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Resumo
- Vinegar in the Bible is sour wine, called chomets em hebraico e oxos in Greek, made from wine or other fermented drink that has turned.
- In the Gospels it was the posca that Roman soldiers drank, sour wine mixed with water, and most likely the drink in the jar John says stood by the cross.
- Boaz invited Ruth to dip her bread in vinegar as a welcome, while Nazirites gave it up during their vow and Proverbs uses its sting for a lazy messenger and for songs sung to a heavy heart.
- Psalm 69:21 says “in my thirst they gave me vinegar to drink,” and John says Jesus said “I thirst” so that the Scripture might be fulfilled.
- Gall is the Hebrew rosh, a bitter and poisonous herb, and in Matthew the Greek cholē, bile or anything bitter.
- Jesus refused the drink mixed with gall or myrrh at the start of the crucifixion; the usual explanation, drawn from a later Jewish custom in the Talmud, is that it was given to dull pain and he chose to stay clear-minded. At the end he received the sour wine and said, “It is finished.”
- Scripture gives vinegar no power as a charm; its meaning lies in the hands that offer it, and Jesus now offers living water to anyone who is thirsty.
Bibliografia (Clique para mostrar)
- The Holy Bible, King James Version (public domain), quoted from BibleGateway and counted in the Project Gutenberg text (eBook #10): Exodus 12:22; Numbers 6:2–3; Ruth 1:4–5; 2:2–3, 14, 17; 4:13, 17; Psalm 69:1–4, 20–21; Proverbs 10:26; 25:20; 31:6; Matthew 27:34, 46–49; Mark 15:23, 34–36; Luke 23:36–37; John 2:17; 7:37; 15:25; 19:14, 28–30. gutenberg.org/ebooks/10
- Matthew 27:34 in the English Standard Version and the New International Version, BibleGateway. biblegateway.com
- Brown, Driver e Briggs, Léxico Hebraico e Inglês, entry chomets (Strong’s H2558), on Bible Hub. biblehub.com
- Joseph Henry Thayer, Léxico Grego-Inglês do Novo Testamento, entry oxos (Strong’s G3690), on Bible Hub. biblehub.com
- Psalm 69 with its title, King James Version, on Bible Hub. biblehub.com
- Brown, Driver e Briggs, Léxico Hebraico e Inglês, entry rosh (Strong’s H7219), on Bible Hub. biblehub.com
- Joseph Henry Thayer, Léxico Grego-Inglês do Novo Testamento, entry cholē (Strong’s G5521), on Bible Hub. biblehub.com
- Babylonian Talmud, Sanhedrin 43a, William Davidson edition of the Koren Noé Talmud, English translation with commentary by Rabbi Adin Even-Israel Steinsaltz, on Sefaria. sefaria.org
- Bíblia de Cambridge para Escolas e Faculdades, note on Mark 15:23, on Bible Hub. biblehub.com
- “Nitre”, Dicionário Bíblico de Easton (1897) and the Enciclopédia Bíblica Padrão Internacional (1915), on Bible Hub. biblehub.com
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