圣经的奥秘： 耶稣是神的儿子还是神？

说耶稣是神的儿子，就是肯定几个关于他在基督教信仰中的身份和作用的关键神学真理。 这个标题强调了他与天父神的独特关系，他的神圣本性，以及他在救赎历史上的角色。

神圣的关系：

Calling Jesus the Son of God highlights His unique and eternal relationship with God the Father. Unlike humans who become children of God through faith and adoption, Jesus is the Son of God by nature. This implies a special, intimate relationship characterized by unity and co-equality. In passages such as John 10:30, Jesus states, “I and the Father are one,” indicating His shared divinity with the Father.

神圣 自然:

The title “Son of God” asserts Jesus’ divine nature. It affirms that He is fully God, possessing the same divine essence as the Father. This is crucial for understanding the doctrine of the Trinity, which teaches that God exists as three persons—Father, Son, and Holy Spirit—who share one divine essence. John 1:1-14 clearly states, “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God… The Word became flesh and made his dwelling among us.”

弥赛亚角色：

Jesus being the Son of God also emphasizes His role as the Messiah, the anointed one sent by God to bring salvation to humanity. This title is deeply connected to His mission to reveal God to humanity, to teach, to heal, and ultimately to offer Himself as a sacrificial atonement for sin. In Matthew 16:16, Peter’s confession, “You are the Messiah, the Son of the living God,” links Jesus’ divine sonship directly with His messianic mission.

预言的实现：

The designation of Jesus as the Son of God is seen as the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies concerning the Messiah. Passages such as Psalm 2:7, “You are my Son; today I have become your Father,” are interpreted in the New Testament (e.g., Acts 13:33) as pointing to Jesus’ divine sonship and messianic role.

摘要：

• 称耶稣为神的儿子，肯定了他与父神的独特、永恒的关系。
• 它断言他的神圣性质，对三位一体的教义至关重要。
• The title emphasizes Jesus’ role as the Messiah, sent to bring salvation.
• 它标志着旧约关于弥赛亚的预言的实现。

耶稣被称为上帝的儿子的圣经基础植根于旧约和新约，其中这个标题被用来描述他的神圣性质和弥赛亚的角色。 几个关键段落为这种理解奠定了基础。

舊約預言：

1. Psalm 2:7： “I will proclaim the Lord’s decree: He said to me, ‘You are my son; today I have become your father.’” This verse is seen as a messianic prophecy that finds fulfillment in Jesus Christ, emphasizing His divine sonship.
2. 以赛亚书9:6： “For to us a child is born, to us a son is given… And he will be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace.” This prophecy highlights the divine nature of the coming Messiah.

新约确认：

1. 福音书：

• Matthew 3:17: At Jesus’ baptism, a voice from heaven says, “This is my Son, whom I love; with him I am well pleased.”
• John 1:34: John the Baptist testifies, “I have seen and I testify that this is God’s Chosen One.”

2. 书信：

• 罗马书1:3-4： “Regarding his Son, who as to his earthly life was a descendant of David, and who through the Spirit of holiness was appointed the Son of God in power by his resurrection from the dead: Jesus Christ our Lord.”
• 希伯来书1:1-2： “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son, whom he appointed heir of all things, and through whom also he made the universe.”

Jesus’ Own Claims:

1. 约翰 10:36: “Why then do you accuse me of blasphemy because I said, ‘I am God’s Son’?”
2. 马太福音16:16： Peter’s confession, “You are the Messiah, the Son of the living God,” is affirmed by Jesus as revealed by the Father.

使徒证言：

The apostles consistently preached Jesus as the Son of God. For instance, in Acts 9:20, after his conversion, Paul “began to preach in the synagogues that Jesus is the Son of God.”

摘要：

• Old Testament prophecies, such as Psalm 2:7 and Isaiah 9:6, foreshadow Jesus’ divine sonship.
• 新约福音书和书信中的肯定明确地称耶稣为神的儿子。
• 耶稣自己自称是神的儿子，正如福音书所记载的那样。
• 使徒见证，如保罗的讲道，支持这个称号。

The Old Testament uses the term “son of God” in various ways, often referring to different entities with different connotations. Understanding these references helps to grasp the full biblical context in which Jesus’ title as the Son of God is understood.

Israel as God’s Son:

In some passages, the nation of Israel is referred to as God’s son. This collective designation underscores Israel’s unique relationship with God as His chosen people.

• 出埃及记4:22-23： “Then say to Pharaoh, ‘This is what the Lord says: Israel is my firstborn son, and I told you, ‘Let my son go, so he may worship me.’”
• 何西亞11:1： “When Israel was a child, I loved him, and out of Egypt I called my son.”

天使是神的兒子：

The term “sons of God” also appears in reference to angels, emphasizing their heavenly origin and close association with God.

• 工作1:6： “One day the angels came to present themselves before the Lord, and Satan also came with them.”
• 创世 记 6:2: “The sons of God saw that the daughters of humans were beautiful, and they married any of them they chose.”

Kings and the Messiah as God’s Son:

Certain Old Testament passages refer to the king of Israel, and by extension, the anticipated Messiah, as God’s son. This usage often carries messianic overtones and is interpreted as pointing forward to Jesus Christ.

• 2 Samuel 7:14 ： “I will be his father, and he will be my son. When he does wrong, I will punish him with a rod wielded by men, with floggings inflicted by human hands.”
• Psalm 2:7： “I will proclaim the Lord’s decree: He said to me, ‘You are my son; today I have become your father.’”

摘要：

• The term “son of God” in the Old Testament can refer to the nation of Israel, emphasizing their special relationship with God.
• 它也指天使，突出他们的天性起源和与上帝的亲近。
• 该术语用于君王和预期的弥赛亚，具有指向耶稣基督的弥赛亚含义。

Jesus is uniquely called the Son of God because His sonship encompasses a distinct and unparalleled relationship with God the Father, His divine nature, and His redemptive mission. This title sets Him apart from other references to “sons of God” in Scripture.

与父亲的独特关系：

Jesus’ sonship is characterized by an eternal, intimate relationship with God the Father. Unlike believers who are adopted as children of God through faith (Galatians 4:4-5), Jesus is the Son of God by nature. This unique relationship is evident in passages where Jesus speaks of His unity with the Father (John 10:30) and His pre-existence before the world was created (John 17:5).

神圣 自然:

Jesus’ designation as the Son of God affirms His divine nature. He is not merely a son in a metaphorical or adoptive sense, but He shares the same divine essence as the Father. This is crucial to the doctrine of the Trinity, where Jesus is acknowledged as fully God and fully man. John 1:1, 14 emphasizes this by declaring, “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God… The Word became flesh and made his dwelling among us.”

救赎使命：

Jesus is uniquely the Son of God because of His role in the divine plan of salvation. He was sent by the Father to redeem humanity through His life, death, and resurrection. This mission is encapsulated in John 3:16: “For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life.” Jesus’ sonship is directly connected to His sacrificial role as the Savior of the world.

预言的实现：

Jesus fulfills the Old Testament prophecies concerning the Messiah, who is referred to as God’s Son. Passages such as Psalm 2:7 and Isaiah 9:6 find their ultimate fulfillment in Jesus, who is recognized as the promised Messiah and the divine Son of God (Acts 13:33).

復活與神聖的任命：

The resurrection of Jesus further validates His unique sonship. Romans 1:4 states, “And who through the Spirit of holiness was appointed the Son of God in power by his resurrection from the dead: Jesus Christ our Lord.” The resurrection demonstrates His victory over sin and death, affirming His divine identity and mission.

摘要：

• 耶稣与父神有着永恒的、亲密的关系，不同于任何其他人。
• 他的神性使他与众不同，完全是神，与父有相同的本质。
• Jesus’ redemptive mission highlights His unique role in God’s plan of salvation.

The title “Son of God” holds profound significance in Christian theology, encapsulating essential truths about Jesus’ identity, mission, and the nature of the relationship between God and humanity.

Affirmation of Jesus’ Divinity:

The title “Son of God” affirms Jesus’ divine nature, establishing Him as fully God. This is foundational to the doctrine of the Trinity, which teaches that God exists as three persons—Father, Son, and Holy Spirit—sharing one divine essence. The recognition of Jesus as the Son of God underscores His equality with the Father and His role in the Godhead. John 1:1, 14 captures this divine identity: “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God… The Word became flesh and made his dwelling among us.”

父亲的启示：

As the Son of God, Jesus uniquely reveals the Father to humanity. His teachings, miracles, and life demonstrate the character and will of God. In John 14:9, Jesus tells Philip, “Anyone who has seen me has seen the Father.” Through His actions and words, Jesus provides the clearest and fullest revelation of God, making the divine accessible and understandable to humanity.

救赎的调解人：

The title “Son of God” highlights Jesus’ role as the mediator between God and humanity. As both fully divine and fully human, He bridges the gap caused by sin, reconciling humanity to God through His sacrificial death and resurrection. 1 Timothy 2:5 states, “For there is one God and one mediator between God and mankind, the man Christ Jesus.” This mediating role is central to the Christian understanding of salvation.

弥赛亚预言的实现：

Jesus being called the Son of God signifies the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies concerning the Messiah. Passages such as Psalm 2:7 and Isaiah 9:6 anticipated a divine figure who would bring salvation and establish God’s kingdom. Jesus’ identification as the Son of God confirms His messianic identity and mission.

基督教身份基础：

For believers, recognizing Jesus as the Son of God is fundamental to their faith and identity. This acknowledgment shapes their understanding of who Jesus is, influences their worship, and guides their discipleship. Romans 8:14-17 speaks of believers as “children of God” through their relationship with Christ, the Son of God, emphasizing the transformative impact of this title on their lives.

保证 永生:

The title “Son of God” provides assurance of eternal life to believers. John 3:16 links belief in Jesus, the Son of God, with the promise of eternal life. This assurance is a source of hope and motivation for Christians, affirming that through faith in Jesus, they are granted eternal communion with God.

摘要：

• The title “Son of God” affirms Jesus’ divinity, crucial for the doctrine of the Trinity.
• 它突出了耶稣是天父独一无二的启示者。
• The title underscores Jesus’ role as the mediator of salvation between God and humanity.

早期的教会教父们，在他们的智慧和深刻的神学反思中，提供了对耶稣儿子身份的深刻见解，寻求阐明他的神圣本质的奥秘和他与天父的独特关系。 他们的作品为我们今天的大部分理解奠定了基础。

安提阿的伊格纳修斯：

Ignatius, writing in the early 2nd century, passionately defended the divinity of Jesus Christ. In his letters, particularly to the Ephesians, he refers to Jesus as both “God come in the flesh” and the “Son of God.” Ignatius emphasizes the unity and continuity between Jesus and the Father, portraying the Son’s mission as divinely ordained and His nature as fully divine.

贾斯汀烈士：

Justin Martyr, an early Christian apologist, described Jesus as the “Logos,” the divine Word who existed eternally with the Father. He wrote extensively on how Jesus, the Son of God, became incarnate for the sake of humanity’s salvation. Justin’s works highlight the pre-existence of Christ and His participation in the divine essence, firmly establishing His divinity and sonship.

里昂的Irenaeus：

Irenaeus, in his seminal work “Against Heresies,” argued against various heretical views that denied the full divinity or humanity of Jesus. He emphasized the eternal generation of the Son, describing how Jesus was begotten by the Father before all ages, yet fully participated in human nature through the Incarnation. Irenaeus presented Jesus as the divine Logos, eternally begotten of the Father, through whom all things were made.

Tertullian：

Tertullian, often considered the father of Latin theology, contributed significantly to the development of Trinitarian doctrine. He coined the term “Trinity” to describe the relationship between the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. Tertullian emphasized the distinctiveness of the persons within the Godhead while maintaining their unity in essence. He articulated that Jesus, the Son of God, is of the same substance (homoousios) as the Father, fully divine and fully human.

亚历山大的阿塔纳修斯：

Athanasius was a staunch defender of the doctrine of the Trinity against Arianism, which denied the full divinity of the Son. In his writings, particularly “On the Incarnation,” Athanasius argued that only someone who was truly God could redeem humanity. He affirmed that Jesus, the Son of God, is co-eternal with the Father and of the same essence. Athanasius’ work was pivotal in the formulation of the Nicene Creed, which professes Jesus as “begotten, not made, consubstantial with the Father.”

摘要：

• 安提阿的伊格纳修斯捍卫了耶稣的神圣性质和使命，强调他与天父的合一。
• 贾斯汀烈士将耶稣描述为永恒的标志，强调他先前的存在和神圣的本质。
• 里昂的Irenaeus专注于儿子的永恒一代和他的化身为人类的救赎。
• Tertullian articulated the distinctiveness and unity of the Trinity, emphasizing Jesus’ consubstantiality with the Father.
• 亚历山大的阿塔纳修斯捍卫了耶稣对阿里安主义的完全神性，在尼西亚信条的制定中至关重要。

三位一体的教义是理解耶稣是上帝的儿子的基础。 這個教義教導上帝存在為三個人 - 父親，兒子和聖靈 - 誰共享一個神聖的本質。 每个人都是完全的上帝，共同永恒的，平等的，但他们的关系和角色不同。

统一本质：

The doctrine of the Trinity asserts that Jesus, as the Son of God, shares the same divine essence as the Father and the Holy Spirit. This unity of essence means that Jesus is fully God, possessing all the attributes of divinity. John 10:30 captures this unity when Jesus declares, “I and the Father are one.”

独特 人引擎盖：

虽然耶稣完全是神，但他在三位一体中也是独一无二的人。 聖父、聖子和聖靈不僅僅是神的不同模式或表現。 他们是不同的人，存在于爱和共融的关系中。 这种独特的人格允许三位一体的每个人在救赎经济中扮演的独特角色。 例如，父将圣子送到世上（约翰福音3:16），圣子差遣圣灵（约翰福音14:26）。

永恒的一代：

The relationship between the Father and the Son is described as one of eternal generation. This means that the Son is eternally begotten of the Father, not created or made. This theological concept is articulated in the Nicene Creed, which states that Jesus is “begotten, not made, consubstantial with the Father.” This eternal generation affirms the Son’s co-eternity and co-equality with the Father.

在救赎中的角色：

The doctrine of the Trinity explains how Jesus, as the Son of God, plays a unique and indispensable role in the salvation of humanity. The Father, out of love for the world, sends the Son to redeem it (John 3:16). The Son, through His life, death, and resurrection, accomplishes this redemption. The Holy Spirit applies the benefits of Christ’s redemptive work to believers, sanctifying and empowering them to live as children of God (Romans 8:14-17).

关系动力学：

The Trinity also highlights the relational dynamics within the Godhead. The love and communion between the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit serve as a model for human relationships and the life of the Church. Jesus’ prayer in John 17 reflects this relational aspect, where He prays for His followers to be one as He and the Father are one (John 17:21).

摘要：

• 三位一体的教义教导说，耶稣与父和圣灵有着相同的神圣本质。
• 耶稣在三位一体中是一个独特的人，允许在救赎的经济中发挥独特的作用。
• 圣子永远是父生的，肯定了他的共同永恒和共同平等。
• Jesus’ role in salvation is central, with the Father sending the Son to redeem humanity.
• 三位一体内的关系动态是人际关系和教会生活的典范。

不同的基督教教派，同时分享关于耶稣作为上帝的儿子的核心信仰，以不同的方式解释和强调这一教义。 这些解释反映了他们的神学传统，礼仪实践和教义强调。

Catholic Church:

The Catholic Church upholds the belief that Jesus is the eternal Son of God, consubstantial with the Father. This belief is articulated in the Nicene Creed, recited during Mass. The Church teaches that Jesus’ divine sonship is essential for understanding the mystery of the Trinity and the Incarnation. The sacraments, particularly the Eucharist, are seen as means by which believers participate in the divine life of the Son.

東正教會：

The Eastern Orthodox Church shares the same Trinitarian doctrine, emphasizing the eternal generation of the Son from the Father. The Orthodox tradition deeply reveres the mystery of the Trinity and the Incarnation, seeing Jesus as fully God and fully human. The divine liturgy and the veneration of icons highlight the Orthodox understanding of Jesus’ divine and human natures, celebrating His victory over death and His role in theosis (deification) of humanity.

新教教堂：

Protestant denominations, stemming from the Reformation, also affirm Jesus as the Son of God. They emphasize the authority of Scripture and often focus on Jesus’ redemptive work on the cross. Different Protestant traditions highlight various aspects:

• Lutheranism:强调信仰的称义和耶稣在圣体圣体中的存在。
• 改革传统： Stresses God’s sovereignty and the covenant relationship between God and humanity, with Jesus as the mediator.
• Evangelicalism: Focuses on the personal relationship with Jesus as the Son of God, the need for conversion, and the authority of the Bible.

圣公会圣餐：

圣公会维持三位一体和耶稣作为上帝儿子的传统教义。 共同禱告書反映了這種信仰，特別是其信條和禮儀祈禱。 圣公会神学经常平衡信仰的圣礼，礼仪和福音方面，将耶稣视为敬拜和个人奉献的中心。

五旬节与魅力运动：

这些运动强调信心的经验方面，特别是圣灵的工作。 他们肯定耶稣是上帝的儿子，并经常专注于他的名字在治愈，救赎和个人转变的能力。 圣灵在揭示耶稣和赋予信徒权力方面的作用是他们神学的一个重要方面。

摘要：

• Catholic Church: Emphasizes Jesus’ consubstantiality with the Father and His role in the sacraments.
• 東正教會：专注于三位一体的奥秘，化身和理论。
• 新教教堂：瓦里强调，路德会专注于称义，改革宗对盟约神学，和福音派关于个人关系和皈依。
• 圣公会圣餐：平衡圣礼，礼仪和福音派方面，将耶稣视为敬拜和奉献的中心。
• 五旬节与魅力运动： Emphasize the experiential aspect of faith, the power of Jesus’ name, and the role of the Holy Spirit.

在整个

基督教历史，耶稣的神性和儿子身份一直是重大神学争议的主题。 这些辩论塑造了基督教教义的发展，并导致了对基督本质的重要澄清。

阿里安争议：

The Arian controversy in the 4th century was one of the most significant early debates. Arius, a priest from Alexandria, taught that Jesus, the Son of God, was not co-eternal with the Father but was a created being, albeit the highest of all creatures. Arius argued that there was a time when the Son did not exist. This view was condemned at the First Council of Nicaea in 325 AD, which affirmed that Jesus is “begotten, not made, consubstantial with the Father.” The Nicene Creed emerged from this council, explicitly stating the full divinity of Jesus.

Nestorianism：

Nestorius, a 5th-century archbishop of Constantinople, proposed that Jesus had two separate natures—one divine and one human—acting in conjunction but not fully united. This led to the rejection of the title Theotokos (“God-bearer”) for Mary, suggesting instead Christotokos (“Christ-bearer”). The Council of Ephesus in 431 AD condemned Nestorianism, affirming that Jesus is one person with two natures, fully divine and fully human, united in the hypostatic union.

Monophysitism：

為了回應涅斯托里主義，一些神學家，如尤提切斯，主張單物理主義，認為耶穌只有一種本性，主要是神性，在化身之後。 这一观点在公元451年的迦尔塞登委员会(Council of Chalcedon)上被拒绝，它肯定了虚态联盟的学说： 耶稣是一个人，有两个截然不同但统一的本性，完全神圣和完全的人。

收养主义：

Adoptionism is the belief that Jesus was a mere human who was adopted as God’s Son at His baptism, resurrection, or ascension. This view denies the eternal pre-existence of the Son. It was considered heretical by the early Church and condemned at various councils, including the Second Council of Nicaea in 787 AD.

Docetism：

Docetism, an early heresy, taught that Jesus’ physical body was an illusion and that His suffering and death were not real. This view undermined the reality of the Incarnation and the full humanity of Jesus. The Church Fathers, including Ignatius of Antioch and Irenaeus, strongly opposed Docetism, affirming that Jesus was fully human and fully divine.

现代争议：

In more recent times, debates have arisen around the interpretation of Jesus’ divinity and sonship, particularly in liberal theological circles. Some modern theologians question the traditional understanding of Jesus’ unique divinity, proposing various Christological models that emphasize His role as a moral teacher or prophetic figure rather than the incarnate Son of God. These views are often debated within the context of biblical scholarship and the broader ecumenical dialogue.

摘要：

• 阿里安争议： Debated whether Jesus was co-eternal with the Father, leading to the affirmation of His full divinity at the Council of Nicaea.
• Nestorianism： Proposed two separate natures of Jesus, condemned at the Council of Ephesus, affirming the hypostatic union.
• Monophysitism： Held that Jesus had only one nature, rejected at the Council of Chalcedon, affirming His two natures.
• 收养主义： Claimed Jesus was adopted as God’s Son, rejected by early councils.
• Docetism： Taught that Jesus’ physical body was an illusion, opposed by early Church Fathers.
• 现代争议： Include debates over the traditional understanding of Jesus’ unique divinity.

The Catholic Church, in its profound wisdom and guided by the Holy Spirit, explains Jesus’ sonship through the rich tapestry of Sacred Scripture, Sacred Tradition, and the Magisterium. This understanding is encapsulated in the doctrines of the Incarnation, the Trinity, and the Church’s creedal formulations.

神聖的兒子與三位一體：

The Catholic Church teaches that Jesus Christ is the eternal Son of God, the Second Person of the Holy Trinity. This belief is rooted in the Nicene Creed, which professes, “We believe in one Lord, Jesus Christ, the only Son of God, eternally begotten of the Father, God from God, Light from Light, true God from true God, begotten, not made, consubstantial with the Father.” This creed, recited in the liturgy, affirms that Jesus is of the same essence as the Father, sharing fully in the divine nature.

永恒的一代：

The Church explains that Jesus’ sonship is not a temporal event but an eternal reality. The Son is eternally begotten of the Father, a mystery that transcends human understanding. This eternal generation does not imply a beginning or creation but signifies a relationship within the Godhead where the Son is always with the Father, eternally proceeding from Him.

化身：

Central to the Catholic understanding of Jesus’ sonship is the doctrine of the Incarnation. The Church teaches that the eternal Son of God assumed human nature in the womb of the Virgin Mary, becoming fully human while remaining fully divine. This mystery is beautifully expressed in John 1:14: “The Word became flesh and made his dwelling among us.” The Incarnation is the ultimate expression of God’s love, wherein the Son of God enters into human history to redeem and sanctify humanity.

Jesus’ Unique Role:

The Catholic Church emphasizes the unique role of Jesus as the Son of God in the economy of salvation. Through His life, death, and resurrection, Jesus reconciles humanity to the Father. As the eternal Son, He reveals the Father’s love and mercy, offering Himself as a perfect sacrifice for the sins of the world. The Church celebrates this mystery in the liturgy, especially in the Eucharist, where the sacrificial love of Christ is made present and accessible to the faithful.

圣经基础：

The Church draws upon numerous scriptural passages to elucidate Jesus’ sonship. The baptism of Jesus (Matthew 3:17), the Transfiguration (Matthew 17:5), and the prologue of John’s Gospel (John 1:1-18) are key texts that reveal Jesus as the beloved Son of the Father. The letters of Paul, such as Romans 1:3-4 and Colossians 1:15-20, further expound on the divine nature and pre-existence of the Son.

教会神父和公会：

The teachings of the early Church Fathers, such as Athanasius, Augustine, and the Cappadocian Fathers, along with the ecumenical councils (Nicaea, Ephesus, Chalcedon), have been instrumental in articulating and defending the doctrine of Jesus’ sonship. These authoritative teachings continue to guide the Church’s understanding and proclamation of this central mystery of faith.

摘要：

• 神聖的兒子與三位一體：耶穌是神永恆的兒子，與天父同在，正如尼西亞信條所宣稱的那樣。
• 永恒的一代： Jesus’ sonship is an eternal reality, signifying His eternal relationship with the Father.
• 化身：上帝永恒的儿子承担了人性，成为完全的人，同时保持完全神圣的赎回人性。
• Jesus’ Unique Role: Jesus, as the Son of God, reveals the Father’s love and offers Himself as a perfect sacrifice for sin.
• 圣经基础：关键的圣经经文揭示耶稣是天父的爱子。
• 教会神父和公会： The teachings of the Church Fathers and ecumenical councils have shaped and defended the doctrine of Jesus’ sonship.

愿我们对耶稣作为神的儿子的反思加深我们的信仰，使我们更接近天父的心，他派他爱的儿子给我们带来永生和与他共融。