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Summary
- The Byzantine Church developed in the eastern Roman Empire, centered in Constantinople, with Greek cultural influences, while the Roman Catholic Church evolved in the western Roman Empire, centered in Rome, with Latin cultural influences.
- The churches formally split in 1054 AD due to differences in theology, liturgy, and governance, including the Filioque clause and views on papal authority.
- Liturgical differences include the Byzantine use of leavened bread and elaborate symbolism, while the Roman Church uses unleavened hosts and emphasizes active participation.
- Efforts towards reconciliation include the lifting of mutual excommunications in 1965, ongoing theological dialogues, and grassroots exchanges and collaborations.
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