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\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u6559\u4f1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5728\u7ebf\u670d\u52a1\u6216\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4eb2\u81ea\u53c2\u52a0\u793c\u62dc\u7684\u8865\u5145\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u6e90\u5f88\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u65e0\u6cd5\u4eb2\u81ea\u5230\u573a\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u53d6\u4ee3\u9762\u5bf9\u9762\u4ea4\u6d41\u548c\u656c\u62dc\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u867d\u7136\u53c2\u52a0\u6559\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5c5e\u7075\u6210\u957f\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u656c\u62dc\u3001\u5b66\u4e60\u3001\u56e2\u5951\u548c\u670d\u4f8d\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5728\u5b64\u7acb\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u662f\u96be\u4ee5\u590d\u5236\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u5176\u6709\u6548\u6027\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u53c2\u4e0e\u4ee5\u53ca\u6559\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5176\u547c\u53ec\u7684\u5fe0\u8bda\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u4e0d\u8981\u5c06\u53c2\u52a0\u6559\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u4ec5\u4ec5\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u5c06\u5176\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u53ca\u4fe1\u5f92\u540c\u4f34\u66f4\u52a0\u4eb2\u8fd1\u7684\u5feb\u4e50\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u65e9\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u6559\u7236\u4eec\u5173\u4e8e\u53c2\u52a0\u6559\u5802\u805a\u4f1a\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u6559\u5bfc\uff1f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u4ece\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u770b\u5230\u5bf9\u96c6\u4f53\u656c\u62dc\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u5f3a\u8c03\u3002\u300a\u4f7f\u5f92\u884c\u4f20\u300b\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u201c\u6052\u5fc3\u9075\u5b88\u4f7f\u5f92\u7684\u6559\u8bad\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u4ea4\u63a5\uff0c\u64d8\u997c\uff0c\u7948\u7977\u201d\uff08\u4f7f\u5f92\u884c\u4f20 2:42\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4fe1\u4ef0\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6211\u5fc5\u987b\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u5927\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7ecf\u5e38\u9762\u4e34\u8feb\u5bb3\u5e76\u79d8\u5bc6\u805a\u96c6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u805a\u4f1a\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u663e\u5f97\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5199\u4e8e\u516c\u5143\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u7684\u300a\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u4e66\u300b\u529d\u52c9\u4fe1\u5f92\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u4eec\u4e0d\u53ef\u505c\u6b62\u805a\u4f1a\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u90a3\u4e9b\u505c\u6b62\u60ef\u4e86\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5012\u8981\u5f7c\u6b64\u529d\u52c9\u201d\uff08\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u4e66 10:25\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u6bb5\u7ecf\u6587\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u6559\u4f1a\u6559\u7236\u5173\u4e8e\u53c2\u52a0\u6559\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u6559\u5bfc\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5b89\u63d0\u963f\u7684\u4f0a\u683c\u90a3\u4fee\u5728\u516c\u5143\u4e8c\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u5199\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u5f3a\u70c8\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u5728\u4e3b\u6559\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\u4e0e\u5f53\u5730\u6559\u4f1a\u805a\u96c6\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5728\u5f02\u7aef\u6559\u5bfc\u9762\u524d\u4fdd\u6301\u5408\u4e00\u548c\u6b63\u7edf\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff08Musurillo, 1964, pp. 473\u2013490\uff09\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u6b89\u9053\u8005\u67e5\u65af\u4e01\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u300a\u7b2c\u4e00\u62a4\u6559\u8f9e\u300b\uff08\u7ea6\u516c\u5143 155 \u5e74\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5728\u5468\u65e5\u805a\u96c6\u8fdb\u884c\u5723\u7ecf\u8bf5\u8bfb\u3001\u8bb2\u9053\u3001\u7948\u7977\u548c\u5723\u9910\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u5230\u4ed6\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u8fd9\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u6210\u719f\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4ece\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e9\u671f\u6559\u5bfc\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u4eba\u7c7b\u5728\u4fe1\u4ef0\u65c5\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5bf9\u793e\u533a\u548c\u76f8\u4e92\u652f\u6301\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u6559\u7236\u4eec\u660e\u767d\uff0c\u5b9a\u671f\u7684\u805a\u96c6\u80fd\u589e\u5f3a\u4fe1\u5f92\u62b5\u5fa1\u5468\u56f4\u5f02\u6559\u6587\u5316\u538b\u529b\u548c\u8bf1\u60d1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u6559\u7236\u4eec\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e76\u975e\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u53c2\u52a0\u6559\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u7231\u7684\u5feb\u4e50\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u9886\u53d7\u7942\u6069\u5178\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6559\u5bfc\u603b\u662f\u6307\u5411\u805a\u96c6\u884c\u4e3a\u80cc\u540e\u66f4\u6df1\u5c42\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u9664\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6559\u5802\u793c\u62dc\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u656c\u62dc\u65b9\u5f0f\u5417\uff1f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u5b9a\u671f\u53c2\u52a0\u6559\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u6210\u4e3a\u5e38\u6001\u7684\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u656c\u62dc\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4fee\u9053\u9662\u4f20\u7edf\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u65f6\u8fb0\u793c\u4eea\u201d\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u5168\u5929\u4fdd\u6301\u7948\u7977\u7684\u8282\u594f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b9e\u8df5\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5468\u65e5\u793c\u62dc\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\u6ecb\u517b\u4e86\u65e0\u6570\u4fe1\u5f92\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u751f\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6b63\u5728\u89c1\u8bc1\u5404\u79cd\u66ff\u4ee3\u6027\u656c\u62dc\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u6fc0\u589e\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u793e\u533a\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u6237\u5916\u793c\u62dc\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u91cd\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u63a2\u7d22\u4e86\u9ed8\u89c2\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6cf0\u6cfd\u7948\u7977\u6216\u5f52\u5fc3\u7948\u7977\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e3a\u96c6\u4f53\u656c\u62dc\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u901a\u8fc7\u670d\u52a1\u4ed6\u4eba\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u656c\u62dc\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u5723\u96c5\u5404\u7684\u8bdd\uff1a\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u662f\u6b7b\u7684\u201d\uff08\u96c5\u5404\u4e66 2:26\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6570\u5b57\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e3a\u656c\u62dc\u548c\u8054\u7cfb\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u5728\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u75ab\u60c5\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u6559\u4f1a\u8fc5\u901f\u8c03\u6574\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u5728\u7ebf\u670d\u52a1\uff08Broaddus, 2011; Madise, 2023\uff09\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u53d6\u4ee3\u4fe1\u5f92\u7684\u9762\u5bf9\u9762\u805a\u96c6\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e9b\u65e0\u6cd5\u53c2\u52a0\u5b9e\u4f53\u793c\u62dc\u7684\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u7ebf\u3002\u6211\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u5728\u7ef4\u62a4\u5c5e\u7075\u5065\u5eb7\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u5371\u673a\u6216\u9694\u79bb\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u8c28\u614e\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u5ffd\u89c6\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u656c\u62dc\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u7d20\u3002\u5723\u9910\u3001\u5723\u9053\u7684\u5ba3\u8bb2\u548c\u793e\u533a\u7684\u805a\u96c6\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u66ff\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u656c\u62dc\u5f62\u5f0f\u90fd\u5e94\u8bbe\u6cd5\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5305\u542b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u793c\u62dc\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u540c\u6837\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u6559\u4f1a\u793c\u62dc\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5fc5\u8981\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u884c\u52a8\u4e0d\u4fbf\u3001\u4ece\u4e8b\u5fc5\u8981\u670d\u52a1\u5de5\u4f5c\u6216\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6559\u4f1a\u533a\u57df\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5bfb\u627e\u5176\u4ed6\u656c\u62dc\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u5728\u63a5\u89e6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u6709\u521b\u9020\u6027\u548c\u540c\u60c5\u5fc3\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u80fd\u53c2\u4e0e\u5230\u4fe1\u4ef0\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u8fd9\u4e9b\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u65f6\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u8bb0\u4f4f\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u8bdd\uff1a\u201c\u56e0\u4e3a\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u4e09\u4e2a\u4eba\u5949\u6211\u7684\u540d\u805a\u4f1a\uff0c\u90a3\u91cc\u5c31\u6709\u6211\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u95f4\u201d\uff08\u9a6c\u592a\u798f\u97f3 18:20\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e94\u8bb8\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u656c\u62dc\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6216\u5730\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u690d\u6839\u4e8e\u4fe1\u5f92\u5949\u57fa\u7763\u4e4b\u540d\u771f\u8bda\u7684\u805a\u96c6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u867d\u7136\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u793c\u62dc\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u547c\u53ec\u7942\u5b50\u6c11\u656c\u62dc\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u4fdd\u6301\u5f00\u653e\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u8981\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u89c6\u4e3a\u4f20\u7edf\u656c\u62dc\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u54c1\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u5c06\u5176\u89c6\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e30\u5bcc\u6211\u4eec\u5c5e\u7075\u751f\u6d3b\u3001\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u4eb2\u8fd1\u4e0a\u5e1d\u548c\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u8865\u5145\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e0d\u53bb\u6559\u5802\u4f1a\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u4f60\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u53c2\u52a0\u6559\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7231\u662f\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\uff0c\u4e14\u59cb\u7ec8\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u5723\u4fdd\u7f57\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\u7684\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u80fd\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u8036\u7a23\u91cc\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u7231\u9694\u7edd\uff08\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e66 8:38-39\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u5b9a\u671f\u53c2\u4e0e\u6559\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u662f\u57f9\u80b2\u548c\u6df1\u5316\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u7f3a\u5e2d\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9519\u8fc7\u4e86\u5c5e\u7075\u6210\u957f\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u96c6\u4f53\u5e86\u795d\u5723\u9910\u662f\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u9047\u89c1\uff0c\u5728\u5c5e\u7075\u4e0a\u6ecb\u517b\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u4fe1\u5f92\u7fa4\u4f53\u8054\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u5723\u9053\u7684\u5ba3\u8bb2\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6307\u5bfc\u548c\u7075\u611f\u3002\u793c\u4eea\u4e2d\u7684\u7948\u7977\u548c\u8d5e\u7f8e\u8bd7\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u72ec\u81ea\u4e00\u4eba\u96be\u4ee5\u505a\u5230\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c06\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5fc3\u63d0\u5347\u5230\u4e0a\u5e1d\u9762\u524d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4ece\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u53c2\u52a0\u6559\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5c5e\u7075\u64cd\u7ec3\u3002\u50cf\u4efb\u4f55\u5173\u7cfb\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u5173\u6ce8\u548c\u627f\u8bfa\u3002\u5b9a\u671f\u53c2\u52a0\u6559\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u79cd\u656c\u62dc\u548c\u53cd\u601d\u7684\u8282\u594f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u6311\u6218\u4e2d\u951a\u5b9a\u6211\u4eec\uff08Yeung et al., 2000, pp. 113\u2013197\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e0d\u53bb\u6559\u4f1a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9010\u6e10\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u793e\u533a\u7684\u758f\u79bb\u611f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b64\u7acb\u4f1a\u524a\u5f31\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u652f\u6301\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u6000\u7591\u548c\u8bf1\u60d1\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u56e0\u4e0e\u4fe1\u5f92\u540c\u4f34\u805a\u96c6\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u9f13\u52b1\u548c\u95ee\u8d23\u800c\u53d8\u5f97\u575a\u5f3a\uff08Clark, 1988, p. 463\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5c0f\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u5c06\u53c2\u52a0\u6559\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u3002\u5b58\u5728\u9677\u5165\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e3b\u4e49\u5fc3\u6001\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u5373\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u53c2\u52a0\u6559\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u7231\u7684\u5feb\u4e50\u56de\u5e94\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u963b\u788d\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u6210\u957f\uff0c\u5e76\u9020\u6210\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u540c\u6837\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u8981\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u5076\u5c14\u4e0d\u53bb\u6559\u4f1a\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u6b63\u5f53\u7406\u7531\u3002\u75be\u75c5\u3001\u8d23\u4efb\u6216\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e49\u52a1\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u963b\u6b62\u6211\u4eec\u53c2\u52a0\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5e94\u88ab\u5185\u759a\u611f\u6240\u56f0\u6270\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u5bfb\u6c42\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u548c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u793e\u533a\u4fdd\u6301\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u7ecf\u5e38\u4e0d\u53bb\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u53cd\u601d\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5b9e\u9645\u969c\u788d\u3001\u5c5e\u7075\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6559\u4f1a\u793e\u533a\u5185\u672a\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u4f24\u5bb3\u95ee\u9898\uff1f\u8bc6\u522b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u5b83\u4eec\u5e76\u91cd\u65b0\u70b9\u71c3\u5bf9\u96c6\u4f53\u656c\u62dc\u6e34\u671b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u53bb\u6559\u4f1a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u524a\u5f31\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e0d\u5fc5\u662f\u6c38\u4e45\u6027\u7684\u632b\u6298\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u6069\u5178\u59cb\u7ec8\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u9080\u8bf7\u6211\u4eec\u56de\u5230\u66f4\u6df1\u5c42\u7684\u56e2\u5951\u4e2d\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u540c\u60c5\u5fc3\u5bf9\u5f85\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u8fd8\u662f\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u59cb\u7ec8\u5bfb\u6c42\u5728\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u548c\u90bb\u820d\u7684\u7231\u4e2d\u6210\u957f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u957f\u671f\u4e0d\u53bb\u6559\u5802\u4f1a\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u540e\u679c\uff1f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u4ece\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u7f3a\u5e2d\u6559\u4f1a\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u9010\u6e10\u51cf\u5f31\u3002\u5b9a\u671f\u53c2\u4e0e\u793c\u4eea\u3001\u5723\u793c\u548c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u793e\u533a\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65e8\u5728\u6ecb\u517b\u548c\u52a0\u5f3a\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8131\u79bb\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6069\u5178\u7684\u6e90\u5934\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0d\u518d\u90a3\u4e48\u5145\u6ee1\u6d3b\u529b\uff0c\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u6000\u7591\u548c\u51b7\u6f20\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u300a\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6559\u7406\u300b\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u4e3b\u65e5\u4e49\u52a1\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u6761\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4fe1\u5f92\u805a\u96c6\u5e86\u795d\u5723\u9910\u7684\u6df1\u5207\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u53cd\u6620\u3002\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u5ffd\u89c6\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u5bf9\u795e\u5723\u611f\u7684\u4e27\u5931\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5965\u79d8\u7684\u6b23\u8d4f\u529b\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4ece\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u7f3a\u5e2d\u6559\u4f1a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5b64\u72ec\u611f\u548c\u758f\u79bb\u611f\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u793e\u533a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u5171\u540c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u793e\u4f1a\u652f\u6301\uff08Yeung et al., 2000, pp. 113\u2013197\uff09\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b9a\u671f\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7ecf\u5386\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5b64\u72ec\u611f\u548c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5f52\u5c5e\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5b9a\u671f\u53c2\u52a0\u6559\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u8282\u594f\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u951a\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u5f53\u8fd9\u79cd\u8282\u594f\u6d88\u5931\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u96be\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u5c5e\u7075\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u6307\u5bfc\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u79cd\u6f2b\u65e0\u76ee\u7684\u6216\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u60d1\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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\u7814\u8bfb\u5723\u7ecf\u662f\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u529b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u662f\u6d3b\u6cfc\u7684\u3001\u6709\u529f\u6548\u7684\uff08\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u4e66 4:12\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u793e\u533a\u5728\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u758f\u8fdc\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u5728\u5c5e\u7075\u4e0a\u6ecb\u517b\u6211\u4eec\u3002\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u8d44\u6e90\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5f15\u5bfc\u5723\u7ecf\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u53cd\u601d\uff08Broaddus, 2011\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4ece\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5c5e\u7075\u5b9e\u8df5\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u79cd\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u548c\u8054\u7cfb\u611f\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u671f\u53c2\u52a0\u6559\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9e\u8df5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u951a\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u6784\u5efa\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u538b\u529b\u6216\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u65f6\u671f\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b89\u6170\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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