\u7b80\u77ed\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u662f\uff0c\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u82f1\u8bed\u8bd1\u672c\u4e2d\u786e\u5b9e\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u539f\u59cb\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7684\u8bef\u8bd1\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8003\u5bdf\u5176\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u80cc\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201c\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u201d\uff08unicorn\uff09\u4e00\u8bcd\u51fa\u73b0\u57281611\u5e74\u9996\u6b21\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u5723\u7ecf\u94a6\u5b9a\u672c\uff08KJV\uff09\u4e2d\u3002\u5b83\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u6bb5\u843d\u4e2d\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6c11\u6570\u8bb0 23:22\u3001\u7533\u547d\u8bb0 33:17\u3001\u7ea6\u4f2f\u8bb0 39:9-10\u3001\u8bd7\u7bc7 22:21\u300129:6 \u548c 92:10\u3002\u4f46\u73b0\u4ee3\u5723\u7ecf\u5b66\u8005\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ffb\u8bd1\u662f\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\u7684\uff08McCormack, 2007\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u94a6\u5b9a\u672c\u4e2d\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u201d\u7684\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u8bed\u8bcd\u6c47\u662f\u201cre\u2019em\u201d\uff08\u00d7\u00a8\u00d6\u00b0\u00d7 \u00d6\u00b5\u00d7 \uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u6307\u91ce\u725b\u6216\u539f\u725b\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u73b0\u5df2\u706d\u7edd\u7684\u5927\u578b\u91ce\u751f\u725b\u7c7b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6df7\u6dc6\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\u4e03\u5341\u58eb\u8bd1\u672c\u4f7f\u7528\u201cmonokeros\u201d\uff08\u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u72ec\u89d2\u201d\uff09\u6765\u7ffb\u8bd1\u201cre\u2019em\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u5e26\u5165\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u6b66\u52a0\u5927\u8bd1\u672c\u4e2d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201cunicornis\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u540e\u6765\u7684\u82f1\u8bed\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff08Schulze, 1992, pp. 337\u2013350\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u6240\u77e5\u7684\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u6982\u5ff5\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u79cd\u957f\u7740\u72ec\u89d2\u7684\u9a6c\u72b6\u751f\u7269\u2014\u2014\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u53e4\u4ee3\u8fd1\u4e1c\u795e\u8bdd\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f62\u8c61\u662f\u5728\u5f88\u4e45\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u6c11\u95f4\u4f20\u8bf4\u4e2d\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u3002\u5723\u7ecf\u4e2d\u7684\u201cre\u2019em\u201d\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u5176\u529b\u91cf\u548c\u91ce\u6027\u800c\u88ab\u9009\u4e2d\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\u7b26\u5408\u5b83\u6240\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6bb5\u843d\u80cc\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4ece\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bef\u89e3\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u6587\u5316\u6982\u5ff5\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u6587\u672c\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u300217\u4e16\u7eaa\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u94a6\u5b9a\u672c\u8bd1\u8005\u4eec\u719f\u6089\u6b27\u6d32\u7eb9\u7ae0\u548c\u6c11\u95f4\u4f20\u8bf4\u4e2d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6587\u5316\u80cc\u666f\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u9884\u5148\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u6846\u67b6\u5982\u4f55\u5851\u9020\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u964c\u751f\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u89e3\u8bfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u867d\u7136\u201c\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u786e\u5b9e\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u82f1\u8bed\u5723\u7ecf\u8bd1\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u51c6\u786e\u53cd\u6620\u539f\u6587\u3002\u6240\u6307\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u91ce\u725b\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5b83\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u548c\u4e0d\u53ef\u9a6f\u670d\u7684\u672c\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4efb\u4f55\u795e\u8bdd\u54c1\u8d28\u3002\u8fd9\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u5728\u89e3\u8bfb\u53e4\u4ee3\u6587\u672c\u65f6\u8003\u8651\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u6587\u5316\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u539f\u5219\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5723\u7ecf\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5904\u7406\u4eba\u7c7b\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cre\u2019em\u201d\u73b0\u5728\u88ab\u5723\u7ecf\u5b66\u8005\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5bb6\u666e\u904d\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u6307\u4e00\u79cd\u91ce\u725b\u6216\u539f\u725b\uff08Bos primigenius\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u572817\u4e16\u7eaa\u706d\u7edd\u7684\u5927\u578b\u5f3a\u58ee\u725b\u7c7b\uff08Schulze, 1992, pp. 337\u2013350\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u52a8\u7269\u4ee5\u5176\u529b\u91cf\u3001\u51f6\u731b\u548c\u4e0d\u53ef\u9a6f\u670d\u7684\u672c\u6027\u800c\u95fb\u540d\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\u4e0e\u201cre\u2019em\u201d\u5728\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u5723\u7ecf\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u975e\u5e38\u543b\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u6c11\u6570\u8bb0 23:22 \u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8bfb\u5230\uff1a\u201c\u795e\u9886\u4ed6\u4eec\u51fa\u57c3\u53ca\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u201d\uff08KJV\uff09\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6bd4\u8f83\u663e\u7136\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5524\u8d77\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u5927\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u7ea6\u4f2f\u8bb0 39:9-10 \u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u201d\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u65e0\u6cd5\u9a6f\u670d\u6216\u50cf\u5bb6\u725b\u4e00\u6837\u52b3\u4f5c\u7684\u52a8\u7269\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u5176\u91ce\u6027\u548c\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a7\u7684\u672c\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u542b\u4e49\u7684\u6df7\u6dc6\u6709\u7740\u8ff7\u4eba\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u5f53\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u5723\u7ecf\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\uff08\u4e03\u5341\u58eb\u8bd1\u672c\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u8bd1\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u201cmonokeros\u201d\uff08\u00ce\u00bc\u00ce\u00bf\u00ce\u00bd\u00cf\u0152\u00ce\u00ba\u00ce\u00b5\u00cf \u00cf\u2030\u00cf\u201a\uff09\u4e00\u8bcd\uff0c\u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u72ec\u89d2\u201d\uff0c\u6765\u7ffb\u8bd1\u201cre\u2019em\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u53e4\u4ee3\u8fd1\u4e1c\u827a\u672f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u827a\u672f\u6709\u65f6\u5c06\u725b\u63cf\u7ed8\u6210\u4fa7\u9762\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u53ea\u89d2\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\u8bcd\u6c47\u540e\u6765\u5728\u6b66\u52a0\u5927\u8bd1\u672c\u4e2d\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u201cunicornis\u201d\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u201cunicorn\u201d\uff08Schulze, 1992, pp. 337\u2013350\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4ece\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u6bb5\u8bed\u8a00\u4e4b\u65c5\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u610f\u8c61\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7406\u89e3\u4e4b\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6700\u521d\u7684\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u8bed\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u719f\u6089\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u5bf9\u201cre\u2019em\u201d\u6709\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u610f\u8c61\u3002\u968f\u7740\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5fc3\u7406\u610f\u8c61\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5728\u82f1\u8bed\u8bfb\u8005\u7684\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\u6f14\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u795e\u8bdd\u4e2d\u7684\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e5f\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u8c61\u5f81\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e2d\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6700\u521d\u7684\u201cre\u2019em\u201d\u56e0\u5176\u529b\u91cf\u548c\u91ce\u6027\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u91cd\u89c6\uff0c\u4f46\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u5728\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u6b27\u6d32\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u7eaf\u6d01\u548c\u4f18\u96c5\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8c61\u5f81\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u6587\u5316\u5982\u4f55\u91cd\u65b0\u89e3\u8bfb\u548c\u91cd\u65b0\u5229\u7528\u6982\u5ff5\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u5723\u7ecf\u5b66\u672f\u754c\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4e00\u81f4\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u91ce\u725b\u201d\u6216\u201c\u539f\u725b\u201d\u662f\u201cre\u2019em\u201d\u6700\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u89e3\u8bfb\u66f4\u7b26\u5408\u53e4\u4ee3\u8fd1\u4e1c\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u5b66\u73b0\u5b9e\u4ee5\u53ca\u8be5\u8bcd\u5728\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u5723\u7ecf\u4e2d\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u7528\u6cd5\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u73b0\u4ee3\u82f1\u8bed\u8bd1\u672c\uff0c\u5982\u65b0\u56fd\u9645\u7248\uff08NIV\uff09\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u82f1\u8bed\u8bd1\u672c\uff08ESV\uff09\uff0c\u90fd\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u8bd1\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u5723\u7ecf\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u201d\u7684\u8bcd\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u91ce\u725b\u6216\u539f\u725b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u5728\u8de8\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u7ffb\u8bd1\u53e4\u4ee3\u6587\u672c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u5723\u7ecf\u89e3\u8bfb\u4e2d\u8003\u8651\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u52a8\u7269\u5b66\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u5b83\u8fd8\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u6587\u672c\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u53d7\u5230\u6587\u5316\u5047\u8bbe\u548c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6f14\u53d8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5bd3\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u548c\u9053\u6210\u8089\u8eab\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8054\u7cfb\u4e3b\u8981\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8bd7\u7bc7 22:21\uff08KJV\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u89e3\u8bfb\uff1a\u201c\u6551\u6211\u8131\u79bb\u72ee\u5b50\u7684\u53e3\uff1a\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u5e94\u5141\u4e86\u6211\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u8131\u79bb\u4e86\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u7684\u89d2\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u6bb5\u7ecf\u6587\u88ab\u89e3\u8bfb\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u53d7\u96be\u7684\u9884\u5146\uff0c\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u7684\u89d2\u8c61\u5f81\u7740\u6551\u8d4e\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff08Shemesh, 2019\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u827a\u672f\u548c\u6587\u5b66\u4e2d\u7eaf\u6d01\u548c\u8d1e\u6d01\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u4f20\u8bf4\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u53ea\u53ea\u80fd\u88ab\u5904\u5973\u6355\u83b7\u7684\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6545\u4e8b\u88ab\u5bd3\u8a00\u5f0f\u5730\u89e3\u8bfb\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u57fa\u7763\uff08\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\uff09\u5728\u9053\u6210\u8089\u8eab\u4e2d\u6765\u5230\u5723\u6bcd\u739b\u5229\u4e9a\uff08\u7eaf\u6d01\u7684\u5c11\u5973\uff09\u8eab\u8fb9\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u89e3\u8bfb\u5c06\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u4e0e\u5723\u6bcd\u5d07\u62dc\u548c\u7ae5\u8d1e\u6000\u5b55\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u7d27\u5bc6\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff08Shemesh, 2019\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4ece\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u4ee5\u53ca\u968f\u540e\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u751f\u7269\u4e0a\u53e0\u52a0\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8c61\u5f81\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u601d\u7ef4\u5982\u4f55\u5bfb\u6c42\u521b\u9020\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u8fde\u8d2f\u6027\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u8fde\u63a5\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u7684\u53d9\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u4e0e\u7eaf\u6d01\u548c\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u4e5f\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u5e0c\u671b\u548c\u8d85\u8d8a\u6027\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\uff0c\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u795e\u8fdb\u5165\u4eba\u7c7b\u9886\u57df\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u548c\u6551\u8d4e\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8c61\u5f81\u610f\u4e49\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u6325\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6311\u6218\u548c\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b89\u6170\u548c\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u610f\u4e49\u5e76\u975e\u7edf\u4e00\u6216\u88ab\u666e\u904d\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u795e\u7236\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u8bef\u8bd1\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5bf9\u8d4b\u4e88\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u6301\u8c28\u614e\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5e0c\u6ce2\u7684\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u5728\u5bf9\u8bd7\u7bc7 22 \u7bc7\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u4e2d\uff0c\u627f\u8ba4\u4e86\u7ffb\u8bd1\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e13\u95e8\u9488\u5bf9\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\uff08Schulze, 1992, pp. 337\u2013350\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5723\u7ecf\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u6f84\u6e05\u4e86\u56f4\u7ed5\u201c\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u201d\u6bb5\u843d\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u5728\u4e3b\u6d41\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u610f\u4e49\u5df2\u7ecf\u51cf\u5f31\u3002\u4f46\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u5728\u6d41\u884c\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u4e0e\u7eaf\u6d01\u3001\u9b54\u6cd5\u548c\u8d85\u8d8a\u6027\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8054\u7cfb\u547c\u5e94\u4e86\u5176\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8c61\u5f81\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4ece\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u5b97\u6559\u610f\u4e49\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u8c61\u5f81\u7cfb\u7edf\u5982\u4f55\u968f\u7740\u6587\u5316\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u6f14\u53d8\u548c\u9002\u5e94\u3002\u5b83\u4e5f\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u67d0\u4e9b\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u8054\u60f3\u7684\u97e7\u6027\u2014\u2014\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u4e0e\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7eaf\u6d01\u548c\u8d85\u8d8a\u6027\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u660e\u786e\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u80cc\u666f\u6de1\u5316\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u4ee3\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u7ee7\u7eed\u4ea7\u751f\u5171\u9e23\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u867d\u7136\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u5723\u7ecf\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u57fa\u7763\u3001\u7eaf\u6d01\u548c\u9053\u6210\u8089\u8eab\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\uff0c\u65e2\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u795e\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e5f\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u8d85\u8d8a\u6027\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8c61\u5f81\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u6587\u5316\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u6784\u5efa\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8c61\u5f81\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u529f\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u65e9\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u795e\u7236\u5bf9\u5723\u7ecf\u4e2d\u201c\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u201d\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u89e3\u8bfb\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ff7\u4eba\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u65e9\u671f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u91ca\u7ecf\u5b66\u3001\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6311\u6218\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b57\u9762\u548c\u5bd3\u8a00\u89e3\u8bfb\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5fc5\u987b\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u795e\u7236\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u8bd1\u672c\u2014\u2014\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\u4e03\u5341\u58eb\u8bd1\u672c\u548c\u540e\u6765\u7684\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u6b66\u52a0\u5927\u8bd1\u672c\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bd1\u672c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c06\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u8bed\u7684\u201cre\u2019em\u201d\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201cmonokeros\u201d\uff08\u72ec\u89d2\uff09\u6216\u201cunicornis\u201d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u5df2\u7ecf\u504f\u79bb\u4e86\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u8bed\u542b\u4e49\uff08Schulze, 1992, pp. 337\u2013350\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8bb8\u591a\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u795e\u7236\u4ee5\u5b57\u9762\u548c\u5bd3\u8a00\u89e3\u8bfb\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u201c\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u201d\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c2\u4e16\u7eaa\u5199\u4f5c\u7684\u67e5\u58eb\u4e01\u6b89\u9053\u8005\u5c06\u7533\u547d\u8bb0 33:17 \u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u201c\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u7684\u89d2\u201d\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u5341\u5b57\u67b6\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u3002\u4ed6\u5c06\u72ec\u89d2\u89c6\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u5782\u76f4\u6881\uff0c\u5c06\u6a2a\u6881\u89c6\u4e3a\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u89d2\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u5bf9\u8be5\u6bb5\u843d\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u8bba\u89e3\u8bfb\uff08Zawanowska, 2016, pp. 1\u201349\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u81f33\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u7684\u7279\u571f\u826f\u4e5f\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u610f\u8c61\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u53cd\u9a6c\u5409\u5b89\u8bba\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06\u5723\u7ecf\u4e2d\u5f52\u4e8e\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u9690\u55bb\u3002\u8fd9\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u65e9\u671f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u5982\u4f55\u7ecf\u5e38\u5bfb\u6c42\u5728\u65e7\u7ea6\u6bb5\u843d\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u57fa\u7763\u8bba\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\uff08Zawanowska, 2016, pp. 1\u201349\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4f46\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u795e\u7236\u90fd\u6beb\u65e0\u6279\u5224\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u7684\u89e3\u8bfb\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u6700\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\u5e0c\u6ce2\u7684\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8bd7\u7bc7 22 \u7bc7\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u4e2d\u627f\u8ba4\u4e86\u7ffb\u8bd1\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u8bed\u8bcd\u6c47\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u72ec\u89d2\u52a8\u7269\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ec5\u4ec5\u6307\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89e3\u8bfb\u91cd\u70b9\u653e\u5728\u540e\u4e00\u79cd\u542b\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u63a8\u6d4b\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff08Schulze, 1992, pp. 337\u2013350\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4ece\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89e3\u8bfb\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5b97\u6559\u91ca\u7ecf\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u795e\u7236\u4ece\u4e8b\u7740\u590d\u6742\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u6784\u5efa\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\u548c\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u8bd1\u672c\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u548c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6559\u4e49\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u76f8\u534f\u8c03\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6d89\u53ca\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u8ba4\u77e5\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u201d\u2014\u2014\u5373\u9002\u5e94\u601d\u7ef4\u5e76\u53d1\u73b0\u601d\u60f3\u4e4b\u95f4\u65b0\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5bd3\u8a00\u5f0f\u7684\u89e3\u8bfb\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u601d\u7ef4\u8fdb\u884c\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u601d\u8003\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u7684\u89d2\u89c6\u4e3a\u5341\u5b57\u67b6\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e9\u671f\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u62bd\u8c61\u63a8\u7406\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u601d\u7ef4\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u5173\u952e\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u4f53\u9a8c\u4e2d\u8d77\u7740\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u65e9\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u795e\u7236\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6bb5\u843d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53d7\u5230\u5176\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u8be0\u91ca\u5b66\u539f\u5219\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u9075\u5faa\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u89e3\u91ca\u5b66\u6d3e\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5723\u7ecf\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u2014\u2014\u5b57\u9762\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fe1\u5ff5\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u539f\u672c\u53ef\u80fd\u663e\u5f97\u6666\u6da9\u6216\u65e0\u5173\u7d27\u8981\u7684\u6bb5\u843d\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u66f4\u6df1\u5c42\u7684\u3001\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u8bba\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff08Graves, 2014\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e76\u975e\u6ca1\u6709\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\u30024\u4e16\u7eaa\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5b89\u63d0\u963f\u89e3\u91ca\u5b66\u6d3e\u5f3a\u8c03\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u5b57\u9762\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b57\u9762\u548c\u5bd3\u8a00\u89e3\u8bfb\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f20\u529b\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6301\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u662f\u5723\u7ecf\u8be0\u91ca\u5b66\u4e2d\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u65e9\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u795e\u7236\u5bf9\u5723\u7ecf\u4e2d\u201c\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u201d\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u89e3\u8bfb\u662f\u591a\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u91ca\u7ecf\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u795e\u5b66\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u5c06\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u89c6\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u6216\u5176\u5341\u5b57\u67b6\u8c61\u5f81\u7684\u5bd3\u8a00\u89e3\u8bfb\uff0c\u4f46\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u5219\u66f4\u4e3a\u8c28\u614e\uff0c\u627f\u8ba4\u4e86\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3a\u65e9\u671f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u5723\u7ecf\u89e3\u8bfb\u7684\u6311\u6218\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b97\u6559\u610f\u4e49\u6784\u5efa\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u6587\u672c\u3001\u7ffb\u8bd1\u548c\u89e3\u8bfb\u4e4b\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7ee7\u7eed\u5851\u9020\u7740\u5b97\u6559\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u867d\u7136\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5723\u7ecf\u52a8\u7269\u5b66\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f20\u7edf\u548c\u8c61\u5f81\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u7cbe\u795e\u542b\u4e49\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cbe\u795e\u542b\u4e49\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5185\u90e8\u5e76\u672a\u88ab\u666e\u904d\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u662f\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u5bd3\u8a00\u89e3\u8bfb\u548c\u540e\u6765\u6587\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u5723\u7ecf\u6559\u5bfc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5bd3\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u51e0\u79cd\u7cbe\u795e\u542b\u4e49\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\u6700\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u662f\u5b83\u4e0e\u7eaf\u6d01\u548c\u8d1e\u6d01\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8054\u7cfb\u6e90\u4e8e\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u5bd3\u8a00\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u8be5\u4f20\u7edf\u5c06\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u63cf\u7ed8\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u53ea\u80fd\u88ab\u5904\u5973\u6355\u83b7\u7684\u751f\u7269\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f20\u8bf4\u88ab\u5bd3\u8a00\u5f0f\u5730\u89e3\u8bfb\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u57fa\u7763\uff08\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\uff09\u5728\u9053\u6210\u8089\u8eab\u4e2d\u6765\u5230\u5723\u6bcd\u739b\u5229\u4e9a\uff08\u7eaf\u6d01\u7684\u5c11\u5973\uff09\u8eab\u8fb9\uff08Shemesh, 2019\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bd3\u8a00\u5f0f\u7684\u89e3\u8bfb\u5c06\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u4e0e\u7ae5\u8d1e\u6000\u5b55\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u7d27\u5bc6\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5e76\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u7cbe\u795e\u7eaf\u6d01\u548c\u8d1e\u6d01\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u7eaf\u6d01\u7684\u8f6c\u5316\u529b\u91cf\u4ee5\u53ca\u7cbe\u795e\u7eaf\u771f\u80fd\u591f\u9a6f\u670d\u548c\u6551\u8d4e\u4eba\u6027\u4e2d\u91ce\u86ee\u6216\u7f6a\u6076\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u4e0e\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u7cbe\u795e\u542b\u4e49\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u727a\u7272\u548c\u6551\u8d4e\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u7684\u72ec\u89d2\u6709\u65f6\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u4e0e\u5723\u7236\u5408\u4e00\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u8def\u52a0\u798f\u97f3 1:69 \u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u201c\u6551\u8d4e\u4e4b\u89d2\u201d\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u8c61\u5f81\u7740\u57fa\u7763\u62ef\u6551\u548c\u6551\u8d4e\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff08Shemesh, 2019\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4ece\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cbe\u795e\u542b\u4e49\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u613f\u671b\u3002\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u4e0e\u7eaf\u6d01\u548c\u6551\u8d4e\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u8bc9\u8bf4\u7740\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u9053\u5fb7\u5b8c\u7f8e\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u8f6c\u5316\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6e34\u671b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f3a\u5927\u800c\u6e29\u548c\u3001\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u7eaf\u6d01\u624d\u80fd\u63a5\u8fd1\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u4e0e\u201c\u7406\u60f3\u81ea\u6211\u201d\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u6982\u5ff5\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5171\u9e23\u2014\u2014\u5373\u6211\u4eec\u5904\u4e8e\u6700\u4f73\u72b6\u6001\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u7684\u6837\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u6551\u8d4e\u529b\u91cf\u8c61\u5f81\u7684\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u5e0c\u671b\u548c\u6551\u8d4e\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u795e\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u727a\u7272\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5bbd\u6055\u548c\u6c38\u751f\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u3002\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u5927\u529b\u91cf\u548c\u7f8e\u4e3d\u7684\u795e\u8bdd\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d85\u8d8a\u6027\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u6709\u529b\u8c61\u5f81\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c5e\u7075\u542b\u4e49\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5185\u90e8\u5e76\u672a\u5f97\u5230\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u53ef\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bd3\u610f\u89e3\u91ca\u6301\u6000\u7591\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5173\u6ce8\u7ecf\u6587\u7684\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u968f\u7740\u5723\u7ecf\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u6f84\u6e05\u4e86\u56f4\u7ed5\u201c\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u201d\u6bb5\u843d\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u5728\u4e3b\u6d41\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u610f\u4e49\u9010\u6e10\u51cf\u5f31\uff08Schulze, 1992, pp. 337\u2013350\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4f46\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u8c61\u5f81\u610f\u4e49\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u827a\u672f\u548c\u5927\u4f17\u7075\u6027\u4e2d\u5f97\u4ee5\u4fdd\u7559\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f53\u4ee3\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u4ecd\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u7eaf\u6d01\u3001\u795e\u5723\u529b\u91cf\u6216\u5c5e\u7075\u8f6c\u5316\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6301\u4e45\u6027\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u7c7b\u5728\u795e\u8bdd\u548c\u9b54\u6cd5\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u5c5e\u7075\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u503e\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4ece\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e2d\u5c5e\u7075\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\uff0c\u4e3a\u7b26\u53f7\u601d\u7ef4\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u610f\u4e49\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5b83\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u7b26\u53f7\u5982\u4f55\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u5728\u6587\u5316\u3001\u795e\u5b66\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\u79ef\u7d2f\u591a\u5c42\u542b\u4e49\u3002\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u4ece\u201c\u91ce\u725b\u201d\u7684\u8bef\u8bd1\u6f14\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u8c61\u5f81\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u521b\u9020\u548c\u9610\u8ff0\u7b26\u53f7\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4ee5\u8868\u8fbe\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u771f\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u867d\u7136\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u5e76\u975e\u57fa\u4e8e\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u5723\u7ecf\u6559\u5bfc\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5c5e\u7075\u542b\u4e49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u542b\u4e49\u4ee5\u7eaf\u6d01\u3001\u6551\u8d4e\u548c\u795e\u5723\u529b\u91cf\u4e3a\u4e3b\u9898\uff0c\u65e2\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u795e\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e5f\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e2d\u5e76\u672a\u88ab\u666e\u904d\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c5e\u7075\u8054\u60f3\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u795e\u8bdd\u7b26\u53f7\u5728\u8868\u8fbe\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u5c5e\u7075\u601d\u60f3\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6301\u4e45\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u6211\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b26\u53f7\u3001\u7075\u6027\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f15\u4eba\u5165\u80dc\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u8d85\u8d8a\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u4e00\u76f4\u5438\u5f15\u7740\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u5404\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u827a\u672f\u548c\u6587\u5b66\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6559\u7687\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u6211\u7740\u8ff7\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u795e\u8bdd\u751f\u7269\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u827a\u672f\u4e2d\uff0c\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u5e38\u8c61\u5f81\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u9053\u6210\u8089\u8eab\u3002\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5bd3\u8a00\u96c6\u548c\u6302\u6bef\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u88ab\u5904\u5973\u9a6f\u670d\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u7eaf\u6d01\u7684\u5723\u6bcd\u739b\u5229\u4e9a\u548c\u57fa\u7763\u7518\u613f\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u727a\u7272\uff08Lembke et al., 2018\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u610f\u8c61\u6709\u529b\u5730\u4f20\u8fbe\u4e86\u4e0a\u5e1d\u901a\u8fc7\u739b\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u5b50\u5bab\u6210\u4e3a\u4eba\u7684\u5965\u79d8\u3002\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u7684\u72ec\u89d2\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u5723\u7236\u4e0e\u5723\u5b50\u7684\u5408\u4e00\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u96be\u4ee5\u6349\u6478\u7684\u672c\u6027\u5219\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u795e\u6027\u548c\u4eba\u6027\uff08Shemesh, 2019\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u6587\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u5bd3\u8a00\u4e2d\u5360\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c12\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u5b66\u300b\uff08Physiologus\uff09\u5c06\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5b83\u5982\u4f55\u53ea\u80fd\u88ab\u7eaf\u6d01\u7684\u5904\u5973\u6355\u83b7\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f\u5bf9\u9053\u6210\u8089\u8eab\u7684\u660e\u786e\u5f71\u5c04\uff08Lembke et al., 2018\uff09\u3002\u540e\u6765\u7684\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u6d6a\u6f2b\u6587\u5b66\u548c\u8bd7\u6b4c\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u8c61\u5f81\u6765\u63a2\u7d22\u7eaf\u6d01\u3001\u6cbb\u6108\u548c\u5c5e\u7075\u8f6c\u5316\u7b49\u4e3b\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u827a\u672f\u89c1\u8bc1\u4e86\u5b97\u6559\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u610f\u8c61\u7684\u7e41\u8363\u3002\u7ed8\u753b\u548c\u6302\u6bef\u7ecf\u5e38\u5c06\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u63cf\u7ed8\u5728\u4f0a\u7538\u56ed\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u901a\u8fc7\u57fa\u7763\u91cd\u83b7\u7684\u4e50\u56ed\u3002\u7ebd\u7ea6\u4fee\u9053\u9662\u535a\u7269\u9986\u8457\u540d\u7684\u300a\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u6302\u6bef\u300b\u5b8c\u7f8e\u5730\u8be0\u91ca\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u4f20\u7edf\uff08Shemesh, 2019\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u7b26\u53f7\u4f3c\u4e4e\u89e6\u52a8\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u5fc3\u7406\u6df1\u5904\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\u2014\u2014\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u7eaf\u6d01\u3001\u8d85\u8d8a\u548c\u6cbb\u6108\u7684\u6e34\u671b\uff0c\u8fd9\u8ba9\u6211\u6df1\u53d7\u89e6\u52a8\u3002\u5b83\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u827a\u672f\u548c\u6587\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u6301\u4e45\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u8bc9\u8bf4\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5c5e\u7075\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5bf9\u795e\u79d8\u548c\u5947\u8ff9\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u8c28\u614e\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u8fc7\u5ea6\u6c89\u8ff7\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b26\u53f7\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e30\u5bcc\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7126\u70b9\u5e94\u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u672c\u4eba\u4ee5\u53ca\u5723\u7ecf\u4e2d\u63ed\u793a\u7684\u771f\u7406\u3002\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u827a\u672f\u548c\u6545\u4e8b\u4e2d\u591a\u4e48\u7f8e\u4e3d\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u90fd\u53ea\u662f\u6307\u5411\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c5e\u7075\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u6307\u5f15\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5723\u7ecf\u4e2d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u50cf\u4f0a\u7538\u56ed\u91cc\u7684\u86c7\u6216\u5df4\u5170\u7684\u9a74\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u5c06\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u8f83\u65e9\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u8bd1\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u300a\u94a6\u5b9a\u7248\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\uff08KJV\uff09\uff0c\u786e\u5b9e\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u201c\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u201d\uff08Schulze, 1992, pp. 337\u2013350\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f15\u7528\u4e3b\u8981\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u300a\u7ea6\u4f2f\u8bb0\u300b\u3001\u300a\u8bd7\u7bc7\u300b\u548c\u300a\u4ee5\u8d5b\u4e9a\u4e66\u300b\u7b49\u8bd7\u6b4c\u548c\u5148\u77e5\u4e66\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cKJV\u4e2d\u7684\u6c11\u6570\u8bb023:22\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u9886\u4ed6\u4eec\u51fa\u57c3\u53ca\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u201d\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u8bd7\u7bc792:10\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u5374\u9ad8\u4e3e\u4e86\u6211\u7684\u89d2\uff0c\u50cf\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u7684\u89d2\uff1b\u6211\u88ab\u65b0\u6cb9\u818f\u62b9\u4e86\u3002\u201d\uff08Schulze, 1992, pp. 337\u2013350\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u660e\u767d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ffb\u8bd1\u73b0\u5728\u88ab\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5723\u7ecf\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u3002\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u201d\u7684\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u8bed\u5355\u8bcd\u662f\u201cre\u2019em\u201d\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5bb6\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u6307\u7684\u662f\u91ce\u725b\u6216\u539f\u725b\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u79cd\u73b0\u5df2\u706d\u7edd\u7684\u5927\u578b\u5f3a\u58ee\u725b\u7c7b\uff08Hoop, 2023, pp. 256\u2013267; Schulze, 1992, pp. 337\u2013350\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\u300a\u4e03\u5341\u58eb\u8bd1\u672c\u300b\u5c06\u201cre\u2019em\u201d\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201cmonokeros\u201d\uff0c\u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u72ec\u89d2\u201d\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u7684\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u548c\u82f1\u8bed\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5bb6\u5c06\u5176\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u201c\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u201d\uff08Schulze, 1992, pp. 337\u2013350\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\u6301\u7eed\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u827a\u672f\u3001\u6587\u5b66\u548c\u5927\u4f17\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6211\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ffb\u8bd1\u9009\u62e9\u5982\u4f55\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u6587\u5316\u548c\u5c5e\u7075\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u8fd9\u975e\u5e38\u5f15\u4eba\u5165\u80dc\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u610f\u8c61\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u6211\u4eec\u5b97\u6559\u7406\u89e3\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u5fc5\u987b\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u5723\u7ecf\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u524a\u5f31\u56f4\u7ed5\u8fd9\u79cd\u751f\u7269\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u4e30\u5bcc\u8c61\u5f81\u4f20\u7edf\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u9080\u8bf7\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u53cd\u601d\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u8bfb\u5723\u7ecf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u4e00\u76f4\u4e0e\u7eaf\u6d01\u548c\u8d1e\u6d01\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8054\u7cfb\u6e90\u4e8e\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u4f20\u8bf4\uff0c\u58f0\u79f0\u53ea\u6709\u5904\u5973\u624d\u80fd\u6355\u83b7\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\uff08Lembke et al., 2018\uff09\u3002\u5728\u5723\u7ecf\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7eaf\u6d01\u53ef\u4ee5\u7c7b\u6bd4\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u88ab\u547c\u53ec\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u57f9\u517b\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u7eaf\u6d01\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u8bd7\u7bc7\u4f5c\u8005\u6240\u5199\uff1a\u201c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u554a\uff0c\u6c42\u4f60\u4e3a\u6211\u9020\u6e05\u6d01\u7684\u5fc3\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u91cc\u9762\u91cd\u65b0\u6709\u6b63\u76f4\u7684\u7075\u201d\uff08\u8bd7\u7bc751:10\uff09\u3002\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5145\u6ee1\u8bf1\u60d1\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u5c5e\u7075\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u7684\u72ec\u89d2\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u7edf\u4e00\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u3002\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u4e0e\u5723\u7236\u7684\u5408\u4e00\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u4eec\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5173\u7cfb\u65f6\u5e94\u6709\u7684\u4e13\u6ce8\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff08Lembke et al., 2018\uff09\u3002\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u9690\u55bb\uff0c\u8c61\u5f81\u7740\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u6574\u5408\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c06\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u751f\u547d\u7684\u65e8\u610f\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6c11\u95f4\u4f20\u8bf4\u4e2d\u5e38\u5f52\u4e8e\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u548c\u9ad8\u8d35\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u90a3\u4e9b\u66fe\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6307\u4ee3\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u7684\u7ecf\u6587\u4e2d\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u795e\u5723\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8f83\u65e9\u8bd1\u672c\u4e2d\u7684\u6c11\u6570\u8bb023:22\u8c08\u5230\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u5c31\u50cf\u201c\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u201d\uff08\u73b0\u5728\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u91ce\u725b\uff09\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff08Schulze, 1992, pp. 337\u2013350\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u610f\u8c61\u9080\u8bf7\u6211\u4eec\u53cd\u601d\u4ece\u4e0a\u5e1d\u90a3\u91cc\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\u201c\u6211\u9760\u7740\u90a3\u52a0\u7ed9\u6211\u529b\u91cf\u7684\uff0c\u51e1\u4e8b\u90fd\u80fd\u505a\u201d\uff08\u8153\u7acb\u6bd4\u4e664:13\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\u4e0e\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u89d2\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6cbb\u6108\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u6cbb\u6108\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u5e76\u975e\u660e\u786e\u7684\u5723\u7ecf\u6559\u5bfc\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u8054\u60f3\u4e0e\u798f\u97f3\u4e66\u4e2d\u5173\u4e8e\u8036\u7a23\u6cbb\u6108\u4e8b\u5de5\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5171\u9e23\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6240\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u3001\u60c5\u611f\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u8eab\u4f53\u4e0a\u7684\u6cbb\u6108\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6c11\u95f4\u4f20\u8bf4\u4e2d\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u96be\u4ee5\u6349\u6478\u7684\u672c\u6027\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u5c5e\u7075\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u5f88\u5c11\u88ab\u770b\u89c1\u4e14\u96be\u4ee5\u6355\u6349\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u795e\u5723\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u611f\u5230\u8f6c\u77ac\u5373\u901d\u6216\u96be\u4ee5\u628a\u63e1\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u8d28\u9f13\u52b1\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5c5e\u7075\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e2d\u575a\u6301\u4e0d\u61c8\uff0c\u59cb\u7ec8\u5bfb\u6c42\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u66f4\u6df1\u5c42\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u4e0e\u4e50\u56ed\u548c\u7eaf\u6d01\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u5c06\u5176\u89c6\u4e3a\u6062\u590d\u540e\u7684\u4f0a\u7538\u56ed\u6216\u65b0\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5723\u7ecf\u4e2d\u5173\u4e8e\u6551\u8d4e\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u521b\u9020\u7684\u5e94\u8bb8\u4e3b\u9898\u76f8\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6211\u9f13\u52b1\u4f60\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u7684\u7f8e\u5fb7\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u7684\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5947\u5e7b\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u5f80\u66f4\u6df1\u5c5e\u7075\u6210\u957f\u7684\u9080\u8bf7\u3002\u8ba9\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u7684\u7eaf\u6d01\u6fc0\u52b1\u4f60\u8ffd\u6c42\u5723\u6d01\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u63d0\u9192\u4f60\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5728\u4f60\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u5b83\u96be\u4ee5\u6349\u6478\u7684\u7279\u8d28\u6fc0\u52b1\u4f60\u575a\u6301\u4e0d\u61c8\u5730\u5bfb\u6c42\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u540c\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8bf7\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b26\u53f7\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e30\u5bcc\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u7126\u70b9\u5fc5\u987b\u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u672c\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7f8e\u5fb7\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4f53\u73b0\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6551\u8d4e\u7684\u6e90\u6cc9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u8f83\u65e9\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u8bd1\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u300a\u94a6\u5b9a\u7248\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\uff08KJV\uff09\uff0c\u6709\u51e0\u5904\u7ecf\u6587\u4f3c\u4e4e\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u3002\u4f46\u73b0\u4ee3\u8bd1\u672c\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u518d\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bd1\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u539f\u59cb\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u548c\u53e4\u4ee3\u8fd1\u4e1c\u52a8\u7269\u5b66\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\uff08Hoop, 2023, pp. 256\u2013267; Schulze, 1992, pp. 337\u2013350\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6240\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u8bed\u5355\u8bcd\u662f\u201cre\u2019em\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u65e7\u7ea6\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e5d\u6b21\u3002\u5728KJV\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5f53\u4ee3\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6307\u7684\u662f\u91ce\u725b\u6216\u539f\u725b\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u73b0\u5df2\u706d\u7edd\u7684\u5927\u578b\u725b\u7c7b\uff08Hoop, 2023, pp. 256\u2013267; Schulze, 1992, pp. 337\u2013350\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u8bd1\u672c\u901a\u5e38\u5c06\u201cre\u2019em\u201d\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u91ce\u725b\u201d\u6216\u6709\u65f6\u662f\u201c\u6c34\u725b\u201d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u770b\u8bd7\u7bc722:21\uff0cKJV\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u6551\u6211\u8131\u79bb\u72ee\u5b50\u7684\u53e3\uff1a\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u5e94\u5141\u6211\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u8131\u79bb\u4e86\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u7684\u89d2\u3002\u201d\u300a\u65b0\u56fd\u9645\u7248\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\uff08NIV\uff09\u5c06\u5176\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\uff1a\u201c\u6551\u6211\u8131\u79bb\u72ee\u5b50\u7684\u53e3\uff1b\u6551\u6211\u8131\u79bb\u91ce\u725b\u7684\u89d2\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e0a\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5723\u7ecf\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u5373\u4f18\u5148\u8003\u8651\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4f20\u7edf\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u6211\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d8\u5316\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6bb5\u843d\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u548c\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u8010\u4eba\u5bfb\u5473\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u610f\u8c61\u5728\u5851\u9020\u6211\u4eec\u5c5e\u7075\u6982\u5ff5\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u7edd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d8\u5316\u89c6\u4e3a\u5723\u7ecf\u529b\u91cf\u6216\u7f8e\u611f\u7684\u51cf\u635f\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u9080\u8bf7\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u4e0e\u6587\u672c\u53ca\u5176\u5386\u53f2\u80cc\u666f\u4e92\u52a8\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u601d\u8003\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u548c\u7942\u6240\u521b\u9020\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u4e16\u754c\u65f6\uff0c\u91ce\u725b\u90a3\u79cd\u5f3a\u5927\u4e14\u672a\u88ab\u9a6f\u670d\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u4e00\u6837\u5177\u6709\u611f\u67d3\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e00\u4e9b\u73b0\u4ee3\u8bd1\u672c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u610f\u8c61\u7684\u6587\u5316\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u300a\u82f1\u8bed\u6807\u51c6\u7248\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\uff08ESV\uff09\u5728\u6b63\u6587\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u201c\u91ce\u725b\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u7ecf\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u811a\u6ce8\uff0c\u63d0\u5230\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u8bed\u5355\u8bcd\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\u88ab\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u72ec\u89d2\u517d\u201d\uff08Hoop, 2023, pp. 256\u2013267\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5f25\u5408\u4f20\u7edf\u89e3\u91ca\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u5b66\u672f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u9e3f\u6c9f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f53\u4ee3\u5b66\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u201cre\u2019em\u201d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u73b0\u5df2\u706d\u7edd\u7684\u7269\u79cd\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7280\u725b\u3002\u8fd9\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\u5723\u7ecf\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u6301\u7684\u8c26\u5351\u6001\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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