为什么教会庆祝圣彼得宴会主席1600年

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圣彼得大教堂的椅子祭坛，伯尼尼华丽的铜器纪念碑的彼得主席作为一个巨大的。
铜牌为历史悠久的木制椅子。 / Credit: 梵蒂冈 媒体

梵蒂冈城，2025年2月22日/上午11:00(CNA)。

每年2月22日，天主教会庆祝圣彼得主席的盛宴，这一传统可以追溯到1600多年前。

盛宴不仅尊重物理椅子，还尊重它所代表的东西： 圣彼得的权威，第一位教皇，和他的继任者不间断的路线。

References to the “Chair of Peter” date back to the early centuries of Christianity. St. Jerome, a biblical scholar of the fourth century, wrote in a letter: “I follow no leader save Christ, so I enter into communion with … the Chair of Peter, for this I know is the rock upon which the Church is built.”

The feast itself has been celebrated on Feb. 22 since at least A.D. 336, according to Monsignor Tiziano Ghirelli, a canon of St. Peter’s Basilica. By the fifth century, its importance had grown, with the imperial family participating in celebrations at the old St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome in 450 and 467.

The word “cathedra” refers to the seat of the bishop, which is why the mother church of a diocese is known as a cathedral. The bishop of Rome, as Peter’s successor, holds a unique role in guiding the Church.

教宗本笃十六世在2006年 catechesis that the Chair of Peter “is the symbol of the bishop’s authority and in particular, of his ‘magisterium,’ that is, the evangelical teaching which, as a successor of the apostles, he is called to safeguard and to transmit to the Christian community.”

The phrase “ex cathedra” — Latin for “from the chair” — is still used to describe the pope’s most authoritative teachings.

“Celebrating the ‘chair’ of Peter means attributing a strong spiritual significance to it and recognizing it as a privileged sign of the love of God, the eternal Good Shepherd, who wanted to gather his whole Church and lead her on the path of salvation,” Benedict said.

Yes, there is actually a chair relic kept in St. Peter’s Basilica

In addition to the symbolic meaning, there is also a physical relic known as the Chair of St. Peter housed in St. Peter’s Basilica.

木椅可追溯到9世纪，去年秋天在大教堂正在进行的修复工作中展出，以供公众崇拜。

Prior to that, the chair was last publicly exhibited in 1867, when Pope Pius IX allowed it to be seen for 12 days to mark the 1,800th anniversary of the martyrdom of Peter and Paul. Before that, the chair had not been seen since 1666 when it was first encased inside Gian Lorenzo Bernini’s monumental bronze sculpture under the stained-glass Dove of the Holy Spirit window at the basilica’s apse.

历史记录表明，木椅可能是神圣罗马皇帝查理在875年送给教皇约翰八世的礼物。 它的特色是象牙面板，描绘了希腊神话中的场景，包括赫拉克勒斯的劳动。

在中世纪，教皇庄严地坐在椅子上。 无辜三世于1198年2月22日使用木制椅子进行献祭。 

“Since the 11th century, the feast of Feb. 22 has been celebrated in Rome, and at the Vatican Basilica, with particular emphasis,” Ghirelli explained.

Bernini’s monument

In the 17th century, Pope Alexander VII commissioned Bernini to create an elaborate reliquary to house the chair. Bernini’s design, completed in 1666, features a gilded bronze throne elevated above the ground crowned by a stained-glass window depicting the Holy Spirit as a dove.

The structure is supported by statues of four doctors of the Church — two from the West, St. Augustine and St. Ambrose, and two from the East, St. John Chrysostom and St. Athanasius — symbolizing the unity of the Church through the ages, bringing together the teachings of both the Latin and Greek Church Fathers.

Above the throne, cherubs hold a papal tiara and keys, a reference to the authority given to Peter in the Gospel of Matthew: “You are Peter, and upon this rock, I will build my Church.”

Though the chair relic is once again enclosed within Bernini’s sculpture, visitors to St. Peter’s Basilica continue to pause before this symbol of the special mission of Peter and his successors to pray for the pope and his intentions.

“As we contemplate it with the wonder of faith,” Pope Francis said, “let us remember that this is the chair of love, unity, and mercy, according to Jesus’ command to the Apostle Peter not to lord it over others but to serve them in charity.”

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