{"id":31253,"date":"2025-04-09T01:05:14","date_gmt":"2025-04-09T01:05:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/?p=31253"},"modified":"2025-05-26T19:37:38","modified_gmt":"2025-05-26T19:37:38","slug":"council-of-trent-session-14-holy-sacraments-penance-extreme-unction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/zh\/learn\/council-of-trent-session-14-holy-sacraments-penance-extreme-unction\/","title":{"rendered":"\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5386\u53f2\uff1a\u7279\u4f26\u7279\u4f1a\u8bae\u5168\u96c6\uff1a\u7b2c\u5341\u56db\u5c4a\u4f1a\u8bae (14)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pps-series-post-details pps-series-post-details-variant-classic pps-series-post-details-67899\" data-series-id=\"335\"><div class=\"pps-series-meta-content\"><div class=\"pps-series-meta-text\">\u6b64\u6761\u76ee\u4e3a\u7cfb\u5217\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c5\u7bc7\uff0c\u517127\u7bc7 <a 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<a href=\"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/zh\/learn\/council-of-trent-session-21-on-communion\/\">\u7279\u4f26\u7279\u516c\u4f1a\u8bae\u7b2c21\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae<\/a> \u575a\u5b9a\u5730\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u5fcf\u6094\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u4e0e\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f6a\u8d66\u4e4b\u91cd\u8981\u5723\u4e8b\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4f1a\u8bae\u5ba3\u544a\u4fe1\u5f92\u5fc5\u987b\u8ba4\u771f\u53c2\u4e0e\u6b64\u5723\u4e8b\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u83b7\u5f97\u65e8\u5728\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5176\u7075\u6027\u6210\u957f\u7684\u6069\u5ba0\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e00\u91cd\u7533\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u65e8\u5728\u5f15\u5bfc\u4fe1\u5f92\u5bf9\u5176\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6709\u66f4\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u51b3\u8bae\u6df1\u6df1\u690d\u6839\u4e8e\u6559\u4f1a\u6240\u53d7\u6258\u7684\u795e\u5723\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u4e3a\u7075\u9b42\u7684\u6551\u8d4e\u800c\u5b88\u62a4\u5e76\u8be0\u91ca\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u5965\u79d8\u3002\u5728 <a href=\"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/zh\/learn\/council-of-trent-session-24-doctrine-sacrament-matrimony\/\">\u7279\u4f26\u7279\u4f1a\u8bae\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u5c4a\u4f1a\u8bae<\/a>, \u4e2d\uff0c\u4f1a\u8bae\u795e\u957f\u4eec\u575a\u6301\u8981\u6c42\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4fe1\u5f92\u6210\u5458\u606a\u5b88\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e2\u5b9a\u7684\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4fe1\u5f92\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5408\u4e00\u4e0e\u6e05\u6670\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u91cd\u7533\u5fcf\u6094\u5723\u4e8b\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u4f1a\u8bae\u65e8\u5728\u5f15\u5bfc\u4fe1\u5f92\u8d70\u5411\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6094\u6539\u5e76\u4e0e\u5929\u4e3b\u548c\u597d\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u4fe1\u5f92\u5fc5\u987b\u7406\u89e3\u8be5\u5723\u4e8b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6069\u5ba0\u4e0e\u548c\u597d\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u6df1\u8fdc\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u5728 <a href=\"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/zh\/learn\/council-of-trent-session-16-suspension-council\/\">\u7279\u4f26\u6258\u4f1a\u8bae\u7b2c16\u5c4a\u4f1a\u8bae<\/a>, \u4e2d\u6240\u9881\u5e03\u7684\uff0c\u4f1a\u8bae\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5fcf\u6094\u5728\u6551\u8d4e\u4e0e\u7075\u6027\u66f4\u65b0\u65c5\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u771f\u7406\u7684\u66f4\u6e05\u6670\u9610\u8ff0\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u91cd\u7533\u4e86\u5176\u5f15\u5bfc\u4fe1\u5f92\u52a0\u6df1\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7406\u89e3\u5e76\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u5730\u53c2\u4e0e\u5723\u4e8b\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8003\u91cf\uff0c <a href=\"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/zh\/learn\/council-of-trent-session-15-safe-conduct-protestants\/\">\u7279\u4f26\u6258\u4f1a\u8bae\u7b2c15\u5c4a\u4f1a\u8bae\u8be6\u60c5<\/a> \u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u8be5\u5723\u4e8b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5e76\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u771f\u8bda\u7684\u75db\u6094\u548c\u575a\u5b9a\u7684\u6539\u8fc7\u51b3\u5fc3\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u6548\u529b\u524d\u63d0\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6f84\u6e05\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6559\u4e49\uff0c\u4f1a\u8bae\u65e8\u5728\u5f15\u5bfc\u4fe1\u5f92\u8fdc\u79bb\u8bef\u89e3\uff0c\u5e76\u52a0\u5f3a\u8be5\u5723\u4e8b\u5728\u6559\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u6210\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u771f\u8bda\u5bfb\u6c42\u4e0e\u5929\u4e3b\u548c\u597d\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u771f\u7406\u706f\u5854\u4e0e\u795e\u5723\u6069\u5ba0\u4e4b\u6e90\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728 <a href=\"https:\/\/christianpure.com\/zh\/learn\/<a href=\/\"https:>\u7279\u4f26\u6258\u4f1a\u8bae\u7b2c\u4e03\u5c4a\u4f1a\u8bae<\/a>\/\u201d&gt;council of trent session seven<\/a> serve to reinforce the necessity of adhering to tradition and the importance of the sacraments as instituted by Christ. This session underscores that the Church\u2019s authority is paramount in guiding the faithful through established practices, which are essential for spiritual nourishment and development. Through these teachings, the Synod continues to illuminate the path towards holiness and the vital connection between the sacramental life and the grace of God.<\/p>\n<h2>\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0 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\u5173\u4e8e\u672c\u5723\u4e8b\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u53ca\u5176\u679c\u6548\u3002<\/h2>\n<p>The holy synod doth furthermore teach, that the form of the sacrament of penance, wherein its force principally consists, is placed in those words of the minister, I absolve thee, &amp;c;: to which words indeed certain prayers are, according to the custom of holy Church, laudably joined, which nevertheless by no means regard the essence of that form, neither are they neces sary for the administration of the sacrament itself. But the acts of the penitent himself, to wit, contrition, confession and satisfaction, are as it were the matter(p) of this sacrament. Which acts, inasmuch as they are, by God's institution, required in the penitent for the integrity of the sacrament, and for the full and perfect remission of sins, are for this reason called the parts of penance. But the thing signified(q) indeed and the effect of this sacrament, as far as regards its force and efficacy, is reconciliation with God, which sometimes, in persons who are pious and who receive this sacrament with devotion, is wont to be followed by peace and serenity of conscience, with exceed ing consolation of spirit. The holy Synod, whilst delivering these things touching the parts and the effect of this sacrament, condemns at the same time the opinions of those who contend, that, the terrors which agitate the conscience, and faith, are the parts of penance.<\/p>\n<h2>\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0 \u5173\u4e8e\u75db\u6094\u3002<\/h2>\n<p>\u75db\u6094\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5fcf\u6094\u8005\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5360\u636e\u9996\u4f4d\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5bf9\u6240\u72af\u7f6a\u5b7d\u7684\u5fc3\u7075\u5fe7\u4f24\u548c\u538c\u6076\uff0c\u5e76\u7acb\u5fd7\u5c06\u6765\u4e0d\u518d\u72af\u7f6a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u75db\u6094\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u5019\u5bf9\u4e8e\u83b7\u5f97\u7f6a\u8d66\u90fd\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5728\u6d17\u793c\u540e\u5815\u843d\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u5b83\u4e0e\u5bf9\u5929\u4e3b\u4ec1\u6148\u7684\u4fe1\u8d56\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6e34\u671b\u5c65\u884c\u6b63\u786e\u9886\u53d7\u6b64\u5723\u4e8b\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u9879\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u6700\u7ec8\u4e3a\u7f6a\u5b7d\u7684\u8d66\u514d\u505a\u597d\u4e86\u51c6\u5907\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u795e\u5723\u4f1a\u8bae\u58f0\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u75db\u6094\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5305\u542b\u505c\u6b62\u72af\u7f6a\u3001\u7acb\u5fd7\u5e76\u5f00\u59cb\u65b0\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u5305\u542b\u5bf9\u65e7\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u618e\u6068\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u90a3\u53e5\u683c\u8a00\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\uff1a\u629b\u5f03\u4f60\u4eec\u6240\u72af\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u7f6a\u5b7d\uff0c\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u9020\u4e00\u9897\u65b0\u5fc3\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u795e\u3002\u786e\u5b9e\uff0c\u51e1\u662f\u601d\u8003\u8fc7\u5723\u5f92\u4eec\u90a3\u4e9b\u547c\u558a\u7684\u4eba\uff1a\u6211\u552f\u72ec\u5f97\u7f6a\u4e86\u4f60\uff0c\u5728\u4f60\u9762\u524d\u505a\u4e86\u6076\u4e8b\uff1b\u6211\u5728\u547b\u541f\u4e2d\u52b3\u82e6\uff0c\u6bcf\u591c\u6211\u6d17\u6da4\u6211\u7684\u5e8a\uff1b\u6211\u5c06\u5728\u7075\u9b42\u7684\u82e6\u6da9\u4e2d\u5411\u4f60\u8bc9\u8bf4\u6211\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5c81\u6708\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6e90\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8fc7\u53bb\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u618e\u6068\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u7f6a\u5b7d\u7684\u6781\u5927\u538c\u6076\u3002\u4f1a\u8bae\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6559\u5bfc\u8bf4\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6709\u65f6\u8fd9\u79cd\u75db\u6094\u901a\u8fc7\u7231\u5fb7\u800c\u53d8\u5f97\u5b8c\u7f8e\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u9886\u53d7\u6b64\u5723\u4e8b\u4e4b\u524d\u4f7f\u4eba\u4e0e\u5929\u4e3b\u548c\u597d\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0a\u8ff0\u548c\u597d\u7edd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f52\u529f\u4e8e\u90a3\u79cd\u75db\u6094\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u5176\u4e2d\u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5bf9\u5723\u4e8b\u7684\u6e34\u671b\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u90a3\u79cd\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u75db\u6094\u201d\u7684\u201c\u6094\u609f\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u7f6a\u5b7d\u4e11\u964b\u7684\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u6216\u51fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5730\u72f1\u548c\u60e9\u7f5a\u7684\u6050\u60e7\uff0c\u4f1a\u8bae\u58f0\u660e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u6000\u7740\u8d66\u514d\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u613f\u671b\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4f7f\u4eba\u6210\u4e3a\u4f2a\u541b\u5b50\u548c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u7f6a\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u5929\u4e3b\u7684\u6069\u8d50\uff0c\u662f\u5723\u795e\u7684\u51b2\u52a8\u2014\u2014\u5723\u795e\u786e\u5b9e\u5c1a\u672a\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u5fcf\u6094\u8005\u5fc3\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u63a8\u52a8\u4ed6\u2014\u2014\u501f\u6b64\uff0c\u5fcf\u6094\u8005\u5728\u5f97\u5230\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u901a\u5f80\u4e49\u5fb7\u7684\u9053\u8def\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u79cd\uff08\u6094\u609f\uff09\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u5fcf\u6094\u5723\u4e8b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5f15\u5bfc\u7f6a\u4eba\u8d70\u5411\u6210\u4e49\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u786e\u5b9e\u4f7f\u4ed6\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u5728\u5fcf\u6094\u5723\u4e8b\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u5929\u4e3b\u7684\u6069\u5ba0\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u5c3c\u5c3c\u5fae\u4eba\u5728\u7ea6\u7eb3\u7684\u8bb2\u9053\u4e0b\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u6050\u60e7\u7684\u6709\u76ca\u6253\u51fb\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4ee4\u4eba\u656c\u754f\u7684\u5fcf\u6094\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u4e3b\u90a3\u91cc\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u601c\u60af\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u8bfd\u8c24\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f5c\u5bb6\uff0c\u4eff\u4f5b\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3b\u5f20\u5fcf\u6094\u5723\u4e8b\u5728\u9886\u53d7\u8005\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u826f\u597d\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e5f\u80fd\u8d4b\u4e88\u6069\u5ba0\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f1a\u4ece\u672a\u6559\u5bfc\u6216\u60f3\u8fc7\u7684\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u65ad\u8a00\u75db\u6094\u662f\u88ab\u52d2\u7d22\u548c\u5f3a\u8feb\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u81ea\u613f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0 \u5173\u4e8e\u544a\u89e3\u3002<\/h2>\n<p>\u4ece\u5df2\u7ecf\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u5fcf\u6094\u5723\u4e8b\u7684\u8bbe\u7acb\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u666e\u4e16\u6559\u4f1a\u4e00\u76f4\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u7f6a\u5b7d\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u544a\u89e3\u4e5f\u662f\u7531\u4e3b\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u5728\u6d17\u793c\u540e\u5815\u843d\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u795e\u5723\u6743\u5229\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\uff1b\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\uff0c\u5728\u5373\u5c06\u4ece\u5730\u5347\u5929\u65f6\uff0c\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u53f8\u94ce\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7942\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u548c\u6cd5\u5b98\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u6240\u72af\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5927\u7f6a\u90fd\u5e94\u5e26\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u9762\u524d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u6839\u636e\u94a5\u5319\u7684\u6743\u67c4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ba3\u544a\u8d66\u514d\u6216\u7559\u5b58\u7f6a\u5b7d\u7684\u5224\u51b3\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u53f8\u94ce\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u884c\u4f7f\u8fd9\u79cd\u5ba1\u5224\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4fe1\u5f92\u53ea\u662f\u7b3c\u7edf\u5730\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u5730\u3001\u9010\u4e00\u5730\u9648\u8ff0\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7f6a\u5b7d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u786e\u5b9e\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u4e0b\u8fbe\u60e9\u7f5a\u65f6\u9075\u5b88\u516c\u5e73\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u63a8\u65ad\uff0c\u5fcf\u6094\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u544a\u89e3\u4e2d\u5217\u4e3e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ecf\u8fc7\u52e4\u52c9\u81ea\u7701\u540e\u6240\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5927\u7f6a\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f6a\u5b7d\u662f\u6700\u9690\u79d8\u7684\uff0c\u4e14\u4ec5\u8fdd\u80cc\u4e86\u5341\u8beb\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e24\u6761\u8beb\u547d\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f6a\u5b7d\u6709\u65f6\u6bd4\u5916\u5728\u72af\u4e0b\u7684\u7f6a\u5b7d\u66f4\u4e25\u91cd\u5730\u4f24\u5bb3\u7075\u9b42\uff0c\u4e5f\u66f4\u5371\u9669\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u5c0f\u7f6a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u6392\u9664\u5728\u5929\u4e3b\u7684\u6069\u5ba0\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e14\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u9891\u7e41\u5730\u72af\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f6a\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6b63\u5982\u8654\u8bda\u8005\u7684\u4e60\u4fd7\u6240\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u544a\u89e3\u4e2d\u9648\u8ff0\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u4e14\u6709\u76ca\u7684\uff0c\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u50b2\u6162\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u7f6a\u548e\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u88ab\u7701\u7565\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u8865\u6551\u63aa\u65bd\u6765\u8d4e\u7f6a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>But, whereas all mortal sins, even those of thought, render men children of wrath, (b) and enemies of God, it is necessary to seek also for the pardon of them all from God, with an open and modest confession. Wherefore, while the faithful of Christ are careful to confess all the sins which occur to their memory, they without doubt lay them all bare before the mercy of God to be pardoned: whereas they who act otherwise, and knowingly keep back certain sins, such set nothing before the divine bounty to be forgiven through the priest: for if the sick be ashamed to show his wound to the physician, his medical art cures not that which it knows not of. We gather furthermore, that those circumstances which change the species of the sin are also to be explained in confession, because that, without them, the sins themselves are neither entirely set forth by the penitents, nor are they known clearly to the judges; and it cannot be that they can estimate rightly the grievousness of the crimes, and impose on the penitents, the punishment which ought to be inflicted, on account of them. Whence it is unreasonable to teach, that these circumstances have been invented by idle men; or, that one circumstance only is to be confessed, to wit, that one has sinned against a brother. But it is also impious to assert, that confession, enjoined to be made in this manner, is impossible, or to call it a slaughter-house of consciences: for it is certain, that in the Church nothing else is required of penitents, but that, after each has examined himself diligently, and searched all the folds and recesses of his conscience, he confess those sins by which he shall remember that he has mortally offended his Lord and God: whilst the other sins, which do not occur to him after diligent thought, are understood to be included as a whole(c) in that same confession; for which sins we confidently say with the prophet; From my secret sins cleanse me, O Lord. (d) Now, the very difficulty of a confession like this, and the shame of making known one's sins, might indeed seem a grievous thing, were it not alleviated by the so many and so great advantages and consolations, which are most assuredly bestowed by absolution upon all who worthily approach to this sacrament.<\/p>\n<p>\u81f3\u4e8e\u79c1\u4e0b\u5411\u53f8\u94ce\u4e2a\u4eba\u5fcf\u6094\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u57fa\u7763\u5e76\u672a\u7981\u6b62\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u2014\u2014\u4e3a\u4e86\u60e9\u7f5a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7f6a\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8c26\u5351\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eba\u6811\u7acb\u699c\u6837\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u4e86\u9020\u5c31\u53d7\u4e86\u5192\u72af\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u2014\u2014\u516c\u5f00\u5fcf\u6094\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7f6a\u8fc7\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u975e\u795e\u5723\u7684\u8beb\u547d\uff1b\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u7c7b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6765\u89c4\u5b9a\u7f6a\u8fc7\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u9690\u79d8\u7684\u7f6a\u8fc7\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u901a\u8fc7\u516c\u5f00\u5fcf\u6094\u6765\u63ed\u9732\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u592a\u5ba1\u614e\u7684(e)\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u4ece\u5723\u6559\u4f1a\u8d77\u521d\u5c31\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u4e00\u76f4\u53d7\u5230\u6700\u795e\u5723\u548c\u6700\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u6559\u7236\u4eec\u4e00\u81f4\u8d5e\u540c\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u5723\u4e8b\u5fcf\u6094\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ee5\u6559\u5bfc\u5fcf\u6094\u80cc\u79bb\u795e\u5723\u8beb\u547d\u3001\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u53d1\u660e\u3001\u5e76\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u62c9\u7279\u6717\u516c\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u6559\u7236\u4eec\u4e3a\u803b\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u865a\u5984\u7684\u8bfd\u8c24\u663e\u7136\u88ab\u9a73\u65a5\u4e86\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u6559\u4f1a\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u62c9\u7279\u6717\u516c\u4f1a\u8bae\u89c4\u5b9a\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u5e94\u8be5\u5fcf\u6094\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u5b83\u6240\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u4e14\u7531\u795e\u5723\u6743\u5229\u6240\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u2014\u2014\u800c\u662f\u89c4\u5b9a\u5fcf\u6094\u7684\u8beb\u547d\u5e94\u8be5\u7531\u6240\u6709\u8fbe\u5230\u8fa8\u522b\u5e74\u9f84\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u81f3\u5c11\u9075\u5b88\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u6559\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fe1\u5f92\u7075\u9b42\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u76ca\u5904\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u9075\u5b88\u7740\u5728\u56db\u65ec\u671f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6700\u795e\u5723\u548c\u6700\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u5fcf\u6094\u7684\u6551\u8d4e\u4e60\u4fd7\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f\u672c\u795e\u5723\u4f1a\u8bae\u6700\u8d5e\u540c\u5e76\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8654\u8bda\u4e14\u503c\u5f97\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u4e60\u4fd7\u800c\u91c7\u7eb3\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0 \u5173\u4e8e\u672c\u5723\u4e8b\u7684\u804c\u6743\u53ca\u8d66\u7f6a\u3002<\/h2>\n<p>But, as regards the minister of this sacrament, the holy Synod declares all these doctrines to be false, and utterly alien from the truth of the Gospel, which perniciously extend the ministry of the keys to any others soever besides bishops and priests; imagining, contrary to the institution of this sacrament, that those words of our Lord, Whatsoever you shall bind upon earth, shall be bound also in heaven, and whatsoever you shall loose upon earth shall be loosed also in heaven,(f) and, Whose sins you shall forgive, they are forgiven the m, and whose sins you shall retain, they are retained,(g) were in such wise addressed to all the faithful of Christ indifferently and indiscriminately, as that every one has the power of forgiving sins,-public sins to wit by rebuke, provided he that is rebuked shall acquiesce, and secret sins by a voluntary confession made to any individual whatsoever. It also teaches, that even priests, who are in mortal sin, exercise, through the virtue of the Holy Ghost which was bestowed in ordination, the office of forgiving sins, as the ministers of Christ; and that their sentiment is erroneous who contend that this power exists not in bad priests. But although the absolution of the priest is the dispensation of another's bounty, yet is it not a bare ministry only, whether of announcing the Gospel, or of declaring that sins are forgiven, but is after the manner of a judicial act, whereby sentence is pronounced by the priest as by a judge: and therefore the penitent ought not so to confide(h) in his own personal faith, as to think that,\u2013even though there be no contrition on his part, or no intention on the part of the priest of acting seriously and absolving truly,\u2013he is nevertheless truly and in God's sight absolved, on account of his faith alone. For neither would faith without penance bestow any remission of sins; nor would he be otherwise than most careless of his own salvation, who, knowing that a priest but absolved him in jest, should not care fully seek for another who would act in earnest.<\/p>\n<h2>\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0 \u5173\u4e8e\u4fdd\u7559\u7f6a\u6848\u3002<\/h2>\n<p>Wherefore, since the nature and order of a judgment require this, that sentence be passed only on those subject (to that judicature), it has ever been firmly held in the Church of God, and this Synod ratifies it as a thing most true, that the absolution, which a priest pronounces upon one over whom he has not either an ordinary or a deligated jurisdiction, ought to be of no weight whatever. And it hath seemed to our most holy Fathers to be of great importance to the discipline of the Christian people, that certain more atrocious and more heinous crimes should be absolved, not by all priests, but only by the highest priests: whence the Sovereign Pontiffs, in virtue of the supreme power delivered to them in the universal Church, were deservedly able to reserve, for their special judgment, certain more grievous cases of crimes. Neither is it to be doubted,\u2013seeing that all things, that are from God, are well ordered-but that this same may be lawfully done by all bishops, each in his own diocese, unto edification, however, not unto destruction, in virtue of the authority, above (that of) other inferior priests, delivered to them over their subjects, especially as regards those crimes to which the censure of excommunication is annexed. But it is consonant to the divine authority, that this reservation of cases have effect, not merely in external polity, but also in God's sight. Nevertheless, for fear lest any may perish on this account, it has always been very piously observed in the said Church of God, that there be no reservation at the point of death, and that therefore all priests may absolve all penitents whatsoever from every kind of sins and censures whatever: and as, save at that point of death, priests have no power in reserved cases, let this alone be their endeavour, to persuade penitents to repair to superior and lawful judges for the benefit of absolution.<\/p>\n<h2>\u7b2c\u516b\u7ae0 \u5173\u4e8e\u8865\u8d4e\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u53ca\u5176\u679c\u6548\u3002<\/h2>\n<p>\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u8865\u8d4e\u2014\u2014\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8865\u8d4e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6559\u7236\u5411\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u5728\u8654\u8bda\u7684\u6700\u5d07\u9ad8\u501f\u53e3\u4e0b\uff0c\u88ab\u90a3\u4e9b\u6709\u656c\u8654\u7684\u5916\u8868\uff0c\u5374\u5426\u5b9a\u5176\u5b9e\u8d28\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u4eba\u6240\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u90e8\u5206(i)\u2014\u2014\u795e\u5723\u4f1a\u8bae\u5ba3\u5e03\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u8d66\u514d\u5168\u90e8\u60e9\u7f5a\uff0c\u4e3b\u5c31\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8d66\u514d\u7f6a\u759a(k)\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u9519\u8bef\u7684\uff0c\u80cc\u79bb\u4e86\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u5723\u7ecf\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u6e05\u6670\u800c\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u795e\u5723\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u4ee5\u6700\u660e\u663e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u88ab\u9a73\u65a5\u4e86\u3002\u786e\u5b9e\uff0c\u795e\u5723\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u6d17\u793c\u524d\u56e0\u65e0\u77e5\u800c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u83b7\u5f97\u6069\u5178\uff1b\u800c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u4ece\u7f6a\u6076\u548c\u9b54\u9b3c\u7684\u5974\u5f79\u4e2d\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u5e76\u9886\u53d7\u4e86\u5723\u795e\u7684\u6069\u8d50\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e0d\u60e7\u6015\u6545\u610f\u4eb5\u6e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6bbf\u5b87(l)\u5e76\u4f7f\u5723\u795e\u5fe7\u4f24(m)\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5219\u4ee5\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u83b7\u5f97\u6069\u5178\u3002\u795e\u5723\u7684\u4ec1\u6148\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5e94\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8865\u8d4e\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u83b7\u5f97\u7f6a\u8fc7\u7684\u8d66\u514d\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u501f\u53e3\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7f6a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4eff\u4f5b\u662f\u5bf9\u5723\u795e(n)\u7684\u4fae\u8fb1\u548c\u66b4\u884c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u9677\u5165\u66f4\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u7f6a\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e3a\u6124\u6012\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\u79ef\u84c4\u6124\u6012(o)\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8865\u8d4e\u7684\u60e9\u7f5a\u6781\u5927\u5730\u4f7f\u4eba\u8fdc\u79bb\u7f6a\u6076\uff0c\u4eff\u4f5b\u7528\u7f30\u7ef3\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u4f7f\u5fcf\u6094\u8005\u5728\u672a\u6765\u66f4\u52a0\u8c28\u614e\u548c\u8b66\u60d5\uff1b\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u662f\u7f6a\u6076\u6b8b\u7559\u7684\u8865\u8d4e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u76f8\u53cd\u7f8e\u5fb7\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6d88\u9664\u4e86\u56e0\u90aa\u6076\u751f\u6d3b\u800c\u517b\u6210\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Neither indeed was there ever in the Church of God any way accounted surer to turn aside the impending chastisement of the Lord, than that men should, with true sorrow of mind, practise these works of penitence. Add to these things, that, whilst we thus, by making satisfaction, suffer for our sins, we are made conformable to Jesus Christ, who satisfied for our sins, from whom all our sufficiency is;(p) having also thereby a most sure pledge, that if we suffer with him, we shall also be glorified with him. (q) But neither is this satisfaction, which we discharge for our sins, so our own, as not to be through Jesus Christ. For we who can do nothing of ourselves, as of ourselves, can do all things, He cooperating, who strengthens us. Thus, man has not wherein to glory, but all our glorying is in Christ: in whom we live; in whom we merit; in whom we satisfy; bringing forth fruits worthy of penance,(r) which from him have their efficacy; by him are offered to the Father; and through him are accepted by the Father. Therefore the priests of the Lord ought, as far as the Spirit and prudence shall suggest, to enjoin salutary and suitable satisfactions, according to the quality of the crimes and the ability of the penitent; lest, if haply they connive at sins, and deal too indulgently with penitents, by enjoining certain very light works for very grievous crimes, they be made partakers of other men 's sins. But let them have in view, that the satisfaction, which they impose, be not only for the preservation of a new life and a medicine of infirmity,(s) but also for the avenging and punishing of past sins.<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u4e3a\u53e4\u4ee3\u6559\u7236\u4eec\u4e5f\u76f8\u4fe1\u5e76\u6559\u5bfc\u8bf4\uff0c\u53f8\u94ce\u7684\u94a5\u5319\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6346\u7ed1\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u56e0\u6b64\u60f3\u8c61\u8865\u8d4e\u5723\u4e8b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6124\u6012\u6216\u60e9\u7f5a\u7684\u6cd5\u5ead\uff1b\u6b63\u5982\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u66fe\u7ecf\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u79cd\u8865\u8d4e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e3b\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u529f\u5fb7\u548c\u8865\u8d4e\u7684\u6548\u529b\u4f1a\u88ab\u63a9\u76d6\u6216\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u65b9\u5f0f\u51cf\u5f31\uff1a\u5f53\u521b\u65b0\u8005\u8bd5\u56fe\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ee5\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u8865\u8d4e\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u5265\u593a\u4e86\u8865\u8d4e\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u6548\u529b\u548c\u7528\u9014\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u7b2c\u4e5d\u7ae0 \u5173\u4e8e\u8865\u8d4e\u5584\u529f\u3002<\/h2>\n<p>\u4f1a\u8bae\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6559\u5bfc\u8bf4\uff0c\u795e\u5723\u6177\u6168\u7684\u5bbd\u5b8f\u5927\u91cf\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u4e4b\u5927\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u5411\u5929\u7236\u4f5c\u8865\u8d4e\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u901a\u8fc7\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u613f\u627f\u62c5\u7684\u60e9\u7f5a\u6765\u60e9\u7f5a\u7f6a\u8fc7\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u53f8\u94ce\u6839\u636e\u6211\u4eec\u72af\u7f6a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u914c\u60c5\u65bd\u52a0\u7684\u60e9\u7f5a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f\u7231\u7684\u6781\u5927\u8bc1\u660e\u2014\u2014\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u5e1d\u65bd\u52a0\u5e76\u7531\u6211\u4eec\u8010\u5fc3\u627f\u53d7\u7684\u6682\u65f6\u78e8\u96be\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u5173\u4e8e\u7ec8\u5085\u5723\u4e8b<\/h2>\n<p>SECOND SESSION<\/p>\n<p>\u795e\u5723\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e5f\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u5173\u4e8e\u8865\u8d4e\u7684\u524d\u8ff0\u6559\u4e49\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u9644\u4e0a\u5173\u4e8e\u7ec8\u5085\u5723\u4e8b\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u662f\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u8be5\u5723\u4e8b\u88ab\u6559\u7236\u4eec\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u8865\u8d4e\u7684\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u751f\u6d3b\u5e94\u5f53\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u8865\u8d4e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5173\u4e8e\u5b83\u7684\u8bbe\u7acb\uff0c\u5b83\u5ba3\u544a\u5e76\u6559\u5bfc\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u4ec1\u6148\u7684\u6551\u8d4e\u4e3b\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u5e0c\u671b\u4ed6\u7684\u4ec6\u4eba\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u5019\u90fd\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u5bf9\u6297\u6240\u6709\u654c\u4eba\u6240\u6709\u6b66\u5668\u7684\u6551\u8d4e\u826f\u836f\u2014\u2014\u6b63\u5982\u4ed6\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u5723\u4e8b\u4e2d\u51c6\u5907\u4e86\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u4f7f\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5728\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u80fd\u591f\u4fdd\u6301\u81ea\u5df1\u514d\u53d7\u4efb\u4f55\u66f4\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u90aa\u6076\u7684\u4f24\u5bb3\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u901a\u8fc7\u7ec8\u5085\u5723\u4e8b\uff0c\u4ee5\u6700\u575a\u56fa\u7684\u9632\u5fa1\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7ec8\u70b9\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u867d\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5bf9\u624b\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u5bfb\u6c42\u5e76\u6293\u4f4f\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u65b9\u5f0f\u541e\u566c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7075\u9b42\uff1b\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u6bd4\u5f53\u4ed6\u5bdf\u89c9\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7ec8\u70b9\u5373\u5c06\u6765\u4e34\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u66f4\u731b\u70c8\u5730\u65bd\u5c55\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u72e1\u8bc8\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u6765\u5f7b\u5e95\u6bc1\u706d\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u5e76\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u751a\u81f3\u5931\u53bb\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4ec1\u6148\u7684\u4fe1\u8d56\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0 \u5173\u4e8e\u7ec8\u5085\u5723\u4e8b\u7684\u8bbe\u7acb\u3002<\/h2>\n<p>Now, this sacred unction of the sick was instituted by Christ our Lord, as truly and properly a sacrament of the new law, insinuated indeed in Mark, but recommended and promulgated to the faithful by James the Apostle, and brother of the Lord. Is any man, he saith, sick among you ? Let him bring in the priests of the Church, and let them pray over him, anointing him with oil in the name of the Lord: and the prayer of faith shall save the sick man; and the Lord shall raise him up; and if he be in sins, they shall be forgiven him.(t) In which words, as the Church has learned from apostolic tradition, received from hand to hand, he teaches the matter, the form, the proper minister, and the effect of this salutary sacrament. For the Church has understood the matter thereof to be oil blessed by a bishop. For the unction very aptly represents the grace of the Holy Ghost with which the soul of the sick person is invisibly anointed; and furthermore that whose words, \"By this unction,\" &amp;c.; are the form.<\/p>\n<h2>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0 \u5173\u4e8e\u672c\u5723\u4e8b\u7684\u6548\u529b\u3002<\/h2>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6b64\u5723\u4e8b\u6240\u6307\u7684\u4e8b\u7269(v)\u548c\u6548\u679c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u89e3\u91ca\uff1b\u51fa\u4e8e\u4fe1\u5fb7\u7684\u7948\u7977\u5fc5\u6551\u90a3\u75c5\u4eba\uff0c\u4e3b\u5fc5\u53eb\u4ed6\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u82e5\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5fc5\u5f97\u8d66\u514d\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u91cc\u6240\u6307\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u662f\u5723\u795e\u7684\u6069\u5178\uff1b\u5176\u5085\u6cb9\u6d17\u51c0\u4e86\u7f6a\u8fc7\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd8\u6709\u5f85\u8d4e\u7684\u7f6a\u8fc7\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f6a\u8fc7\u7684\u6b8b\u7559\uff1b\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u6fc0\u53d1\u75c5\u4eba\u5bf9\u795e\u5723\u4ec1\u6148\u7684\u6781\u5927\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u6765\u63d0\u5347\u548c\u575a\u56fa\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u7075\u9b42\uff1b\u501f\u6b64\uff0c\u75c5\u4eba\u5f97\u5230\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5fcd\u53d7\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u4e0d\u4fbf\u548c\u75db\u82e6\uff1b\u5e76\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u62b5\u5fa1\u6f5c\u4f0f\u5728\u4ed6\u811a\u8ddf\u5904\u7684\u9b54\u9b3c\u7684\u8bf1\u60d1(w)\uff1b\u6709\u65f6\u5728\u5bf9\u7075\u9b42\u798f\u5229\u6709\u5229\u65f6\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0 \u5173\u4e8e\u672c\u5723\u4e8b\u7684\u65bd\u884c\u8005\u53ca\u5176\u65bd\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/h2>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\u5173\u4e8e\u89c4\u5b9a\u8c01\u5e94\u8be5\u9886\u53d7\uff0c\u8c01\u5e94\u8be5\u65bd\u884c\u6b64\u5723\u4e8b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5e76\u975e\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u4f20\u8fbe\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u90a3\u91cc\u4e5f\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6b64\u5723\u4e8b\u7684\u9002\u5f53\u65bd\u884c\u8005\u662f\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u957f\u8001\uff08\u53f8\u94ce\uff09\uff1b\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u6240\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u5e74\u9f84\u4e0a\u7684\u957f\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4eba\u6c11\u4e2d\u5730\u4f4d\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e3b\u6559\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u53f8\u94ce\u804c\u4f4d\u7684\u6309\u624b\u793c\u7531\u4e3b\u6559\u6b63\u786e\u795d\u5723\u7684\u53f8\u94ce\u3002(x) \u5b83\u8fd8\u5ba3\u5e03\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5085\u6cb9\u5e94\u65bd\u7528\u4e8e\u75c5\u4eba\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u5904\u4e8e\u5371\u9669\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5373\u5c06\u79bb\u5f00\u6b64\u4e16\u7684\u4eba\uff1a\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e34\u7ec8\u5723\u4e8b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u75c5\u4eba\u5728\u9886\u53d7\u6b64\u5085\u6cb9\u540e\u5eb7\u590d\uff0c\u5f53\u4ed6\u4eec\u9677\u5165\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u5371\u9669\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u518d\u6b21\u5f97\u5230\u6b64\u5723\u4e8b\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7edd\u4e0d\u80fd\u542c\u4ece\u90a3\u4e9b\u8fdd\u80cc\u4f7f\u5f92\u96c5\u5404\u4f2f\u5982\u6b64\u660e\u663e\u548c\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u5224\u51b3(y)\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6559\u5bfc\u8bf4\u8fd9\u79cd\u5085\u6cb9\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u865a\u6784\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4ece\u6559\u7236\u90a3\u91cc\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u4eea\u5f0f\uff0c\u65e2\u6ca1\u6709\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u6069\u5178\u7684\u5e94\u8bb8\uff1a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u542c\u4ece\u90a3\u4e9b\u65ad\u8a00\u5b83\u5df2\u7ecf\u505c\u6b62\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4eff\u4f5b\u5b83\u53ea\u80fd\u6307\u539f\u59cb\u6559\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u6cbb\u6108\u6069\u5178\uff1b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u542c\u4ece\u90a3\u4e9b\u8bf4\u795e\u5723\u7f57\u9a6c\u6559\u4f1a\u5728\u6b64\u5723\u4e8b\u65bd\u884c\u4e2d\u6240\u9075\u5b88\u7684\u4eea\u5f0f\u548c\u7528\u6cd5\u4e0e\u4f7f\u5f92\u96c5\u5404\u4f2f\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u76f8\u62b5\u89e6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5fc5\u987b\u6539\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u4eea\u5f0f\u7684\u4eba\uff1a\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u542c\u4ece\u90a3\u4e9b\u58f0\u79f0\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ec8\u5085\u5723\u4e8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6beb\u65e0\u7f6a\u8fc7\u5730\u88ab\u4fe1\u5f92\u8511\u89c6\u7684\u4eba\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u90fd\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4f4d\u4f1f\u5927\u4f7f\u5f92\u7684\u660e\u786e\u8bdd\u8bed\u660e\u663e\u4e0d\u7b26\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u548c\u5bfc\u5e08\u7684\u7f57\u9a6c\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u5728\u65bd\u884c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5085\u6cb9\u65f6\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u6784\u6210\u6b64\u5723\u4e8b\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u9075\u5b88\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0d\u662f\u5723\u96c5\u5404\u4f2f\u6240\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u786e\u5b9e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u91cd\u7f6a\u548c\u5bf9\u5723\u795e\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u4f24\u5bb3\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8511\u89c6\u5982\u6b64\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u5723\u4e8b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c31\u662f\u672c\u795e\u5723\u5927\u516c\u4f1a\u8bae\u6240\u5ba3\u8ba4\u3001\u6559\u5bfc\u5e76\u5411\u6240\u6709\u57fa\u7763\u4fe1\u5f92\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u8865\u8d4e\u548c\u7ec8\u5085\u5723\u4e8b\u6240\u5e94\u76f8\u4fe1\u548c\u6301\u5b88\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5b83\u5e76\u4ea4\u4ed8\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fdd\u80cc\u7684\u6cd5\u5178\uff1b\u5e76\u8c34\u8d23\u548c\u8bc5\u5492\u90a3\u4e9b\u65ad\u8a00\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u53cd\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u5173\u4e8e\u81f3\u5723\u5fcf\u6094\u5723\u4e8b<\/h2>\n<h2>FIRST CANONS<\/h2>\n<p>CANON I.\u2013If any one saith, that in the Catholic Church Penance is not truly and properly a sacrament, instituted by Christ our Lord for reconciling the faithful unto God, as often as they fall into sin after baptism; let him be anathema.<\/p>\n<p>CANON II.\u2013If any one, confounding the sacraments, saith that baptism is itself the sacrament of Penance, as though these two Sacraments were not distinct, and that therefore Penance is not rightly called a second plank after shipwreck; let him be anathema.<\/p>\n<p>CANON III.\u2013If any one saith, that those words of the Lord the Saviour, Receive ye the Holy Ghost, whose sins you shall forgive, they are forgiven them, and whose sins you shall retain, they are retained, (z) are not to be understood of the power of forgiving and of retaining sins in the Sacrament of penance, as the Catholic Church has always from the beginning understood them; but wrests them, contrary to the institution of this sacra ment, to the power of preaching the gospel ; let him be anathema.<\/p>\n<p>CANON IV.\u2013If any one denieth, that, for the entire and perfect remission of sins, there are required three acts in the penitent, which are as it were the matter of the sacrament of Penance, to wit, contrition, confession, and satisfaction, which are called the three parts of penance; or saith that there are two parts only of penance, to wit, the terrors with which the conscience is smitten upon being convinced of sin, and the faith, generated (a) by the gospel, or by the absolution, whereby one believes that his sins are forgiven him through Christ; let him be anathema.<\/p>\n<p>CANON V.\u2013If any one saith, that the contrition which is acquired by means of the examination, collection, and detestation of sins,\u2013whereby one thinks over his years in the bitterness of his soul, (b) by pondering on the grievousness, the multitude, the filthiness of his sins, the loss of eternal blessedness, and the eternal damnation which he has incurred, having therewith the purpose of a better life,\u2013is not a true and profitable sorrow, does not prepare for grace, but makes a man a hypocrite and a greater sinner; in fine, that this (contrition) is a forced and not free and voluntary sorrow; let him be anathema.<\/p>\n<p>CANON VI.\u2013If any one denieth, either that sacramental confession was instituted, or is necessary to salvation, of divine right; or saith, that the manner of confessing secretly to a priest alone, which the Church hath ever observed from the beginning, and doth observe, is alien from the institution and command of Christ, and is a human invention; let him be anathema.<\/p>\n<p>CANON VII.\u2013If any one saith, that, in the sacrament of Penance, it is not necessary, of divine right, for the remission of sins, to confess all and singular the mortal sins which after due and diligent previous meditation are remembered, even those (mortal sins) which are secret, and those which are opposed to the two last commandments of the Decalogtie, as also the circumstances which change the species of a sin; but (saith) that such confession is only useful to instruct and console the penitent, and that it was of old only observed in order to impose a canonical satisfaction; or saith that they, who strive to confess all their sins, wish to leave nothing to the divine mercy to pardon ; or, finally, that it is not lawful to confess venial sins ; let him be anathema.<\/p>\n<p>CANON VIII.\u2013If any one saith, that the confession of all sins, such as it is observed in the Church, is impossible, and is a human tradition to be abolished by the godly; or that all and each of the faithful of Christ, of either sex, are not obliged thereunto once a year, conformably to the constitution of the great Council of Lateran,(c) and that, for this cause, the faithful of Christ are to be persuaded not to con fess during Lent ; let him be anathema.<\/p>\n<p>CANON IX.\u2013If any one saith, that the sacramental absolution of the priest is not a judicial act, but a bare ministry of pronouncing and declaring sins to be forgiven to him who confesses; provided only he believe himself to be absolved, or (even though) the priest absolve not in earnest, but in joke; or saith, that the confession of the penitent is not required, in order that the priest may be able to absolve him; let him be anathema.<\/p>\n<p>CANON X.\u2013If any one saith, that priests, who are in mortal sin, have not the power of binding and of loosing; or, that not priests alone are the ministers of absolution, but that, to all and each of the faithful of Christ is it said: Whatsoever you shall bind upon earth shall be bound also in heaven; and whatsoever you shall loose upon earth, shall be loosed also in heaven ;(d) and, whose sins you shall forgive, they are forgiven them; and whose sins you shall retain, they are retained;(e) by virtue of which words every one is able to absolve from sins, to wit, from public sins by reproof only, provided he who is reproved yield thereto, and from secret sins by a voluntary confession; let him be anathema.<\/p>\n<p>CANON XI.\u2013If any one saith, that bishops have not the right of reserving cases to themselves, except as regards external polity, and that therefore the reservation of cases hinders not but that a priest may truly absolve from reserved cases; let him be anathema.<\/p>\n<p>CANON XII.\u2013If any one saith, that God always remits the whole punishment together with the guilt, and that the satisfaction of penitents is no other than the faith whereby they apprehend (f) that Christ has satisfied for them; let him be anathema.<\/p>\n<p>CANON XIII.\u2013If any one saith, that satisfaction for sins, as to their temporal punishment, is nowise made to God, through the merits of Jesus Christ, by the punishments inflicted by Him, and patiently borne, or by those enjoined by the priest, nor even by those voluntarily undertaken, as by fastings, prayers, almsdeeds, or by other works also of piety; and that, therefore, the best penance is merely a new life; let him be anathema.<\/p>\n<p>CANON XIV.\u2013If any one saith, that the satisfaction, by which enitents redeem their sins through Jesus Christ, are not a worship of God, but traditions of men, which obscure the doctrine of grace, and the true worship of God, and the benefit itself of the death of Christ; let him be anathema.<\/p>\n<p>CANON XV.\u2013If any one saith, that the keys are given to the Church, only to loose, not also to bind; and that, therefore, priests act contrary to the purpose(g) of the keys, and contrary to the institution of Christ, when they impose punishments on those who confess; and that it is a fiction, that, after the eternal punishment, has, by virtue of the keys, been removed, there remains for the most part a temporal punishment to be discharged; let him be anathema.<\/p>\n<h2>\u5173\u4e8e\u7ec8\u5085\u5723\u4e8b<\/h2>\n<h2>SECOND CANONS<\/h2>\n<p>CANON I.\u2013If any one saith, that Extreme Unction is not truly and properly a sacrament, instituted by Christ our Lord, and promulgated by the blessed apostle James; but is only a rite received from the Fathers, or a human figment; let him be anathema.<\/p>\n<p>CANON II.\u2013If any one saith, that the sacred unction of the sick does not confer grace, nor remit sin, nor comfort(h) the sick; but that it has already ceased, as though it were of old only the grace of working Cures; let him be anathema.<\/p>\n<h2>\u8bba\u6539\u9769<\/h2>\n<p>CANON III.\u2013If any one saith, that the rite and usage of Extreme Unction, which the holy Roman Church observes, is repugnant to the sentiment of the blessed apostle James, and that is therefore to be changed, and may, without sin, be condemned by Christians; let him be anathema.<\/p>\n<p>CANON IV.\u2013If any one saith, that the Presbyters of the Church, whom blessed James exhorts to be brought to anoint the sick, are not the priests who have been ordained by a bishop, but the elders in each community, and that for this Cause a priest alone is not the proper minister of Extreme Unction; let him be anathema.<\/p>\n<h2>\u8bba\u6539\u9769<\/h2>\n<h2>THIRD DECREE<\/h2>\n<p>\u5e8f\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>It is the office of bishops to admonish their subjects, especially those appointed to the cure of souls, of their duty.<\/p>\n<p>Whereas it is properly the office of bishops to reprove the vices of all who are subject to them, this will have to be principally their care,\u2013that clerics, especially those appointed to the cure of souls, be blameless; and that they do not, with their connivance, lead a disorderly life: for if they suffer them to be of evil and corrupt conversation, how shall they reprove the laity for their vices, when they themselves can be by one word silenced by them, for that they suffer clerics to be worse than they? And with what freedom shall priests be able to correct laymen, when they have to answer silently to themselves, that they have committed the very things which they reprove? Wherefore, bishops shall charge their clergy, of whatsoever rank they be, that they be a guide to the people of God committed to them, in conduct, conservation, and doctrine; being mindful of that which is written, Be holy for I also am holy. And, agreeably to the admonition of the apostle; Let them not give offence to any man, that their ministry be not blamed; but in all things let them exhibit themselves as the ministers of God, lest that saying of the prophet be fulfilled in them, The priests of God defile the sanctuaries, and despise the law. But, in order that the said bishops may be able to execute this with greater freedom, and may not be hindered therein under any pretext whatever, the same sacred and holy, ocecumenical and general Synod of Trent, the same legate and nuncios of the Apostolic See presiding therein, has thought fit that these canons following be established and decreed.<\/p>\n<h2>\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0 \u82e5\u6709\u4eba\u5728\u88ab\u7981\u6b62\u3001\u7981\u4ee4\u6216\u505c\u804c\u671f\u95f4\u64c5\u81ea\u664b\u5347\u5723\u804c\uff0c\u5e94\u53d7\u60e9\u7f5a\u3002<\/h2>\n<p>Whereas it is more beseeming and safe for one that is subject, by rendering due obedience to those set over him, to serve in an inferior ministry, than, to the scandal of those set over him, to aspire to the dignity of a more exalted degree; to him, unto whom the ascent to sacred orders shall have been interdicted by his own prelate, from whatsoever cause, be it even on account of some secret crime, or in what manner soever, even extra-judicially; and to him who shall have been suspended from his own orders, or ecclesiastical degrees and dignities; no license, conceded against the will of that said prelate, for causing himself to be promoted, nor any restoration to former orders, degrees, dignities and honours, shall be of any avail.<\/p>\n<h2>CHAPTER II.<\/h2>\n<p>If a bishop shall confer any orders whatsoever on one not subject to him, be he even his own domestic, without the express consent of that individual's proper prelate, both shall be subjected to an appointed punishment.<\/p>\n<p>And forasmuch as certain bishops of churches which are in partibus infidelium, (in the districts of unbelievers), having neither clergy nor Christian people, and being in a manner wanderers, having no fixed see, and seeking not the things of Christ, but other's sheep without the knowledge of their own pastor, finding themselves prohibited by this holy Synod from exercising episcopal functions in the diocese of another, without the express permission of the ordinary of the place, and then only in regard of those who are subject to the said ordinary, do, by an evasion and in contempt of the law, of their own rashness choose as it were an episcopal chair in a place which is not of any diocese, and presume to mark with the clerical character, and to promote even to the sacred orders of the priesthood, any that come unto them, even though they have no commendatory letters from their own bishops, or prelates; whence it for the most part comes to pass, that, persons being ordained who are but little fit, and are uninstructed and ignorant, and who have been rejected by their own bishops as incapable and unworthy, they are neither able rightly to perform the divine offices, nor to administer the sacraments of the Church: none of the bishops, who are called titular, even though they may reside, or tarry in a place within no diocese, even though it be exempted, or in a monastery of whatsoever order, shall, by virtue of any privilege granted them to promote during a certain time such as come unto them, be able to ordain, or to promote to any sacred or minor orders, or even to the first tonsure, the subject of another bishop, even under the pretext of his being his domestic fed constantly at his own table, without the express consent of, or without letters demissory from that individual's own bishop. The contravener shall be ipso jure suspended during a year from the exercise of pontifical functions; and the person so promoted shall in like manner be suspended from the exercise of the orders so received, for as long as to his own prelate shall seem fit.<\/p>\n<h2>\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0 \u4e3b\u6559\u82e5\u53d1\u73b0\u5176\u795e\u804c\u4eba\u5458\u7531\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e0d\u5f53\u664b\u5347\u4e14\u4e0d\u79f0\u804c\uff0c\u53ef\u5c06\u5176\u505c\u804c\u3002<\/h2>\n<p>The bishop may suspend, for the time that shall seem to him fit, from the exercise of the orders received, and may interdict from ministering at the altar, or from exercising the functions of any order, any of his clerics, especially those who are in sacred orders, who have been, without his previous examination and commendatory letters, promoted by any authority whatsoever; even though they shall have been approved of as competent by him who has ordained them, but whom he himself shall find but little fit and able to celebrate the divine offices, or to administer the sacraments of the Church.<\/p>\n<h2>\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0 \u4efb\u4f55\u795e\u804c\u4eba\u5458\u5747\u4e0d\u5f97\u514d\u53d7\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u7ea0\u6b63\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u975e\u89c6\u5bdf\u671f\u95f4\u4ea6\u7136\u3002<\/h2>\n<p>All prelates of the churches, who ought diligently to apply themselves to correct the excesses of their subjects,-and from whose jurisdiction, by the statutes of this holy Synod, no cleric is, under the pretext of any privilege soever, considered screened, so as not to be able to be visited, punished and corrected, in accordance with the appointments of the canons,\u2013provided those prelates be resident in their own churches,\u2013shall have power, as delegates for this end of the Apostolic See, to correct and punish, even out of the times of visitation, all Secular clerics,\u2013howsoever exempted, who would otherwise be subject to their jurisdiction,\u2013for their excesses, crimes, and delinquencies, as often as, and whensoever there shall be need; no exemptions, declarations, customs, sentences, oaths, concordates, which only bind the authors thereof, being of any avail to the said clerics, or to their relatives, chaplains, domestics, agents, or to any others whatsoever, in view and in consideration of the said exempted clerics.<\/p>\n<h2>\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0 \u76d1\u62a4\u4eba\u7684\u7ba1\u8f96\u6743\u9650\u4e8e\u4e00\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u4e4b\u5185\u3002<\/h2>\n<p>Moreover, whereas sundry persons, under the plea that divers wrongs and annoyances are inflicted on them in their goods, possessions, and rights, obtain certain judges to be deputed by means of letters conservatory, to protect and defend them from the said annoyances and wrongs, and to maintain and keep them in possession, or quasi-possession, of their goods, property, and rights, without suffering them to be molested therein; and whereas they pervert these letters, in many ways, to an evil meaning quite opposed to the intention of the donor;\u2013therefore, these letters conservatory, whatsoever be their clauses or decrees, whatsoever be the judges deputed, or under whatsoever other kind of pretext or colour, these letters may have been granted, shall not avail any, of what dignity and condition soever, even though a ## CHAPTER, so as to screen the party from being capable of being, in criminal and mixed causes, accused and summoned, and from being examined and proceeded against before his own bishop, or other ordinary superior; or prevent him from being liable to be freely summoned before the ordinary judge, in the matter of any rights which may be pleaded as his from having been ceded to him. In civil causes also, if he be the plaintiff, it shall nowise be lawful for him to bring up any one for judgment before his own judges conservatory.<\/p>\n<p>And if, in those causes wherein he shall be the defendant, it shall happen that the conservator chosen by him shall be declared by the plaintiff to be one suspected by him, or if any dispute shall have arisen between the judges themselves, the conservator to wit and the ordinary, concerning competency of jurisdiction, the cause shall not be proceeded with, until by arbitrators, chosen in legal form, a decision shall have been come to relative to the said suspicion, or competency of jurisdiction. Neither shall these letters conservatory be of any avail to the said party's domestics\u2013who are in the habit of screening themselves thereby\u2013save to two only, and this provided they live at his proper cost. Neither shall any one enjoy the benefit of such letters longer than for five years. It shall also not be lawful for conservatory judges to have any fixed tribunal. As to causes which relate to wages and to destitute persons, the decree of this holy Synod thereupon shall remain in its full force. But general universities, colleges of doctors or scholars, places belonging to Regulars, as also hospitals wherein hospitality is actually exercised, and persons belonging to the said universities, colleges, places, and hospitals are not to be deemed included in this present canon, but are to be considered, and are, wholly exempted.<\/p>\n<h2>\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0 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