\u6211\u5fc5\u987b\u9996\u5148\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u6240\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u98de\u8239\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u5723\u7ecf\u6216\u53e4\u4ee3\u5723\u7ecf\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u660e\u786e\u63d0\u53ca\u3002\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u592a\u7a7a\u4e2d\u65c5\u884c\u7684\u822a\u5929\u5668\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u5723\u7ecf\u6587\u672c\u5199\u6210\u5f88\u4e45\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u53d1\u660e\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u5723\u7ecf\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u6216\u89c1\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u8bb0\u4f4f\u5723\u7ecf\u4f5c\u8005\u662f\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u6587\u5316\u548c\u6280\u672f\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u5199\u4f5c\u7684\u3002\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u5723\u7ecf\u786e\u5b9e\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5bf9\u5929\u8c61\u548c\u795e\u5723\u76f8\u9047\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u73b0\u4ee3\u8bfb\u8005\u521b\u9020\u6027\u5730\u5c06\u5176\u89e3\u8bfb\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u5916\u661f\u9020\u8bbf\u6216\u5148\u8fdb\u6280\u672f\u6709\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5148\u77e5\u4ee5\u897f\u7ed3\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u8f6e\u4e2d\u5957\u8f6e\u201d\u7684\u5f02\u8c61\uff08\u4ee5\u897f\u7ed3\u4e66 1:15-21\uff09\u6709\u65f6\u88ab\u4e00\u4e9b\u73b0\u4ee3\u8bfb\u8005\u63a8\u6d4b\u6027\u5730\u4e0e\u4e0d\u660e\u98de\u884c\u7269\uff08UFO\uff09\u76ee\u51fb\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff08Kavusa, 2019\uff09\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u4ee5\u5229\u4e9a\u4e58\u201c\u706b\u6218\u8f66\u201d\u5347\u5929\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff08\u5217\u738b\u7eaa\u4e0b 2:11\uff09\u4e5f\u88ab\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u5bcc\u6709\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\u5730\u6bd4\u4f5c\u706b\u70ed\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u98de\u8239\u3002\u4f46\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u6211\u5fc5\u987b\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89e3\u91ca\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u4e3b\u6d41\u5723\u7ecf\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u8c28\u614e\u5bf9\u5f85\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e0e\u5176\u5bfb\u627e\u5bf9\u5b87\u5b99\u98de\u8239\u7684\u5b57\u9762\u63d0\u53ca\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5982\u601d\u8003\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6bb5\u843d\u6240\u4f20\u8fbe\u7684\u66f4\u6df1\u5c42\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u771f\u7406\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ee5\u897f\u7ed3\u7684\u5f02\u8c61\u8bc9\u8bf4\u7740\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e34\u5728\u7684\u4ee4\u4eba\u656c\u754f\u548c\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8bae\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u800c\u4ee5\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u5347\u5929\u5219\u5f70\u663e\u4e86\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u548c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u6743\u80fd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c5e\u7075\u73b0\u5b9e\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6280\u672f\u610f\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6211\u9f13\u52b1\u4fe1\u5f92\u53cd\u601d\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u201c\u5723\u7ecf\u4e2d\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u98de\u8239\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u60f3\u6cd5\u4f1a\u5982\u6b64\u5438\u5f15\u4eba\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5b83\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5c06\u53e4\u8001\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u7406\u89e3\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u6e34\u671b\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6280\u672f\u65f6\u4ee3\u5bf9\u795e\u5723\u5e72\u9884\u7684\u5411\u5f80\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u8c28\u614e\u5730\u5c06\u73b0\u4ee3\u6982\u5ff5\u8bfb\u5165\u53e4\u4ee3\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b23\u8d4f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5728\u795e\u5723\u7ecf\u6587\u4e2d\u8de8\u8d8a\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u6587\u5316\u5bfb\u627e\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u548c\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u613f\u671b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u867d\u7136\u5723\u7ecf\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u5230\u5b87\u5b99\u98de\u8239\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u63a2\u8ba8\u68a6\u4e2d\u5b87\u5b99\u98de\u8239\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u8c61\u5f81\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u7ea6\u745f\u3001\u4f46\u4ee5\u7406\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u4e2d\u6240\u770b\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u68a6\u5728\u5723\u7ecf\u4e2d\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u795e\u5723\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6f5c\u5728\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08Kim, 2018; Prugl, 2016, pp. 395\u2013406\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4ece\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u68a6\u4e2d\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u98de\u8239\u53ef\u80fd\u8c61\u5f81\u7740\u51e0\u79cd\u5c5e\u7075\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u6211\u9f13\u52b1\u505a\u68a6\u8005\u601d\u8003\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2a\u4eba\u5bf9\u5b87\u5b99\u98de\u8239\u7684\u8054\u60f3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8054\u60f3\u5982\u4f55\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u751f\u6d3b\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u5b87\u5b99\u98de\u8239\u5524\u8d77\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u60c5\u7eea\uff1f\u5b83\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u5bf9\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u3001\u5bf9\u65b0\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u5174\u594b\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u8981\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e0a\u5e1d\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u68a6\u5883\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u975e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u68a6\u90fd\u5e26\u6709\u795e\u5723\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5728\u89e3\u91ca\u68a6\u5883\u65f6\uff0c\u8fa8\u522b\u3001\u7977\u544a\u4ee5\u53ca\u54a8\u8be2\u503c\u5f97\u4fe1\u8d56\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u5bfc\u5e08\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u7ea6\u7ff0\u4e00\u4e66 4:1 \u6240\u529d\u8beb\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u201c\u8bd5\u9a8c\u90a3\u4e9b\u7075\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fa8\u522b\u4ec0\u4e48\u771f\u6b63\u6765\u81ea\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u68a6\u5728\u5723\u7ecf\u53d9\u4e8b\u4e2d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u795e\u5723\u4ea4\u6d41\u548c\u542f\u793a\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u624b\u6bb5\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u7eb5\u89c2\u5723\u7ecf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4f7f\u7528\u68a6\u6765\u4f20\u8fbe\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u63d0\u4f9b\u6307\u5bfc\u5e76\u5411\u7942\u7684\u9009\u6c11\u751a\u81f3\u975e\u4fe1\u5f92\u63ed\u793a\u672a\u6765\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff08Kim, 2006, 2018\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u65e7\u7ea6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u795e\u5723\u68a6\u5883\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002\u521b\u4e16\u8bb0\u4e2d\u7ea6\u745f\u7684\u68a6\u9884\u793a\u4e86\u4ed6\u672a\u6765\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u89e3\u91ca\u6cd5\u8001\u68a6\u5883\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u6700\u7ec8\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u4ed6\u5728\u57c3\u53ca\u7684\u664b\u5347\u3002\u5148\u77e5\u4f46\u4ee5\u7406\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u89e3\u68a6\u7684\u6069\u8d50\uff0c\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u662f\u4ed6\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u5c3c\u5e03\u7532\u5c3c\u6492\u5173\u4e8e\u5927\u50cf\u7684\u68a6\uff0c\u8fd9\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u5e1d\u56fd\u5b8f\u5927\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\uff08Kim, 2018\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8f6c\u5411\u65b0\u7ea6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u68a6\u5728\u8036\u7a23\u964d\u751f\u7684\u53d9\u4e8b\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u8036\u7a23\u5728\u4e16\u4e0a\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u7ea6\u745f\u591a\u6b21\u901a\u8fc7\u68a6\u5883\u5f97\u5230\u795e\u5723\u7684\u6307\u5f15\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9003\u5f80\u57c3\u53ca\u7684\u6307\u793a\uff08\u9a6c\u592a\u798f\u97f3 2:13\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4ece\u795e\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5723\u7ecf\u8bb0\u8f7d\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u68a6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u795e\u5723\u542f\u793a\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u68a6\u5883\u5728\u5723\u7ecf\u53d9\u4e8b\u4e2d\u7684\u7a81\u51fa\u5730\u4f4d\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u53e4\u4ee3\u8fd1\u4e1c\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5373\u68a6\u5883\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u89c6\u4e3a\u795e\u5723\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u4f46\u5fc5\u987b\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u5723\u7ecf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u68a6\u90fd\u662f\u795e\u5723\u7684\u542f\u793a\uff0c\u5723\u7ecf\u4e5f\u8b66\u544a\u8981\u63d0\u9632\u90a3\u4e9b\u53ef\u80fd\u58f0\u79f0\u6709\u795e\u5723\u68a6\u5883\u7684\u5047\u5148\u77e5\uff08\u8036\u5229\u7c73\u4e66 23:25-32\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6211\u544a\u8beb\u4e0d\u8981\u8fc7\u5206\u5f3a\u8c03\u68a6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f53\u4eca\u795e\u5723\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4e0a\u5e1d\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u68a6\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u62e5\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5723\u7ecf\u542f\u793a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6307\u5357\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u68a6\u5883\u542f\u793a\u90fd\u5e94\u6839\u636e\u5723\u7ecf\u771f\u7406\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u9a8c\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u8fa8\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5723\u7ecf\u4e2d\u7684\u68a6\u5883\u6709\u529b\u5730\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6e34\u671b\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u9f13\u52b1\u6211\u4eec\u4fdd\u6301\u5bf9\u795e\u5723\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5c06\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u624e\u6839\u4e8e\u5723\u7ecf\u548c\u4fe1\u5f92\u56e2\u4f53\u7684\u575a\u5b9e\u57fa\u7840\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u5723\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u514b\u91cc\u7d22\u65af\u6258\u4ee5\u5176\u5b9e\u8df5\u6027\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u800c\u95fb\u540d\uff0c\u4ed6\u901a\u5e38\u5bf9\u89e3\u68a6\u6301\u6000\u7591\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u4ed6\u8b66\u544a\u4e0d\u8981\u5bfb\u6c42\u5360\u535c\u8005\u6765\u89e3\u68a6\u7684\u5f02\u6559\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u8f6c\u800c\u5f3a\u8c03\u5728\u6e05\u9192\u65f6\u8fc7\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u5fb7\u884c\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u514b\u91cc\u7d22\u65af\u6258\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b87\u5b99\u98de\u8239\u7684\u68a6\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u5947\u95fb\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5efa\u8bae\u5c06\u91cd\u70b9\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u653e\u5728\u6e05\u9192\u65f6\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u548c\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5949\u732e\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7279\u571f\u826f\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u8bba\u7075\u9b42\u300b\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u68a6\u5883\u53ef\u80fd\u6765\u81ea\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3001\u9b54\u9b3c\u6216\u81ea\u7136\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u4ed6\u5efa\u8bae\u5728\u89e3\u91ca\u65f6\u5e94\u8003\u8651\u505a\u68a6\u8005\u7684\u6027\u683c\u548c\u68a6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b87\u5b99\u98de\u8239\u7684\u68a6\uff0c\u7279\u571f\u826f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9f13\u52b1\u5ba1\u89c6\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u8fd1\u671f\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fa8\u522b\u5176\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u867d\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u6240\u77e5\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u98de\u8239\u5728\u5723\u7ecf\u65f6\u4ee3\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u51e0\u4f4d\u5723\u7ecf\u4eba\u7269\u4ee5\u5176\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u68a6\u5883\u800c\u95fb\u540d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u68a6\u5883\u6216\u8bb8\u80fd\u4e3a\u89e3\u8bfb\u5173\u4e8e\u5148\u8fdb\u6280\u672f\u6216\u5929\u56fd\u4ea4\u901a\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u68a6\u63d0\u4f9b\u542f\u793a\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u96c5\u5404\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u7ea6\u745f\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u5723\u7ecf\u4e2d\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u505a\u68a6\u8005\u3002\u4ed6\u68a6\u89c1\u5929\u4f53\u5411\u4ed6\u4e0b\u62dc\uff08\u521b\u4e16\u8bb0 37:9\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5b87\u5b99\u65c5\u884c\u6216\u76f8\u9047\u7684\u68a6\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u7ea6\u745f\u7684\u68a6\u9884\u793a\u4e86\u4ed6\u672a\u6765\u5d07\u9ad8\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5b87\u5b99\u98de\u8239\u7684\u68a6\u53ef\u80fd\u9884\u793a\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u5c5e\u7075\u4e0a\u88ab\u201c\u63d0\u5347\u201d\u6216\u88ab\u547c\u53ec\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u66f4\u9ad8\u4f7f\u547d\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5148\u77e5\u4f46\u4ee5\u7406\u4ee5\u89e3\u68a6\u548c\u5f02\u8c61\u800c\u95fb\u540d\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5c3c\u5e03\u7532\u5c3c\u6492\u5173\u4e8e\u4ee3\u8868\u738b\u56fd\u7684\u5927\u50cf\u7684\u68a6\uff08\u4f46\u4ee5\u7406\u4e66 2\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u4ee5\u7406\u7406\u89e3\u68a6\u4e2d\u590d\u6742\u8c61\u5f81\u610f\u8c61\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u7801\u5b87\u5b99\u98de\u8239\u7b49\u73b0\u4ee3\u6280\u672f\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u897f\u7ed3\u5173\u4e8e\u795e\u5723\u6218\u8f66\u7684\u5f02\u8c61\uff08\u4ee5\u897f\u7ed3\u4e66 ##\uff09\u5c24\u4e3a\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8f6e\u72b6\u7269\u4f53\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5728\u5929\u7a7a\u4e2d\u8fc5\u901f\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e0e\u4eba\u4eec\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e0d\u660e\u98de\u884c\u7269\u6216\u5b87\u5b99\u98de\u8239\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u51e0\u5206\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5f02\u8c61\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8363\u8000\u548c\u79fb\u52a8\u6027\uff0c\u6697\u793a\u5b87\u5b99\u98de\u8239\u7684\u68a6\u53ef\u80fd\u8c61\u5f81\u7740\u795e\u5723\u7684\u4e34\u5728\u6216\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u89c9\u9192\u3002<\/p>\n
\u96c5\u5404\u68a6\u89c1\u901a\u5929\u68af\uff08\u521b\u4e16\u8bb0 28:10-17\uff09\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e73\u884c\u70b9\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u5b87\u5b99\u98de\u8239\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u68af\u5b50\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u5730\u7403\u4e0e\u795e\u5723\u9886\u57df\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u68a6\u80af\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5e94\u8bb8\u548c\u96c5\u5404\u7684\u547c\u53ec\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u5b87\u5b99\u98de\u8239\u7684\u68a6\u53ef\u80fd\u540c\u6837\u4ee3\u8868\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u6216\u795e\u5723\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u5f92\u7ea6\u7ff0\u5728\u542f\u793a\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u5f02\u8c61\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5728\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\u4e0d\u662f\u68a6\uff0c\u4f46\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5929\u4e0a\u7684\u7269\u4f53\u964d\u4e34\u5230\u5730\u7403\u7684\u610f\u8c61\uff08\u542f\u793a\u5f55 21:2\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u5b87\u5b99\u98de\u8239\u5230\u8fbe\u7684\u68a6\u5883\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u8c61\u5f81\u7740\u4e0a\u5e1d\u738b\u56fd\u7684\u5230\u6765\u6216\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n
\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5723\u7ecf\u4e2d\u7684\u505a\u68a6\u8005\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5177\u4f53\u9047\u5230\u5b87\u5b99\u98de\u8239\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u68a6\u4e2d\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u3001\u795e\u5723\u548c\u672a\u6765\u4e3b\u4e49\u610f\u8c61\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5bfc\u6211\u4eec\u89e3\u91ca\u73b0\u4ee3\u68a6\u5883\u7b26\u53f7\u3002\u5173\u952e\u662f\u8981\u8d85\u8d8a\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u8c61\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u5176\u5c5e\u7075\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5b83\u5982\u4f55\u4ee3\u8868\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u65c5\u7a0b\uff0c\u6216\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u751f\u547d\u7684\u795e\u5723\u4fe1\u606f\uff08Frosh, 2001, pp. 18\u201327; Willbern, 1979, p. 97\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7406\u89e3\u68a6\u4e2d\u5b87\u5b99\u98de\u8239\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u65c5\u7a0b\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u80fd\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee5\u53ca\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u6210\u957f\u63d0\u4f9b\u6d1e\u89c1\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5b87\u5b99\u98de\u8239\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u80fd\u591f\u8d85\u8d8a\u5730\u7403\u9650\u5236\u7684\u4ea4\u901a\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5728\u5c5e\u7075\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c61\u5f81\u7075\u9b42\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e16\u4fd7\u5fe7\u8651\u5e76\u4e0e\u795e\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u5b87\u5b99\u98de\u8239\u6446\u8131\u5730\u7403\u5f15\u529b\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u547c\u53ec\u6446\u8131\u963b\u788d\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c5e\u7075\u6210\u957f\u7684\u7f6a\u6076\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216\u4e16\u4fd7\u4f9d\u604b\uff08\u6b4c\u7f57\u897f\u4e66 3:2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5b87\u5b99\u98de\u8239\u7684\u5148\u8fdb\u6280\u672f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee3\u8868\u795e\u5723\u7684\u667a\u6167\u6216\u542f\u793a\u3002\u68a6\u89c1\u64cd\u4f5c\u6216\u4e58\u5750\u5b87\u5b99\u98de\u8239\u53ef\u80fd\u8868\u660e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6b63\u5728\u8d4b\u4e88\u505a\u68a6\u8005\u8d85\u8d8a\u5176\u81ea\u7136\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u6069\u8d50\u6216\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\uff08\u54e5\u6797\u591a\u524d\u4e66 2:9-10\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5bf9\u5728\u6e05\u9192\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u66f4\u6073\u5207\u5730\u5bfb\u6c42\u4e0a\u5e1d\u667a\u6167\u7684\u9f13\u52b1\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5b87\u5b99\u98de\u8239\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u9a76\u5411\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u884c\u661f\u6216\u6052\u661f\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u8c61\u5f81\u7740\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u8fdb\u5165\u4fe1\u4ef0\u66f4\u6df1\u9886\u57df\u6216\u5c5e\u7075\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u672a\u63a2\u7d22\u533a\u57df\u7684\u65c5\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u51ed\u4fe1\u5fc3\u8d70\u51fa\u53bb\u7684\u547c\u53ec\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4e9a\u4f2f\u62c9\u7f55\u201c\u51fa\u53bb\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0d\u77e5\u5f80\u54ea\u91cc\u53bb\u201d\uff08\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u4e66 11:8\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5b87\u5b99\u98de\u8239\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4e00\u8258\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6709\u5e8f\u3001\u548c\u8c10\u7684\u822a\u5929\u5668\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee3\u8868\u5c06\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u65e8\u610f\u5bf9\u9f50\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e0e\u548c\u5e73\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4e00\u8258\u6df7\u4e71\u6216\u6545\u969c\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u98de\u8239\u53ef\u80fd\u8868\u660e\u9700\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u5931\u5e8f\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5b87\u5b99\u98de\u8239\u4e0a\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u547d\u7684\u76f8\u9047\u53ef\u80fd\u8c61\u5f81\u7740\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4fe1\u5f92\u7684\u56e2\u5951\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u5929\u4f7f\u7684\u76f8\u9047\uff0c\u63d0\u9192\u505a\u68a6\u8005\u5468\u56f4\u6709\u201c\u5982\u540c\u4e91\u5f69\u822c\u7684\u89c1\u8bc1\u4eba\u201d\uff08\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u4e66 12:1\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4ece\u5b87\u5b99\u98de\u8239\u4e0a\u770b\u5230\u7684\u5e7f\u9614\u592a\u7a7a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5524\u8d77\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u65e0\u9650\u672c\u8d28\u548c\u505a\u68a6\u8005\u76f8\u5bf9\u6e3a\u5c0f\u7684\u611f\u89c9\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u57f9\u517b\u8c26\u5351\u548c\u656c\u754f\u4e4b\u5fc3\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c6\u89d2\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4fdd\u6301\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5b8f\u5927\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u770b\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u53cd\u601d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u5bf9\u5176\u5c5e\u7075\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6d1e\u5bdf\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u9f13\u52b1\u6216\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u5e76\u8fa8\u522b\u4e0a\u5e1d\u53ef\u80fd\u547c\u53ec\u4ed6\u4eec\u6210\u957f\u6216\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u9886\u57df\u3002\u5b87\u5b99\u98de\u8239\u7684\u68a6\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5bd3\u8a00\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5145\u6ee1\u5c5e\u7075\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5bfc\u4fe1\u5f92\u6e05\u9192\u65f6\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u6001\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7406\u89e3\u6b64\u7c7b\u68a6\u5883\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u6df1\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u7977\u544a\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b66\u4f1a\u66f4\u52a0\u5173\u6ce8\u4e0a\u5e1d\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u5404\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6f5c\u610f\u8bc6\uff09\u5411\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff08Katsilometes, 2010, pp. 189\u2013205; Mlisa, 2020, pp. 220\u2013239; Schlamm, 2008\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4ece\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u68a6\u89c1\u5b87\u5b99\u98de\u8239\u53ef\u4ee5\u63ed\u793a\u5173\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u5fc3\u7406\u548c\u60c5\u7eea\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u62b1\u8d1f\u548c\u6050\u60e7\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6d1e\u5bdf\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8363\u683c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b87\u5b99\u98de\u8239\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u8f6c\u53d8\u5de5\u5177\u201d\u539f\u578b\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u8868\u73b0\u3002\u5361\u5c14\u00b7\u8363\u683c\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u68a6\u4e2d\u7684\u6b64\u7c7b\u7b26\u53f7\u901a\u5e38\u4ee3\u8868\u4e2a\u4f53\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u2014\u2014\u5373\u6210\u4e3a\u771f\u5b9e\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u65c5\u7a0b\u3002\u5b87\u5b99\u98de\u8239\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u80fd\u591f\u7a7f\u8d8a\u5e7f\u9614\u8ddd\u79bb\u548c\u672a\u77e5\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u8c61\u5f81\u7740\u505a\u68a6\u8005\u7684\u5fc3\u7075\u8e0f\u4e0a\u4e86\u81ea\u6211\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u6210\u957f\u7684\u65c5\u7a0b\uff08Tedlock, 1987\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u201c\u5fc3\u7406\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e5f\u5f88\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u5b87\u5b99\u98de\u8239\u5728\u5e7f\u9614\u7684\u592a\u7a7a\u4e2d\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u53d7\u63a7\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u68a6\u89c1\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u8868\u660e\u9700\u8981\u5fc3\u7406\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u6216\u6e34\u671b\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a2\u7d22\u5185\u5fc3\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u538b\u5012\u6027\u60c5\u7eea\u6216\u5916\u90e8\u538b\u529b\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5c06\u8bb8\u591a\u5b87\u5b99\u98de\u8239\u7684\u9633\u5177\u5f62\u72b6\u89c6\u4e3a\u6027\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u8868\u660e\u88ab\u538b\u6291\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u6216\u4e0e\u7537\u6027\u6c14\u8d28\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f46\u73b0\u4ee3\u68a6\u5883\u5206\u6790\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u91c7\u53d6\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u505a\u68a6\u8005\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u8054\u60f3\u548c\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u73af\u5883\uff08By et al., 1967, pp. 72\u201372; Willbern, 1979, p. 97\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5b87\u5b99\u98de\u8239\u4e2d\u201c\u79bb\u5f00\u5730\u7403\u201d\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u79cd\u9003\u907f\u5f53\u524d\u95ee\u9898\u6216\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u613f\u671b\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u8868\u660e\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u77e5\u6240\u63aa\uff0c\u6216\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u751f\u6d3b\u6311\u6218\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u3002\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u8c61\u5f81\u7740\u96c4\u5fc3\u58ee\u5fd7\u548c\u8d85\u8d8a\u5f53\u524d\u5904\u5883\u7684\u6e34\u671b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5b87\u5b99\u98de\u8239\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u9762\u677f\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee3\u8868\u505a\u68a6\u8005\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5bf9\u63a7\u5236\u611f\uff08\u6216\u7f3a\u4e4f\u63a7\u5236\u611f\uff09\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u3002\u68a6\u89c1\u6210\u529f\u9a7e\u9a76\u5b87\u5b99\u98de\u8239\u53ef\u80fd\u8868\u660e\u81ea\u4fe1\u548c\u65b9\u5411\u611f\uff0c\u800c\u96be\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u98de\u8239\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u6e05\u9192\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u65e0\u529b\u611f\u6216\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u3002<\/p>\n
\u592a\u7a7a\u65c5\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0e\u5916\u661f\u751f\u547d\u7684\u76f8\u9047\u53ef\u80fd\u8c61\u5f81\u7740\u4e0e\u81ea\u6211\u672a\u77e5\u6216\u672a\u88ab\u627f\u8ba4\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u76f8\u9047\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u201c\u9634\u5f71\u201d\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\u2014\u2014\u5373\u6211\u4eec\u538b\u6291\u6216\u5c1a\u672a\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4ece\u8ba4\u77e5\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u5b87\u5b99\u98de\u8239\u7b49\u672a\u6765\u6280\u672f\u7684\u68a6\u5883\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5927\u8111\u5904\u7406\u548c\u6574\u5408\u6e05\u9192\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u9047\u5230\u7684\u65b0\u4fe1\u606f\u6216\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u6280\u672f\u98de\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u53ef\u80fd\u5c24\u4e3a\u76f8\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4ece\u5b87\u5b99\u98de\u8239\u4e0a\u770b\u5230\u7684\u5e7f\u9614\u592a\u7a7a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5524\u8d77\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3b\u9898\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u53cd\u601d\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u751f\u547d\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u8868\u660e\u505a\u68a6\u8005\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u6b63\u5904\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u54f2\u5b66\u8d28\u7591\u6216\u5c5e\u7075\u5bfb\u6c42\u7684\u65f6\u671f\uff08Ehinger, 2009; King et al., 2015; Pereviazko, 2022\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u73b0\u4ee3\u5b87\u5b99\u98de\u8239\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u5723\u7ecf\u610f\u8c61\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u89c1\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u5b87\u5b99\u98de\u8239\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6210\u5c31\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5de5\u7a0b\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ece\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u624b\u6bb5\u5230\u6280\u672f\u624b\u6bb5\u5347\u5929\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4ece\u53e4\u4ee3\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u5f53\u524d\u79d1\u5b66\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u7684\u53d8\u8fc1\u3002<\/p>\n
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