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Saint Teresa Benedicta of the Cross (Edith Stein)

Western calendar
9 August
Orthodox calendar
Not kept
Patron of
Europe

Edith Stein, born into an observant Jewish family in Germany in 1891, gave up praying at fourteen, and became a philosopher under Edmund Husserl, until the faith of a grieving friend and the autobiography of Teresa of Avila brought her to Christ and to baptism in 1922. She entered the Carmel of Cologne as Sister Teresa Benedicta of the Cross and later fled to Echt in Holland, and when the Nazis came for her and her sister Rosa she took Rosa by the hand and said, "Come, we are going for our people." She died in the gas chambers of Auschwitz on 9 August 1942, and the Church honours her as a patron of Europe.

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Feast days, two calendars and patron saints

A saint’s feast day is the day each year when the Church remembers that saint in its worship, and for most saints it is the day they died. These are among the oldest days in the Christian year: after Easter and Pentecost, and Christmas and Epiphany in the fourth century, the next feasts the Church kept were those of the apostles and the martyrs.

Many saints have two dates in the finder because the Western and Orthodox Churches built their calendars separately over many centuries. Sometimes they remember the same saint on different days: the West keeps Saint Jude with Saint Simon on 28 October, while the Orthodox keep him on 19 June. Some Orthodox churches, such as the Russian Church, also still follow the old Julian calendar, which now runs thirteen days behind the one on our walls, so their 6 December falls on our 19 December. Where that happens the finder gives both dates.

A patron saint is a saint the Church has come to ask for help in a particular place, work or need, “a special intercessor with God and the proper advocate”, as the old Catholic Encyclopedia puts it. Some patronages were declared by a pope, as when Pius IX named Saint Joseph patron of the whole Church in 1870; most grew from long tradition, as with Saint Anthony and the things we lose.

We chose these two hundred saints by what people search for most, by name, by need and by date, and added the saints Orthodox Christians look for and the apostles. Every fact in an entry comes from a source we checked and name under it: the Catholic Encyclopedia, the Orthodox Church in America’s lives of the saints, Vatican News and the Holy See’s own documents. Where a saint’s story comes to us mostly from legend, the entry says so.