ما هي الصخرة في متى 16: 18؟

قائمة المراجع:

1. ebible.com, accessed July 4, 2025, https://ebible.com/questions/2439-what-is-the-rock-in-matthew-16-18?mlgq=1&rep_k=wZLfvTnwXRdNjwLrkyO_sy_UxrMzsBNDY-6IDR8OyrPm-wnugj939iZLNv0E9yXo&rep_m=clicks&rep_e=tRCB7ciqsjeODUhqrmkd5AujT1LoOJUmT9Vdohr6-No=
2. Answering Protestant Objections to "On This Rock" | Catholic Answers Video, accessed July 4, 2025, https://www.catholic.com/video/answering-protestant-objections-to-on-this-rock
3. What is the significance of Caesarea Philippi in the Bible? | GotQuestions.org, accessed July 4, 2025, https://www.gotquestions.org/Caesarea-Philippi.html
4. The Significance of Jesus Asking, “Who Do You Say I Am?” at Caesarea Philippi, accessed July 4, 2025, https://jeffdavis.blog/2025/04/26/the-significance-of-jesus-asking-who-do-you-say-i-am-at-caesarea-philippi/
5. Sermon: Caesarea Philippi – Confronting Reality – Matthew 16 | Lifeway, accessed July 4, 2025, https://www.lifeway.com/articles/sermon-caesarea-philippi-confronting-reality-matthew-16
6. Caesarea Philippi, Banias, Peter's Confession of Christ | HolyLandSite.com, accessed July 4, 2025, https://www.holylandsite.com/caesarea-philippi
7. Ekklesia 28 The Background of Caesarea Philippi – Kingdom Congress, accessed July 4, 2025, http://www.kingdomcongress.com/ekklesia-28-the-background-of-caesarea-philippi.html
8. What is Caesarea Philippi's biblical significance? – Bible Hub, accessed July 4, 2025, https://biblehub.com/q/what's_caesarea_philippi's_biblical_role.htm
9. Caesarea Philippi and the Nephilim? – Bible Study With Randy, accessed July 4, 2025, https://www.biblestudywithrandy.com/2016/03/caesarea-philippi-nephilim/
10. Bible Knowledge Project: Matthew 16 – Providence Presbyterian Church, accessed July 4, 2025, https://www.providencechurchevv.com/pastors-corner/bible-knowledge-project-matthew-16
11. Protestant Scholars Admit Peter Is the Rock | Catholic Answers Magazine, accessed July 4, 2025, https://www.catholic.com/magazine/print-edition/peter-is-the-rock
12. What did Jesus mean by “upon this rock I will build my church” in Matthew 16:18?, accessed July 4, 2025, https://www.gotquestions.org/upon-this-rock.html
13. 'The Rock': God's Original – The Lutheran Witness, accessed July 4, 2025, https://witness.lcms.org/2022/the-rock-gods-original/
14. Upon This Rock I Will Build My Church: Matthew 16:18 & the Temple, accessed July 4, 2025, https://www.logos.com/grow/hall-upon-this-rock-i-will-build-my-church/
15. Peter Is the Rock Upon Which the Church Is Founded | Catholic …, accessed July 4, 2025, https://www.catholic.com/magazine/online-edition/peter-is-the-rock-upon-which-the-church-is-founded
16. Who is the 'rock' in Matt. 16:18? Why? : r/TrueChristian – Reddit, accessed July 4, 2025, https://www.reddit.com/r/TrueChristian/comments/ykmt89/who_is_the_rock_in_matt_1618_why/
17. The Early Church Fathers on the Rock of Matthew 16:18 – James Attebury – WordPress.com, accessed July 4, 2025, https://jamesattebury.wordpress.com/2023/09/02/the-early-church-fathers-on-the-rock-of-matthew-1618/
18. I Will Build My Church [Matthew 16:18] | Gospel Light Christian Church | Page 1000, accessed July 4, 2025, https://gospellight.sg/sermons/i-will-build-my-church-2/1000/
19. Non-Catholics, how do you interpret Matthew 16:18? : r/Christianity – Reddit, accessed July 4, 2025, https://www.reddit.com/r/Christianity/comments/p8r69y/noncatholics_how_do_you_interpret_matthew_1618/
20. How do Protestants interpret Matthew 16:13–20? – Christianity Stack Exchange, accessed July 4, 2025, https://christianity.stackexchange.com/questions/14744/how-do-protestants-interpret-matthew-1613-20
21. Is The Church Built on “Petros” or “Petra”, accessed July 4, 2025, http://www.trustingodamerica.com/Petra.htm
22. Contra Rome and Protestant: A Plausible Reading Of Matthew 16:18 | With All I Am, accessed July 4, 2025, https://withalliamgod.wordpress.com/2013/03/04/contra-rome-and-protestant-a-plausible-reading-of-matthew-1618/
23. Yes, Peter is the Rock; Matthew's Wording Makes it Clear – Defenders of the Catholic Faith, accessed July 4, 2025, https://catholicconvert.com/yes-peter-is-the-rock-matthews-wording-makes-it-clear/
24. Thou Art Peter…Part II – Institute of Catholic Culture, accessed July 4, 2025, https://instituteofcatholicculture.org/thou-art-peter-part-ii/
25. On this Rock: An Analysis of Matthew 16:18 in the Greek | The Lonely Pilgrim, accessed July 4, 2025, https://lonelypilgrim.com/2012/06/26/on-this-rock-an-analysis-of-matthew-1618-in-the-greek/
26. I Will Build My Church Part 3, accessed July 4, 2025, https://www.newcovenantgj.org/i-will-build-my-church-part-3/
27. According to Catholicism, does Matthew 16:18 justify that the Catholic Church is the one true church? – Christianity Stack Exchange, accessed July 4, 2025, https://christianity.stackexchange.com/questions/71886/according-to-catholicism-does-matthew-1618-justify-that-the-catholic-church-is
28. The Church Fathers' Interpretation of the Rock of Matthew 16:18 …, accessed July 4, 2025, https://christiantruth.com/articles/mt16/
29. Petros versus Petra | Catholic Answers Podcasts, accessed July 4, 2025, https://www.catholic.com/audio/ddp/petros-versus-petra
30. Settling the Question Concerning the Identity of the 'petra' in …, accessed July 4, 2025, https://theologyrealityandthelogos.wordpress.com/2014/07/15/settling-the-question-concerning-the-identity-of-the-petra-in-matthew-1618/
31. Protestants, It's OK to say Jesus called Peter “this rock.” – Gentleman …, accessed July 4, 2025, http://gentlemantheologian.com/2019/07/20/protestants-ok-say-jesus-called-peter-rock/
32. The Primacy of James (or the Ante-Ante-Nicene Fathers) – Old Life, accessed July 4, 2025, https://oldlife.org/2012/08/07/the-primacy-of-james-or-the-ante-ante-nicene-fathers/
33. Is Peter “the Rock”? – Question & Answer: The Orthodox Presbyterian Church, accessed July 4, 2025, https://opc.org/qa.html?question_id=650
34. Matthew 16:18 – Purely Presbyterian, accessed July 4, 2025, https://purelypresbyterian.com/tag/matthew-1618/
35. How do Presbyterians understand "binding and loosing"? – Question & Answer: The Orthodox Presbyterian Church, accessed July 4, 2025, https://www.opc.org/qa.html?question_id=474
36. Matthew 16:18b ~ The Meaning of "Church" – BTE Ministries, accessed July 4, 2025, https://bteministries.org/bsa/matthew16v13-20e/
37. Is Peter Petra or Petros ? : r/Bible – Reddit, accessed July 4, 2025, https://www.reddit.com/r/Bible/comments/ge8o03/is_peter_petra_or_petros/
38. How do Protestants interpret Matthew 16:18-19? : r/Christianity – Reddit, accessed July 4, 2025, https://www.reddit.com/r/Christianity/comments/1rvi5i/how_do_protestants_interpret_matthew_161819/
39. Matthew 16:18 – Peter as the rock, proven by history? : r/Catholicism – Reddit, accessed July 4, 2025, https://www.reddit.com/r/Catholicism/comments/gdip0w/matthew_1618_peter_as_the_rock_proven_by_history/
40. The Church Fathers' Interpretation of the Rock of Matthew 16:18 by William Webster, accessed July 4, 2025, https://www.the-highway.com/Matt16.18_Webster.html
41. The Patristic Exegesis of the Rock of Matthew 16:18 – Christian Resources, accessed July 4, 2025, https://christiantruth.com/articles/fathersmt16/
42. Early church writings identifying the rock in Matthew 16:18 : r/Christians – Reddit, accessed July 4, 2025, https://www.reddit.com/r/Christians/comments/3mytbp/early_church_writings_identifying_the_rock_in/
43. EARLY CHURCH WRITINGS THAT SUPPORT CHRIST AS THE ROCK FOUNDATION OF THE CHURCH – BIBLE STUDY MANUALS, accessed July 4, 2025, https://www.biblestudymanuals.net/early_church_writings_on_rock.htm
44. The myth of Matthew 16:18 as the end-all, be-all for Catholicism | National Catholic Reporter, accessed July 4, 2025, https://www.ncronline.org/blogs/small-c-catholic/myth-matthew-1618-end-all-be-all-catholicism
45. The Confession and the Cross of the Kingdom, Part 1 – First Presbyterian Church, accessed July 4, 2025, https://fpcjackson.org/resource-library/sermons/the-confession-and-the-cross-of-the-kingdom-part-1-the-confession-of-the-kingdom/
46. Lesson 2: Who Needs the Church? (Matthew 16:18; Ephesians 5:25; 3:8) | Bible.org, accessed July 4, 2025, https://bible.org/seriespage/lesson-2-who-needs-church-matthew-1618-ephesians-525-38