{"id":2694,"date":"2024-05-24T19:00:55","date_gmt":"2024-05-24T19:00:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/lutheran-vs-nondenominational\/"},"modified":"2024-12-03T20:31:25","modified_gmt":"2024-12-03T20:31:25","slug":"lutheran-vs-nondenominational","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/zh\/learn\/lutheran-vs-nondenominational\/","title":{"rendered":"\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u4e0e\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\uff1a\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6bd4\u8f83"},"content":{"rendered":"
This entry is part 11 of 58 in the series \u6559\u6d3e\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n

\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u548c\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5171\u540c\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4fe1\u4ef0\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u548c\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u90fd\u575a\u5b88\u56e0\u4fe1\u79f0\u4e49\u7684\u6551\u8d4e\u6559\u4e49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u57fa\u7840\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7531\u9a6c\u4e01\u00b7\u8def\u5fb7\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u671f\u95f4\u6709\u529b\u5730\u9610\u8ff0\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f20\u7edf\u5728\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6551\u8d4e\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e0a\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77(Davis & Rodriguez, 2024)\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u786e\u8ba4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u9020\u7269\u4e3b\u548c\u597d\u5e76\u975e\u4f9d\u9760\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u529f\u5fb7\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f9d\u9760\u4e0a\u5e1d\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u6069\u5178\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6069\u5178\u5f70\u663e\u5728\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u751f\u3001\u6b7b\u548c\u590d\u6d3b\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u6027\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\u70b9\u3002\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f20\u7edf\u90fd\u89c6\u5723\u7ecf\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6240\u9ed8\u793a\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6559\u4e49\u548c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u89e3\u8bfb\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u5723\u7ecf\u4f5c\u4e3a\u795e\u5723\u542f\u793a\u7684\u5171\u540c\u5c0a\u5d07\u662f\u6bcb\u5eb8\u7f6e\u7591\u7684(Brandon, 1962)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u548c\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u90fd\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e2a\u4eba\u4fe1\u4ef0\u548c\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u76f4\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u627f\u8ba4\u4fe1\u5f92\u7686\u796d\u53f8\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u6bcf\u4e2a\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u57fa\u7763\u76f4\u63a5\u63a5\u89e6\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u4e2d\u4ecb(Ruhr et al., 2021)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6d17\u793c\u548c\u5723\u9910\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5723\u793c\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u6267\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5171\u540c\u575a\u4fe1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u795e\u5723\u7684\u4eea\u5f0f\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5c06\u6069\u5178\u4f20\u8fbe\u7ed9\u4fe1\u5f92\u7684\u5a92\u4ecb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f20\u7edf\u4e5f\u90fd\u5f3a\u8c03\u798f\u97f3\u4f20\u64ad\u548c\u5ba3\u6559\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u5411\u4e16\u754c\u5206\u4eab\u798f\u97f3\u7684\u547c\u53ec\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u6d41\u9732\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u201c\u5927\u4f7f\u547d\u201d\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6211\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5171\u540c\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u8eab\u4efd\u611f\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u611f\uff0c\u5c06\u4fe1\u5f92\u951a\u5b9a\u5728\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7231\u4e0e\u6551\u8d4e\u7684\u5171\u540c\u53d9\u4e8b\u4e2d\u3002\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5171\u540c\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u8be5\u8fd0\u52a8\u65e8\u5728\u56de\u5f52\u5723\u7ecf\u4e2d\u6240\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u672c\u8d28\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u8fc8\u5411\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5408\u4e00\u7684\u65c5\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5e76\u5e86\u795d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5171\u540c\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\u5171\u540c\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8868\u8fbe\u65b9\u5f0f\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u771f\u7406\u5c06\u6211\u4eec\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u7d27\u5bc6\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u548c\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u6559\u4f1a\u5728\u656c\u62dc\u98ce\u683c\u4e0a\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u540c\uff1f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u7684\u656c\u62dc\u5f80\u5f80\u66f4\u52a0\u6b63\u5f0f\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\uff0c\u9075\u5faa\u4e00\u79cd\u690d\u6839\u4e8e\u65e9\u671f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f1a\u5e76\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u671f\u95f4\u5f97\u5230\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u793c\u4eea\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u793c\u62dc\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u7977\u544a\u3001\u5e94\u7b54\u5f0f\u8bfb\u7ecf\u548c\u9884\u5b9a\u7684\u656c\u62dc\u987a\u5e8f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u793c\u4eea\u901a\u5e38\u9075\u5faa\u6559\u4f1a\u5e74\u5386\uff0c\u8bfb\u7ecf\u548c\u4e3b\u9898\u6839\u636e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5e74\u5ea6\u7684\u5b63\u8282\u800c\u53d8\u5316(Ruth, 2017, pp. 3\u20136)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u656c\u62dc\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u5723\u9910\u7684\u5e86\u795d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6bcf\u5468\u4e3e\u884c\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u76f8\u4fe1\u57fa\u7763\u5728\u5723\u793c\u4e2d\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u4e34\u5728\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6559\u4e49\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u540c\u8d28\u8bf4\uff08consubstantiation\uff09\u3002\u793c\u62dc\u901a\u5e38\u4f34\u6709\u4f20\u7edf\u8d5e\u7f8e\u8bd7\uff0c\u7ba1\u98ce\u7434\u97f3\u4e50\u5f88\u5e38\u89c1\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8bb8\u591a\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u6559\u4f1a\u4e5f\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u5730\u878d\u5165\u73b0\u4ee3\u97f3\u4e50(Stauffer, 1996)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u7684\u656c\u62dc\u4eea\u5f0f\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u6b63\u5f0f\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u4e5f\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6559\u4f1a\u901a\u5e38\u5f3a\u8c03\u66f4\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u656c\u62dc\u98ce\u683c\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u8d5e\u7f8e\u656c\u62dc\u97f3\u4e50\u662f\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u8272\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u5409\u4ed6\u3001\u9f13\u548c\u952e\u76d8\u7684\u4e50\u961f\u5f88\u5e38\u89c1\uff0c\u8425\u9020\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u50cf\u97f3\u4e50\u4f1a\u7684\u6c1b\u56f4(Fultz, 2010)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u793c\u62dc\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u9075\u5faa\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u793c\u4eea\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u7977\u544a\u548c\u656c\u62dc\u4e2d\u66f4\u52a0\u81ea\u53d1\u3002\u91cd\u70b9\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u4e8e\u4e3a\u53c2\u52a0\u8005\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u521a\u63a5\u89e6\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u4e00\u79cd\u5f15\u4eba\u5165\u80dc\u4e14\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4e5f\u5b9e\u884c\u5723\u9910\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6bcf\u5468\u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u7684\u7eaa\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5723\u793c\u4eea\u5f0f(Goh, 2008, pp. 284\u2013304)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ece\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u656c\u62dc\u98ce\u683c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5438\u5f15\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u656c\u62dc\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u3001\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u79cd\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u548c\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u611f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u719f\u6089\u7684\u4eea\u5f0f\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b89\u6170\u3002\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u656c\u62dc\u66f4\u5177\u6d3b\u529b\u3001\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u98ce\u683c\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u9020\u4e00\u79cd\u5373\u65f6\u611f\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u5438\u5f15\u90a3\u4e9b\u5bfb\u6c42\u66f4\u5177\u4f53\u9a8c\u6027\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5dee\u5f02\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u53ca\u968f\u540e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u656c\u62dc\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u793c\u4eea\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6539\u9769\u4ee5\u7b26\u5408\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u795e\u5b66\u3002\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u656c\u62dc\u901a\u5e38\u53d7\u5230\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u548c\u7075\u6069\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u66f4\u5f7b\u5e95\u5730\u6253\u7834\u4f20\u7edf\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4f20\u7edf\u5185\u7684\u4e2a\u522b\u6559\u4f1a\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0a\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u6559\u4f1a\u73b0\u5728\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u793c\u62dc\u4e4b\u5916\u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u73b0\u4ee3\u793c\u62dc\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u4e9b\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u6559\u4f1a\u5219\u878d\u5165\u4e86\u793c\u4eea\u656c\u62dc\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u548c\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5728\u6551\u8d4e\u89c2\u4e0a\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5173\u952e\u533a\u522b\uff1f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u8ffd\u968f\u9a6c\u4e01\u00b7\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u6559\u5bfc\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u201c\u552f\u72ec\u4fe1\u5fc3\u201d(sola fide)\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u2014\u2014\u5373\u552f\u72ec\u56e0\u4fe1\u79f0\u4e49\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u6551\u8d4e\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6069\u5178\u7684\u793c\u7269\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fe1\u4ef0\u672c\u8eab\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u793c\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u529f\u5fb7\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u6559\u5bfc\u8bf4\uff0c\u6d17\u793c\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u63d0\u4f9b\u5bbd\u6055\u548c\u6551\u8d4e\u7684\u6069\u5178\u5a92\u4ecb\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5bf9\u5a74\u513f\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64(Davis & Rodriguez, 2024)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4e2d\uff0c\u6551\u8d4e\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u4fe1\u5f92\u56e0\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u7f18\u6545\u88ab\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5ba3\u544a\u4e3a\u4e49\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u5c06\u6210\u5723\u2014\u2014\u5373\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u50cf\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u2014\u2014\u89c6\u4e3a\u5723\u7075\u5728\u4fe1\u5f92\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u76f8\u4fe1\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u62d2\u7edd\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u662f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4ece\u6069\u5178\u4e2d\u5815\u843d\u7684(Yi & Graziul, 2017, pp. 231\u2013250)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u901a\u5e38\u6765\u81ea\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u5bf9\u6551\u8d4e\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u6837\u5316\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e2a\u4eba\u51b3\u5b9a\u63a5\u53d7\u57fa\u7763\u4e3a\u6551\u4e3b\uff0c\u5e38\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u201c\u91cd\u751f\u201d\u3002\u50cf\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u56e0\u4fe1\u79f0\u4e49\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u4fe1\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4f5c\u7528(Ruhr et al., 2021)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8bb8\u591a\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u6559\u4f1a\u6559\u5bfc\u201c\u6c38\u6052\u4fdd\u969c\u201d\u6216\u201c\u4e00\u6b21\u5f97\u6551\uff0c\u6c38\u8fdc\u5f97\u6551\u201d\u7684\u6559\u4e49\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb\u6551\u8d4e\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u5c06\u6d17\u793c\u89c6\u4e3a\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u516c\u5f00\u5ba3\u544a\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u6069\u5178\u7684\u5a92\u4ecb\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u901a\u5e38\u5b9e\u884c\u4fe1\u5f92\u6d17\u793c\u800c\u975e\u5a74\u513f\u6d17\u793c(Nicolas et al., 2023)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ece\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5851\u9020\u4fe1\u5f92\u5728\u4fe1\u4ef0\u65c5\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u611f\u548c\u52a8\u529b\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u5bf9\u6d17\u793c\u6069\u5178\u7684\u5f3a\u8c03\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u79cd\u4ece\u751f\u547d\u65e9\u671f\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u611f\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u57f9\u517b\u51fa\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u8d23\u4efb\u611f\u548c\u627f\u8bfa\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5dee\u5f02\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u53ca\u968f\u540e\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u5173\u4e8e\u79f0\u4e49\u7684\u6559\u5bfc\u662f\u5bf9\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u8d4e\u7f6a\u5238\u548c\u529f\u5fb7\u8bba\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u53cd\u52a8\u3002\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u901a\u5e38\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u540e\u6765\u590d\u5174\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f20\u7edf\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6551\u8d4e\u6559\u4e49\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u6301\u6709\u6551\u8d4e\u6765\u81ea\u57fa\u7763\u4e14\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6069\u5178\u793c\u7269\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u548c\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u6559\u4f1a\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884c\u5723\u7ecf\u89e3\u8bfb\uff1f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u6559\u4f1a\u6709\u7740\u60a0\u4e45\u7684\u5723\u7ecf\u5b66\u672f\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u690d\u6839\u4e8e\u9a6c\u4e01\u00b7\u8def\u5fb7\u5bf9\u201c\u552f\u72ec\u5723\u7ecf\u201d\uff08sola scriptura\uff09\u7684\u5f3a\u8c03\u2014\u2014\u5373\u5723\u7ecf\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6559\u4e49\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u6743\u5a01\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u901a\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u5386\u53f2-\u8bed\u6cd5\u89e3\u8bfb\u6cd5\uff0c\u5bfb\u6c42\u7406\u89e3\u5723\u7ecf\u6587\u672c\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u80cc\u666f\u548c\u542b\u4e49(Brandon, 1962)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u5723\u7ecf\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5f8b\u6cd5\u548c\u798f\u97f3\u3002\u5f8b\u6cd5\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u65e8\u610f\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u7f6a\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u798f\u97f3\u5219\u5ba3\u544a\u4e86\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u91cc\u7684\u6069\u5178\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e0e\u798f\u97f3\u201d\u7684\u8be0\u91ca\u5b66\u662f\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u8bb2\u9053\u548c\u6559\u5bfc\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u4e5f\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u4fe1\u6761\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u300a\u534f\u540c\u4e66\u300b\uff08Book of Concord\uff09\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u6765\u89e3\u8bfb\u5723\u7ecf\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u5176\u89c6\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5723\u7ecf\u771f\u7406\u7684\u5fe0\u5b9e\u9610\u8ff0(Stauffer, 1996)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u4e2a\u4eba\u89e3\u8bfb\u548c\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u7406\u89e3\u4e4b\u95f4\u4fdd\u6301\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u5728\u786e\u8ba4\u5723\u7ecf\u5728\u6551\u8d4e\u672c\u8d28\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u7684\u6e05\u6670\u6027\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u627f\u8ba4\u6559\u4f1a\u5386\u53f2\u89e3\u8bfb\u548c\u53d7\u8fc7\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u89c1\u89e3\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u6559\u4f1a\u901a\u5e38\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u4e2a\u4eba\u5316\u7684\u5723\u7ecf\u89e3\u8bfb\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u9075\u5faa\u201c\u4fe1\u5f92\u7686\u796d\u53f8\u201d\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u9f13\u52b1\u6bcf\u4e2a\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5728\u5723\u7075\u7684\u5f15\u5bfc\u4e0b\u81ea\u5df1\u9605\u8bfb\u548c\u89e3\u8bfb\u5723\u7ecf(Ruhr et al., 2021)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u6559\u4f1a\u5185\u90e8\u89e3\u8bfb\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u91c7\u7528\u66f4\u5b57\u9762\u6216\u201c\u5e38\u8bc6\u6027\u201d\u7684\u5723\u7ecf\u9605\u8bfb\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u878d\u5165\u5386\u53f2\u6279\u5224\u5b66\u672f\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u6559\u4f1a\u5f3a\u8c03\u5723\u7ecf\u6587\u672c\u5728\u5f53\u4ee3\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5173\u6ce8\u5723\u7ecf\u5982\u4f55\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u8bf4\u8bdd(Fultz, 2010)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ece\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5851\u9020\u4fe1\u5f92\u4e0e\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u5c5e\u7075\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u611f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7406\u89e3\u590d\u6742\u6587\u672c\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u89e3\u8bfb\u7684\u5f3a\u8c03\u53ef\u4ee5\u57f9\u517b\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8bdd\u8bed\u76f4\u63a5\u63a5\u89e6\u7684\u611f\u89c9\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u4f1a\u4f17\u5185\u90e8\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5dee\u5f02\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u53ca\u968f\u540e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u5bf9\u5723\u7ecf\u6743\u5a01\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u4fe1\u5f92\u53ef\u53ca\u6027\u7684\u575a\u6301\u5728\u4ed6\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u662f\u9769\u547d\u6027\u7684\u3002\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u540e\u6765\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4f20\u7edf\u5185\u7684\u4e2a\u522b\u6559\u4f1a\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0a\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u6559\u4f1a\u73b0\u5728\u878d\u5165\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u5723\u7ecf\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u4e9b\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u6559\u4f1a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u91c7\u7528\u66f4\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684\u89e3\u8bfb\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u548c\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u6559\u4f1a\u5728\u6559\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u9886\u5bfc\u5c42\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b\uff1f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u6559\u4f1a\u901a\u5e38\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u7b49\u7ea7\u5316\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u690d\u6839\u4e8e\u5176\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u5bf9\u6559\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u56e2\u4f53\u62e5\u6709\u7531\u4e3b\u6559\u6216\u4e3b\u5e2d\u76d1\u7763\u7684\u533a\u57df\u6027\u4e3b\u6559\u533a\u6216\u6559\u533a\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5f53\u5730\u4f1a\u4f17\u7531\u53d7\u8fc7\u7279\u5b9a\u795e\u5b66\u57f9\u8bad\u548c\u6309\u7acb\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u53d7\u6309\u7acb\u7267\u5e08\u9886\u5bfc(Morris & Blanton, 1995, pp. 29\u201344)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u7267\u5e08\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u795e\u5723\u7684\u547c\u53ec\uff0c\u6309\u7acb\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u7ec8\u8eab\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u3002\u7267\u5e08\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u4e2a\u522b\u4f1a\u4f17\u547c\u53ec\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u56e2\u4f53\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u6559\u4f1a\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u6709\u5e73\u4fe1\u5f92\u9886\u5bfc\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u5982\u6559\u4f1a\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e0e\u7267\u5e08\u4e00\u8d77\u7ba1\u7406\u4f1a\u4f17(Stauffer, 1996)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u656c\u62dc\u7684\u5723\u793c\u6027\u8d28\u610f\u5473\u7740\u67d0\u4e9b\u804c\u80fd\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u65bd\u884c\u5723\u793c\uff0c\u662f\u4fdd\u7559\u7ed9\u53d7\u6309\u7acb\u7684\u5723\u804c\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5bf9\u7267\u5e08\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5965\u79d8\u7ba1\u5bb6\u201d\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u6559\u4f1a\u901a\u5e38\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u81ea\u6cbb\u548c\u591a\u6837\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u5b97\u6d3e\u7b49\u7ea7\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4f1a\u4f17\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u6cbb\u7406\u548c\u51b3\u7b56\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u3002\u9886\u5bfc\u7ed3\u6784\u5dee\u5f02\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u4ece\u5355\u4e00\u7267\u5e08\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u5230\u62e5\u6709\u591a\u4f4d\u957f\u8001\u6216\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\u7684\u6559\u4f1a(Goh, 2008, pp. 284\u2013304)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u6559\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6069\u8d50\u548c\u547c\u53ec\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u6309\u7acb\u3002\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u6839\u636e\u5176\u88ab\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u6210\u719f\u5ea6\u3001\u9886\u5bfc\u80fd\u529b\u6216\u5723\u7ecf\u77e5\u8bc6\u6765\u4efb\u547d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u8d44\u5386\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u66f4\u5177\u591a\u6837\u6027\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u56e2\u961f\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u6765\u81ea\u5404\u79cd\u4e13\u4e1a\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u4eba\u5458(Fultz, 2010)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u4fe1\u5f92\u7686\u796d\u53f8\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u6559\u4f1a\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u53d7\u5230\u5f3a\u70c8\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5e73\u4fe1\u5f92\u5728\u4e8b\u5de5\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6559\u5bfc\u548c\u5e26\u9886\u656c\u62dc\uff0c\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ece\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u6210\u5458\u7684\u5f52\u5c5e\u611f\u548c\u53c2\u4e0e\u611f\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u6559\u4f1a\u66f4\u660e\u786e\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u611f\u548c\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u5141\u8bb8\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u53c2\u4e0e\u548c\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5dee\u5f02\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u53ca\u968f\u540e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u6559\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u4ece\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7b49\u7ea7\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u6539\u9769\u4e2d\u6f14\u53d8\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u7ed3\u6784\u901a\u5e38\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u540e\u6765\u5f3a\u8c03\u5730\u65b9\u6559\u4f1a\u81ea\u6cbb\u548c\u5e73\u4fe1\u5f92\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u7c7b\u522b\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u5927\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u56e2\u4f53\u62e5\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4f1a\u4f17\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u4e9b\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u6559\u4f1a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u66f4\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u548c\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u6559\u4f1a\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85\u5723\u793c\uff1f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u6559\u4f1a\u690d\u6839\u4e8e\u9a6c\u4e01\u00b7\u8def\u5fb7\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u6559\u5bfc\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u627f\u8ba4\u4e24\u4e2a\u5723\u793c\uff1a\u6d17\u793c\u548c\u5723\u9910\uff08\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u665a\u9910\uff09(Turrell, 2014, pp. 139\u2013158)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5723\u793c\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u6069\u5178\u7684\u53ef\u89c1\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u7531\u57fa\u7763\u4eb2\u81ea\u8bbe\u7acb\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u76f8\u4fe1\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5723\u793c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u771f\u6b63\u5730\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e76\u4f20\u8fbe\u7942\u7684\u6069\u5178\u7ed9\u4fe1\u5f92\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u795e\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u6d17\u793c\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5c06\u6069\u5178\u8d50\u4e88\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5a92\u4ecb\uff0c\u6d17\u53bb\u7f6a\u5b7d\u5e76\u5c06\u4eba\u7eb3\u5165\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u5bf9\u5a74\u513f\u548c\u6210\u4eba\u65bd\u884c\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u5723\u9910\u6d89\u53ca\u57fa\u7763\u5728\u997c\u548c\u9152\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4e2d\u3001\u4e0e\u5143\u7d20\u540c\u5728\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u4e34\u5728\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u540c\u8d28\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u7f57\u9a6c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u53d8\u8d28\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b0\u6559\u5b97\u6d3e\u6240\u6301\u7684\u7eaf\u7cb9\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u6559\u4f1a\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7fa4\u591a\u6837\u5316\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u4e0d\u96b6\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5b97\u6d3e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u5723\u793c\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u5dee\u5f02\u5f88\u5927\u3002\u4f46\u8bb8\u591a\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u6559\u4f1a\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5723\u793c\u91c7\u53d6\u66f4\u5177\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u6216\u7eaa\u5ff5\u6027\u7684\u89c2\u70b9(Snell et al., 2009, pp. 21\u201338)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u6559\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u6d17\u793c\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5185\u5fc3\u5c5e\u7075\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u5916\u5728\u8c61\u5f81\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4f20\u8fbe\u6069\u5178\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u80fd\u591f\u505a\u51fa\u81ea\u89c9\u4fe1\u4ef0\u544a\u767d\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u4e14\u5f80\u5f80\u901a\u8fc7\u5168\u8eab\u6d78\u793c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u5723\u9910\u793c\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u727a\u7272\u7684\u7eaa\u5ff5\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u601d\u4e0e\u8ffd\u5fc6\u7684\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u771f\u5b9e\u4e34\u5728\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u76f8\u9047\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ece\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5982\u4f55\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5bf9\u5b97\u6559\u8c61\u5f81\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u5c5e\u7075\u4f53\u9a8c\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u5f3a\u8c03\u5723\u793c\u662f\u795e\u5723\u6069\u5178\u7684\u8f7d\u4f53\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u5177\u795e\u79d8\u8272\u5f69\u7684\u9053\u6210\u8089\u8eab\u795e\u5b66\uff1b\u800c\u65e0\u5b97\u6d3e\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u5f80\u5f80\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u7406\u6027\u3001\u66f4\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7075\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5dee\u5f02\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u4ee5\u53ca\u968f\u540e\u65b0\u6559\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u8bd5\u56fe\u6539\u9769\u800c\u975e\u5e9f\u9664\u4ed6\u4ece\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f1a\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u5723\u793c\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u6559\u4f1a\u6e90\u4e8e\u540e\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b0\u6559\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fd0\u52a8\u8bd5\u56fe\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u201c\u51c0\u5316\u201d\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u5254\u9664\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u65e9\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u6559\u7236\u5173\u4e8e\u6559\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u656c\u62dc\u7684\u6559\u5bfc\u4e0e\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u548c\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u6709\u4f55\u5173\u8054\uff1f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u656c\u62dc\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u6559\u7236\u4eec\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u8c03\u5723\u9910\u793c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u656c\u62dc\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5b89\u63d0\u963f\u7684\u5723\u4f9d\u7eb3\u7235\u5728\u516c\u51432\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u57fa\u7763\u5728\u5723\u9910\u4e2d\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u4e34\u5728\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3b\u6559\u5728\u4e3b\u6301\u5723\u9910\u65f6\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5723\u793c\u7406\u89e3\u4e0e\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u6bd4\u4e0e\u8bb8\u591a\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u66f4\u4e3a\u4e00\u81f4\uff08Hunsinger, 2019\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6559\u7236\u4eec\u8fd8\u6559\u5bfc\u4e86\u6d17\u793c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f6a\u5f97\u8d66\u514d\u548c\u52a0\u5165\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u5b9e\u884c\u5a74\u513f\u6d17\u793c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e60\u4fd7\u88ab\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u5ef6\u7eed\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u5e38\u88ab\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u6559\u4f1a\u62d2\u7edd\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4fe1\u5f92\u6d17\u793c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f46\u65e9\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u5e76\u975e\u94c1\u677f\u4e00\u5757\u3002\u793c\u4eea\u5f62\u5f0f\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u4e60\u4fd7\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u6837\u6027\uff0c\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u6559\u4f1a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\u652f\u6301\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u656c\u62dc\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u65e9\u671f\u6559\u7236\u5f3a\u8c03\u5723\u7ecf\u5728\u4fe1\u5f92\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u539f\u5219\u4e3a\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u548c\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u4f20\u7edf\u6240\u5171\u540c\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u548c\u6559\u4f1a\u6559\u5bfc\u6743\u5a01\u5728\u89e3\u91ca\u5723\u7ecf\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u4e2d\u6bd4\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u80cc\u666f\u4e2d\u66f4\u4e3a\u660e\u663e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ece\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e9\u671f\u6559\u5bfc\u5982\u4f55\u4e3a\u65e9\u671f\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u3001\u8ba4\u540c\u611f\u548c\u795e\u5723\u5965\u79d8\u611f\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u66f4\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u76ca\u5904\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u53ef\u80fd\u5438\u5f15\u90a3\u4e9b\u5bfb\u6c42\u66f4\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u5c5e\u7075\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u6240\u6e90\u4e8e\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u56de\u5f52\u5176\u6240\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u66f4\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u5265\u79bb\u540e\u6765\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u7269\u3002\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u6559\u4f1a\u5f80\u5f80\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u91cd\u73b0\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u300a\u65b0\u7ea6\u300b\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u613f\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u3001\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u8fd8\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u90fd\u80fd\u52aa\u529b\u4f53\u73b0\u90a3\u4e9b\u65e9\u671f\u4fe1\u5f92\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u59cb\u7ec8\u8ffd\u6c42\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5fe0\u8bda\u548c\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u95f4\u66f4\u6df1\u5c42\u7684\u5408\u4e00\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u8c26\u5351\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u5bf9\u5f85\u6211\u4eec\u591a\u6837\u5316\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u89c1\u5982\u9694\u955c\u89c2\u7269\uff0c\u6a21\u7cca\u4e0d\u6e05\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u5728\u656c\u62dc\u548c\u793e\u533a\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5bfb\u6c42\u53cd\u6620\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u5149\u8292\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u548c\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u6559\u4f1a\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u6709\u4f55\u4e0d\u540c\uff1f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u798f\u97f3\u8def\u5fb7\u6559\u4f1a(ELCA)\u7b49\u4e3b\u6d41\u6559\u6d3e\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u6709\u66f4\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7acb\u573a\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6559\u4f1a\u5185\u90e8\u4ed4\u7ec6\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u53cd\u601d\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5236\u5b9a\u7684(Glenna & Stofferahn, 2022)\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u901a\u5e38\u5f3a\u8c03\u201c\u4e24\u4e2a\u56fd\u5ea6\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u2014\u2014\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u548c\u5c5e\u4e16\u7684\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u53c2\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u88ab\u547c\u53ec\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u90fd\u4fdd\u6301\u6d3b\u8dc3\uff0c\u5728\u627f\u8ba4\u6559\u4f1a\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u533a\u522b\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5bfb\u6c42\u4e3a\u5171\u540c\u5229\u76ca\u5f71\u54cd\u793e\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u5f53\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e3b\u6d41\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u6559\u4f1a\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u76f8\u5bf9\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cELCA\u5df2\u6b63\u5f0f\u80af\u5b9a\u4e86\u540c\u6027\u5a5a\u59fb\u548cLGBTQ+\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u6309\u7acb\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u6b63\u4e49\u3001\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u79fb\u6c11\u6539\u9769\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u5021\u5bfc\u8005\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7acb\u573a\u901a\u5e38\u57fa\u4e8e\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5982\u6069\u5178\u3001\u7231\u90bb\u820d\u548c\u5bf9\u521b\u9020\u7269\u7684\u7ba1\u5bb6\u804c\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u6559\u4f1a\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u591a\u6837\u5316\u548c\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6ca1\u6709\u4e2d\u592e\u6743\u5a01\u6216\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u5b97\u6d3e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u6559\u4f1a\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u5236\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff08Snell et al., 2009, pp. 21\u201338\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5730\u7406\u533a\u57df\u6216\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u795e\u5b66\u503e\u5411\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8bb8\u591a\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u5177\u6709\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u6839\u6e90\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u6301\u6709\u66f4\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e2a\u4eba\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u901a\u8fc7\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u5815\u80ce\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u5a5a\u59fb\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u7ecf\u5e38\u53d7\u5230\u5f3a\u8c03\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u975e\u666e\u904d\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u6559\u4f1a\u4e5f\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u66f4\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ece\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5982\u4f55\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5bf9\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u66f4\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u79cd\u6e05\u6670\u611f\u548c\u7fa4\u4f53\u8ba4\u540c\u611f\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u5141\u8bb8\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u505a\u51fa\u66f4\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5dee\u5f02\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6559\u4f1a\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6559\u5bfc\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u53cd\u601d\u548c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u800c\u6f14\u53d8\u3002\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u6559\u4f1a\u901a\u5e38\u6e90\u4e8e\u8f83\u8fd1\u671f\u7684\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u5728\u5904\u7406\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u4fe1\u4ef0\u548c\u5723\u7ecf\u5b57\u9762\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u66f4\u5927\u5f3a\u8c03\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u548c\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u6559\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u539f\u56e0\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u6559\u4f1a\u5c06\u5176\u8d77\u6e90\u8ffd\u6eaf\u523016\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u9a6c\u4e01\u00b7\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u6559\u5bfc\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u4fee\u9053\u58eb\u548c\u795e\u5b66\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f00\u59cb\u6539\u9769\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u56de\u5e94\u4ed6\u6240\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u7f57\u9a6c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f1a\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u8150\u8d25\u548c\u795e\u5b66\u9519\u8bef\uff08Turrell, 2014, pp. 139\u2013158\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u5f3a\u8c03\u552f\u72ec\u56e0\u4fe1\u79f0\u4e49\u7684\u6069\u5178\u3001\u5723\u7ecf\u9ad8\u4e8e\u6559\u4f1a\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u4ee5\u53ca\u4fe1\u5f92\u7686\u796d\u53f8\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8def\u5fb7\u6700\u521d\u5e76\u4e0d\u6253\u7b97\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u6539\u9769\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u57281521\u5e74\u88ab\u9010\u51fa\u6559\u4f1a\u4ee5\u53ca\u968f\u540e\u4e0e\u7f57\u9a6c\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u72ec\u7acb\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f20\u64ad\u5230\u6574\u4e2a\u6b27\u6d32\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u4f20\u7edf\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u4e3a\u65b0\u6559\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7279\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u793c\u4eea\u548c\u5723\u793c\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\u6559\u7687\u6743\u5a01\u548c\u67d0\u4e9b\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6559\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5219\u66f4\u8fd1\u4e14\u66f4\u591a\u6837\u5316\u3002\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e3b\u8981\u51fa\u73b0\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u4f20\u7edf\u5b97\u6d3e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u611f\u77e5\u5230\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u56de\u5e94\uff08Snell et al., 2009, pp. 21\u201338\uff09\u3002\u51e0\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d1\u5c55\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. \u5bf9\u5b97\u6d3e\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u5b98\u50da\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5e7b\u706d<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. \u5bf9\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u548c\u4ee5\u5730\u65b9\u4e3a\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u6e34\u671b<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. \u7075\u6069\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. \u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u201c\u56de\u5f52\u57fa\u7840\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u300a\u65b0\u7ea6\u300b\u57fa\u7763\u6559<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. \u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u5f3a\u8c03\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5236\u5ea6\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u6000\u7591<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    \u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u6559\u4f1a\u901a\u5e38\u8bd5\u56fe\u521b\u9020\u4e00\u79cd\u8f83\u5c11\u53d7\u4f20\u7edf\u675f\u7f1a\u3001\u66f4\u80fd\u9002\u5e94\u5f53\u4ee3\u6587\u5316\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f3a\u8c03\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u5723\u7ecf\u89e3\u91ca\u3001\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u4f53\u9a8c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6446\u8131\u5b97\u6d3e\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u4ece\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\u5982\u4f55\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0e\u521b\u65b0\u3001\u793e\u533a\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4eba\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u6df1\u5c42\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u4f20\u7edf\u5728\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5723\u793c\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u65b0\u6559\u6539\u9769\u4e4b\u95f4\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u4e2d\u95f4\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u6559\u4f1a\u5219\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e9b\u5bfb\u6c42\u66f4\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u548c\u5177\u6709\u6587\u5316\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f20\u7edf\u90fd\u5728\u7ee7\u7eed\u6f14\u53d8\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u6559\u4f1a\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u666e\u4e16\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5e76\u9002\u5e94\u4e86\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u4e9b\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u6559\u4f1a\u4e5f\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u5171\u4eab\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u548c\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u6559\u4f1a\u5982\u4f55\u5f00\u5c55\u798f\u97f3\u4f20\u64ad\u548c\u5ba3\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    \u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u6559\u4f1a\u690d\u6839\u4e8e\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u201c\u552f\u72ec\u4fe1\u5fc3\u201d\uff08sola fide\uff09\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u5ba3\u8bb2\u798f\u97f3\u662f\u5176\u4f7f\u547d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u5c06\u4f20\u798f\u97f3\u89c6\u4e3a\u6559\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6e90\u4e8e\u5723\u793c\u548c\u656c\u62dc\uff08Turrell, 2014, pp. 139\u2013158\uff09\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u7684\u4f20\u798f\u97f3\u901a\u5e38\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u9610\u8ff0\u56e0\u4fe1\u79f0\u4e49\u7684\u6559\u4e49\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u6069\u5178\u662f\u6551\u8d4e\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5728\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u8c03\u8a00\u4f20\u4e0e\u8eab\u6559\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u4f20\u8bb2\u798f\u97f3\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u4ece\u4e8b\u793e\u4f1a\u4e8b\u5de5\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u533b\u7597\u4fdd\u5065\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u4e4b\u7231\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u6559\u4f1a\u5728\u5176\u4f20\u798f\u97f3\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u7740\u5efa\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u533b\u9662\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u670d\u52a1\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u60a0\u4e45\u5386\u53f2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u8bb8\u591a\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u56e2\u4f53\u62e5\u6709\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u534f\u8c03\u56fd\u5185\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u901a\u5e38\u4e0e\u5176\u5b83\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u6559\u4f1a\u5efa\u7acb\u4f19\u4f34\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u57f9\u517b\u672c\u571f\u9886\u5bfc\u529b\u548c\u81ea\u7ed9\u81ea\u8db3\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u6559\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u9274\u4e8e\u5176\u591a\u6837\u5316\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u6559\u4f1a\u5728\u4f20\u798f\u97f3\u548c\u5ba3\u6559\u65b9\u9762\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08Snell et al., 2009, pp. 21\u201338\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u8bb8\u591a\u6559\u4f1a\u5171\u540c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e2a\u4eba\u5e03\u9053\u548c\u690d\u5802\u3002\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5b97\u6d3e\u7ed3\u6784\u5f80\u5f80\u4f7f\u4f20\u798f\u97f3\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u66f4\u5177\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u521b\u65b0\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u8bb8\u591a\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u6559\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u6559\u4f1a\u589e\u957f\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u5bfb\u6c42\u8005\u654f\u611f\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u4f7f\u6559\u4f1a\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u9879\u76ee\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u4eba\u66f4\u5177\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u91c7\u7528\u5f53\u4ee3\u656c\u62dc\u98ce\u683c\u3001\u5c0f\u7ec4\u4e8b\u5de5\u548c\u6709\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u7684\u5916\u5c55\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u4f20\u798f\u97f3\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5728\u5ba3\u6559\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u6559\u4f1a\u901a\u5e38\u53c2\u4e0e\u77ed\u671f\u5ba3\u6559\u65c5\u884c\uff0c\u5e76\u652f\u6301\u4e2a\u4eba\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u6216\u7279\u5b9a\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u8c03\u6559\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u76f4\u63a5\u53c2\u4e0e\u5ba3\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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    \u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f20\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u91cd\u53e0\u548c\u76f8\u4e92\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u6559\u4f1a\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u66f4\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u4f20\u798f\u97f3\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u4e9b\u975e\u5b97\u6d3e\u6559\u4f1a\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u6b23\u8d4f\u793c\u4eea\u548c\u5723\u793c\u8981\u7d20\u5728\u5c5e\u7075\u5851\u9020\u4e2d\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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    This entry is part 11 of 58 in the series \u6559\u6d3e\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

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