b\u52a9\u3051\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u521d\u671f\u306e\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u6307\u5c0e\u8005\u3084\u795e\u5b66\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308b\u6559\u7236\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u591a\u304f\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a9e\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u4e3b\u984c\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u6559\u3048\u306f\u3001\u8056\u66f8\u306b\u6df1\u304f\u6839\u3056\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u7e4a\u7d30\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff08Willis, 1966; Wolfson, 1934\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u591a\u304f\u306e\u6559\u7236\u306f\u3001\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u3092\u4e3b\u8981\u306a\u970a\u7684\u5371\u967a\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u305d\u308c\u3092\u5358\u306b\u5916\u898b\u3078\u306e\u904e\u5ea6\u306a\u95a2\u5fc3\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u795e\u306e\u8ffd\u6c42\u304b\u3089\u6c17\u3092\u305d\u3089\u3059\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u306a\u5730\u4f4d\u3001\u696d\u7e3e\u3001\u5feb\u697d\u3078\u306e\u3088\u308a\u5e83\u7bc4\u306a\u57f7\u7740\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff08Wolfson, 1934\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6700\u3082\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u306e\u3042\u308b\u6559\u7236\u306e\u4e00\u4eba\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30d2\u30c3\u30dd\u306e\u30a2\u30a6\u30b0\u30b9\u30c6\u30a3\u30cc\u30b9\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u8457\u66f8\u300e\u544a\u767d\u300f\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u5e83\u304f\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5f7c\u306f\u81ea\u5206\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u306a\u6210\u529f\u3084\u5feb\u697d\u306e\u8ffd\u6c42\u3092\u3001\u300e\u30b3\u30d8\u30ec\u30c8\u306e\u8a00\u8449\u300f\u3092\u5f15\u7528\u3057\u3066\u300c\u7a7a\uff08\u3080\u306a\uff09\u3057\u3044\u7a7a\uff08\u3080\u306a\uff09\u3057\u3055\u300d\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30a2\u30a6\u30b0\u30b9\u30c6\u30a3\u30cc\u30b9\u306f\u3001\u771f\u306e\u5145\u8db3\u611f\u306f\u795e\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306e\u307f\u898b\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u3068\u306f\u5275\u9020\u4e3b\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u88ab\u9020\u7269\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u6e80\u8db3\u3092\u898b\u51fa\u305d\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u8aa4\u3063\u305f\u8a66\u307f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u6559\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff08Maqueo, 2020, pp. 341\u2013355\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u96c4\u5f01\u306a\u8aac\u6559\u3067\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u308b\u30e8\u30cf\u30cd\u30b9\u30fb\u30af\u30ea\u30e5\u30bd\u30b9\u30c8\u30e2\u30b9\u306f\u3001\u7279\u306b\u5973\u6027\u306e\u5916\u898b\u306e\u98fe\u308a\u7acb\u3066\u3068\u3044\u3046\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u8b66\u544a\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u5f7c\u306e\u61f8\u5ff5\u306f\u5358\u306b\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u5916\u898b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u57f7\u7740\u304c\u6301\u3064\u970a\u7684\u306a\u610f\u5473\u5408\u3044\u306b\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u306f\u3001\u5916\u898b\u306e\u7f8e\u3057\u3055\u3078\u306e\u904e\u5ea6\u306a\u6ce8\u610f\u306f\u3001\u5fb3\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u9b42\u3092\u98fe\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6020\u308b\u7d50\u679c\u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308a\u304b\u306d\u306a\u3044\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff08Maqueo, 2020, pp. 341\u2013355\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30cb\u30e5\u30c3\u30b5\u306e\u30b0\u30ec\u30b4\u30ea\u30aa\u30b9\u306f\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u72b6\u614b\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u3057\u3066\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u3092\u63a2\u6c42\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u306f\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u7f6a\u3078\u306e\u8ee2\u843d\u304c\u3001\u795e\u306b\u3042\u308b\u547d\u306e\u8c4a\u304b\u3055\u304b\u3089\u5207\u308a\u96e2\u3055\u308c\u305f\u865a\u3057\u3044\u5b58\u5728\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3057\u305f\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30b0\u30ec\u30b4\u30ea\u30aa\u30b9\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u3001\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u3092\u514b\u670d\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u30c6\u30aa\u30b7\u30b9\uff08\u795e\u5316\uff09\u3001\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u6075\u307f\u3092\u901a\u3057\u3066\u795e\u306b\u4f3c\u305f\u8005\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3078\u3068\u524d\u9032\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff08Chistyakova, 2021\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u521d\u671f\u306e\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u4fee\u9053\u58eb\u3067\u3042\u308b\u7802\u6f20\u306e\u6559\u7236\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u3068\u6226\u3046\u65b9\u6cd5\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6975\u7aef\u306a\u81ea\u5df1\u5426\u5b9a\u3092\u5b9f\u8df5\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u3092\u3001\u4e00\u898b\u970a\u7684\u306a\u696d\u7e3e\u3055\u3048\u3082\u640d\u306a\u3046\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u306e\u3042\u308b\u5fae\u5999\u306a\u8a98\u60d1\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u6559\u3048\u306f\u3001\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u306e\u89e3\u6bd2\u5264\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8b19\u905c\u3068\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u306a\u8cde\u8cdb\u304b\u3089\u306e\u96e2\u8131\u3092\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff08Willis, 1966\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3001\u6559\u7236\u305f\u3061\u306f\u5916\u898b\u3078\u306e\u914d\u616e\u3084\u696d\u7e3e\u306e\u79f0\u8cdb\u3092\u3059\u3079\u3066\u4e00\u5f8b\u306b\u975e\u96e3\u3057\u305f\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3080\u3057\u308d\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u512a\u5148\u9806\u4f4d\u306e\u9069\u5207\u306a\u9806\u5e8f\u4ed8\u3051\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u3001\u81ea\u5df1\u5ba3\u4f1d\u3084\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u306a\u5730\u4f4d\u3088\u308a\u3082\u795e\u3068\u96a3\u4eba\u3078\u306e\u611b\u3092\u512a\u5148\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3088\u3046\u8aac\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff08Wolfson, 1934\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u591a\u304f\u306e\u6559\u7236\u306f\u307e\u305f\u3001\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u3092\u9ad8\u6162\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3088\u308a\u5e83\u7bc4\u306a\u7f6a\u3068\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u3051\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u795e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u81ea\u5206\u81ea\u8eab\u3092\u9ad8\u304f\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u6839\u672c\u7684\u306a\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u50be\u5411\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u73fe\u308c\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u3001\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u3092\u514b\u670d\u3059\u308b\u306b\u306f\u5916\u7684\u306a\u5909\u5316\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u8b19\u905c\u3068\u611b\u306b\u5411\u3051\u305f\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u5185\u9762\u7684\u306a\u65b9\u5411\u8ee2\u63db\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u6559\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff08Chistyakova, 2021; Maqueo, 2020, pp. 341\u2013355\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6559\u7236\u305f\u3061\u306f\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u3092\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u5916\u898b\u3078\u306e\u95a2\u5fc3\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u305f\u3001\u4e3b\u8981\u306a\u970a\u7684\u969c\u5bb3\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u3001\u8b19\u905c\u3092\u57f9\u3044\u3001\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u306a\u5730\u4f4d\u304b\u3089\u96e2\u8131\u3057\u3001\u795e\u3078\u306e\u611b\u3092\u6df1\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u306e\u307f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u514b\u670d\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3068\u6559\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff08Willis, 1966; Wolfson, 1934\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u306f\u3044\u3001\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3053\u3068\u3068\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u5916\u898b\u3092\u9069\u5207\u306b\u30b1\u30a2\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306e\u9593\u306b\u306f\u5927\u304d\u306a\u9055\u3044\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5883\u754c\u7dda\u306f\u6642\u306b\u5fae\u5999\u306a\u3082\u306e\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\uff08Gowler, 2019; Wurfel, 2016\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u5916\u898b\u3092\u30b1\u30a2\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u795e\u304b\u3089\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u4f53\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u826f\u3044\u7ba1\u7406\uff08\u30b9\u30c1\u30e5\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u30b7\u30c3\u30d7\uff09\u306e\u554f\u984c\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u306f\u3001\u500b\u4eba\u306e\u885b\u751f\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u4fdd\u3061\u3001\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u72b6\u6cc1\u306b\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3066\u9069\u5207\u306b\u670d\u88c5\u3092\u6574\u3048\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u81ea\u8eab\u3068\u4ed6\u8005\u3078\u306e\u656c\u610f\u3092\u793a\u3059\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u81ea\u5206\u3092\u8868\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30bb\u30eb\u30d5\u30b1\u30a2\u306f\u3001\u795e\u304b\u3089\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u547d\u306e\u8d08\u308a\u7269\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u611f\u8b1d\u306e\u8868\u73fe\u3068\u306a\u308a\u5f97\u3001\u4ed6\u8005\u3068\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u306b\u95a2\u308f\u308a\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3059\u80fd\u529b\u306b\u8ca2\u732e\u3057\u307e\u3059\uff08Gowler, 2019\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u306f\u9069\u5207\u306a\u30bb\u30eb\u30d5\u30b1\u30a2\u306e\u57df\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3001\u8cde\u8cdb\u3078\u306e\u6b32\u6c42\u3084\u512a\u8d8a\u611f\u306b\u52d5\u6a5f\u3065\u3051\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3001\u5916\u898b\u3078\u306e\u904e\u5ea6\u306a\u57f7\u7740\u3092\u4f34\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u306f\u3001\u3088\u308a\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u970a\u7684\u304a\u3088\u3073\u4eba\u9593\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u512a\u5148\u4e8b\u9805\u3092\u72a0\u7272\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5916\u898b\u306b\u904e\u5270\u306a\u6642\u9593\u3001\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u3001\u30ea\u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u3092\u8cbb\u3084\u3059\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\uff08Wurfel, 2016\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u9055\u3044\u306f\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u52d5\u6a5f\u3068\u96c6\u4e2d\u306e\u5ea6\u5408\u3044\u306b\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5916\u898b\u306e\u30b1\u30a2\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u4e0d\u5b89\u3001\u4ed6\u8005\u304b\u3089\u306e\u627f\u8a8d\u3078\u306e\u6b32\u6c42\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u5916\u7684\u306a\u624b\u6bb5\u3092\u901a\u3057\u3066\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u4fa1\u5024\u3092\u8a3c\u660e\u3057\u305f\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9858\u671b\u304b\u3089\u751f\u3058\u308b\u3068\u304d\u306b\u554f\u984c\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u304c\u30a2\u30a4\u30c7\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30c6\u30a3\u3084\u81ea\u5df1\u4fa1\u5024\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u306a\u6e90\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3068\u304d\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u865a\u6804\u5fc3\u3078\u3068\u5909\u308f\u308a\u307e\u3059\uff08Gowler, 2019\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u306e\u89b3\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u898b\u308b\u3068\u3001\u4f53\u306f\u8056\u970a\u306e\u795e\u6bbf\uff08\u30b3\u30ea\u30f3\u30c8\u4eba\u3078\u306e\u624b\u7d19\u4e00 6\u7ae019-20\u7bc0\uff09\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u30b1\u30a2\u3059\u308b\u8cac\u4efb\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u3053\u306e\u30b1\u30a2\u306f\u300c\u512a\u96c5\u306f\u507d\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u7f8e\u3057\u3055\u306f\u7a7a\u3057\u3044\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u4e3b\u3092\u6050\u308c\u308b\u5973\u306f\u307b\u3081\u305f\u305f\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u300d\uff08\u7bb4\u8a0031\u7ae030\u7bc0\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7406\u89e3\u3068\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3059\uff08Wurfel, 2016\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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