Category 1: Direct Mentions & Biblical Context These verses mention dogs directly, revealing a range of perceptions from the ancient world—from simple companions to symbols of humility or judgment. Tobit 11:4 (NRSVCE) “Then the dog, which had been with them on the journey, ran ahead, and coming as if to bring the news, joyfully wagged its tail and fawned on them.” Reflection: This is one of the Bible’s most heartwarming and modern-feeling depictions of a dog. It captures a pure,…

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