Comment et quand le canon de la Bible a-t-il été constitué ?

Bibliographie :

1. www.focusonthefamily.com, accessed July 4, 2025, https://www.focusonthefamily.com/faith/how-did-we-get-the-bible/#:~:text=About%20the%20Bible-,Some%20people%20think%20the%20Bible%20was%20all%20written%20down%20about,different%20people%20inspired%20by%20God.
2. How Did We Get the Bible? – CSB, accessed July 4, 2025, https://csbible.com/toolsandtips/how-did-we-get-the-bible/
3. en.wikipedia.org, accessed July 4, 2025, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblical_canon#:~:text=A%20biblical%20canon%20is%20a,'%20or%20'measuring%20stick'.
4. Establishing the New Testament Canon | Lifeway, accessed July 4, 2025, https://www.lifeway.com/en/articles/bible-study-establishing-new-testament-canon
5. How the Canon Was Formed | Westar Institute, accessed July 4, 2025, https://www.westarinstitute.org/editorials/how-the-canon-was-formed
6. Biblical canon | Definition, Books, Judaism, & Christianity | Britannica, accessed July 4, 2025, https://www.britannica.com/topic/biblical-canon
7. Bible – Wikipedia, accessed July 4, 2025, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bible
8. How were the books of the Bible chosen? – Biblica, accessed July 4, 2025, https://www.biblica.com/resources/bible-faqs/how-were-the-books-of-the-bible-chosen/
9. The Biblical Canon – The Gospel Coalition, accessed July 4, 2025, https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/essay/the-biblical-canon/
10. What was the process of deciding on the Old Testament canon? | GotQuestions.org, accessed July 4, 2025, https://www.gotquestions.org/Old-Testament-canon.html
11. How Did We Get the Bible? – Focus on the Family, accessed July 4, 2025, https://www.focusonthefamily.com/faith/how-did-we-get-the-bible/
12. Formation of the Old Testament Canon – Renew.org, accessed July 4, 2025, https://renew.org/formation-of-the-old-testament-canon/
13. Christian History Timeline: How We Got Our Bible, accessed July 4, 2025, https://christianhistoryinstitute.org/magazine/article/how-we-got-our-bible-timeline
14. How We Got the Old Testament (The Content and Extent of the Old Testament Canon) – Insight for Living, accessed July 4, 2025, https://insight.org/resources/article-library/individual/how-we-got-the-old-testament-(the-content-and-extent-of-the-old-testament-canon)
15. The Canon of Scripture – Study Resources – Blue Letter Bible, accessed July 4, 2025, https://www.blueletterbible.org/faq/canon.cfm
16. When was the Bible created? : r/AcademicBiblical – Reddit, accessed July 4, 2025, https://www.reddit.com/r/AcademicBiblical/comments/dy6k4e/when_was_the_bible_created/
17. The Formation of the Biblical Canon – Credo Magazine, accessed July 4, 2025, https://credomag.com/2011/09/the-formation-of-the-biblical-canon/
18. Some Thoughts on the History of the New Testament Canon – The Gospel Coalition, accessed July 4, 2025, https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/themelios/article/some-thoughts-on-the-history-of-the-new-testament-canon/
19. Formation of the Biblical Canon → New Testament – Study Guide, accessed July 4, 2025, https://yalebiblestudy.org/courses/formation-of-the-biblical-canon/lessons/new-testament-study-guide/
20. Biblical canon – Wikipedia, accessed July 4, 2025, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblical_canon
21. What are the Criteria for a Book to be Canonical? – BibleQuestions.info, accessed July 4, 2025, https://biblequestions.info/2019/08/10/what-are-the-criteria-for-a-book-to-be-canonical/
22. Criteria for Biblical canon, Old and New Testament? : r/AcademicBiblical – Reddit, accessed July 4, 2025, https://www.reddit.com/r/AcademicBiblical/comments/1bi3n1b/criteria_for_biblical_canon_old_and_new_testament/
23. Muratorian fragment – Wikipedia, accessed July 4, 2025, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muratorian_fragment
24. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Muratorian Canon – New Advent, accessed July 4, 2025, https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10642a.htm
25. Muratorian Fragment | Christianity, Latin Text, 2nd Century – Britannica, accessed July 4, 2025, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Muratorian-Fragment
26. Athanasius of Alexandria – Wikipedia, accessed July 4, 2025, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria
27. Athanasius – The Development of the Canon of the New Testament, accessed July 4, 2025, http://www.ntcanon.org/Athanasius.shtml
28. Athanasius on the Canon of Scripture – Bible Research, accessed July 4, 2025, https://www.bible-researcher.com/athanasius.html
29. en.wikipedia.org, accessed July 4, 2025, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome#:~:text=He%20is%20best%20known%20for,Latin%20Bible%20translations%20had%20done.
30. Jerome – Wikipedia, accessed July 4, 2025, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome
31. Augustine Use of Scripture | PDF | Biblical Canon – Scribd, accessed July 4, 2025, https://www.scribd.com/document/849050682/Augustine-Use-of-Scripture
32. Synod of Hippo – Wikipedia, accessed July 4, 2025, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synod_of_Hippo
33. Who Compiled the Bible and When? | Catholic Answers Q&A, accessed July 4, 2025, https://www.catholic.com/qa/who-compiled-the-bible-and-when
34. Development of the New Testament canon – Wikipedia, accessed July 4, 2025, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Development_of_the_New_Testament_canon
35. Why did the Council of Trent accept some apocryphal books of the Bible but not others?, accessed July 4, 2025, https://www.catholic.com/qa/why-did-the-council-of-trent-accept-some-apocryphal-books-of-the-bible-but-not-others
36. THE CANONIZATION OF THE BOOKS OF THE JEWISH, CATHOLIC, AND PROTESTANT SCRIPTURES – FireScholars, accessed July 4, 2025, https://firescholars.seu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1015&context=ccplus
37. Canons of the Hebrew Bible – CRI/Voice Institute, accessed July 4, 2025, https://www.crivoice.org/canonot.html
38. Why are there removed books from the Bible? : r/Christianity – Reddit, accessed July 4, 2025, https://www.reddit.com/r/Christianity/comments/a641wv/why_are_there_removed_books_from_the_bible/
39. Canon of Trent – Wikipedia, accessed July 4, 2025, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canon_of_Trent
40. Why Are Protestant, Catholic, and Orthodox Bibles Different? – Bible Gateway Blog, accessed July 4, 2025, https://www.biblegateway.com/blog/2022/04/why-are-protestant-catholic-and-orthodox-bibles-different/
41. Hebrew and Christian Bibles: A Comparative Chart – Catholic Resources, accessed July 4, 2025, https://catholic-resources.org/Bible/Heb-Xn-Bibles%20Chart.pdf
42. www.crosswalk.com, accessed July 4, 2025, https://www.crosswalk.com/faith/bible-study/what-do-lost-books-of-the-bible-say.html#:~:text=As%20Bolinger%20explains%2C%20these%20books,the%20Bible%20to%20start%20with.
43. What are the lost books of the Bible? | GotQuestions.org, accessed July 4, 2025, https://www.gotquestions.org/lost-books-Bible.html
44. Should Christians Read the Lost Books of the Bible? – – Mike Signorelli, accessed July 4, 2025, https://mikesignorelli.com/should-christians-read-the-lost-books-of-the-bible/
45. The Gospel of Thomas: An Overview – The Bart Ehrman Blog, accessed July 4, 2025, https://ehrmanblog.org/the-gospel-of-thomas-an-overview/
46. Why isn't the Gospel of Thomas in the Bible?, accessed July 4, 2025, https://enterthebible.org/why-isnt-the-gospel-of-thomas-in-the-bible-matt-skinner
47. What is the Gospel of Thomas? | GotQuestions.org, accessed July 4, 2025, https://www.gotquestions.org/gospel-of-Thomas.html
48. www.catholic.com, accessed July 4, 2025, https://www.catholic.com/qa/why-isnt-the-gospel-of-thomas-in-the-bible#:~:text=Answer%3A,it's%20not%20in%20the%20Bible.
49. Why is the lost Gospel of Thomas omitted from today's teaching of the Bible? – Quora, accessed July 4, 2025, https://www.quora.com/Why-is-the-lost-Gospel-of-Thomas-omitted-from-today-s-teaching-of-the-Bible
50. Why isn't the Gospel of Thomas in the Bible? | Catholic Answers Q&A, accessed July 4, 2025, https://www.catholic.com/qa/why-isnt-the-gospel-of-thomas-in-the-bible
51. Why the Gospel of Thomas isn't in the Bible – CrossExamined.org, accessed July 4, 2025, https://crossexamined.org/why-the-gospel-of-thomas-isnt-in-the-bible/
52. Oneness in the Gospel of Thomas – Integral Christian Network, accessed July 4, 2025, https://www.integralchristiannetwork.org/writings/2023/2/4/oneness-in-the-gospel-of-thomas
53. RLST 152 – Lecture 8 – The Gospel of Thomas | Open Yale Courses, accessed July 4, 2025, https://oyc.yale.edu/religious-studies/rlst-152/lecture-8
54. Gospel of Thomas, accessed July 4, 2025, https://www.marquette.edu/maqom/Gospel%20of%20Thomas%20Lambdin.pdf
55. 1-Minute Case for Excluding the Gospel of Thomas from the Bible | by Street Theologian, accessed July 4, 2025, https://streettheologian.medium.com/1-minute-case-for-excluding-the-gospel-of-thomas-from-the-bible-14d39fcf64f6