The Bible uses vanity in two senses: what passes like a breath, and the empty glory a person seeks. Ecclesiastes opens with “Vanity of vanities, all is vanity” (1:2), and Psalm 144:4 calls a human life a breath. Paul warns against conceit (Philippians 2:3), and Jesus against doing good to be seen (Matthew 6:1). In Ecclesiastes and the psalms the Hebrew word is hebel, vapor or breath, and Proverbs 31:30 uses it for beauty that is “passing.” The conceit of…
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