Is “John” the Most Iconic Name in the Bible?

Is John a name found in the Bible?

In the Old Testament, we encounter several individuals named Yohanan, which is typically translated as Johanan in English versions. This name appears in various contexts, often associated with priests, military leaders, and other figures of importance in Israelite history. For instance, we find a Johanan who was a high-ranking military officer during the time of Gedaliah, the Babylonian-appointed governor of Judah after the fall of Jerusalem (2 Kings 25:23).

But it is in the New Testament that the name John truly comes to prominence. Here, we find it rendered in Greek as IōannĔs, which is then transliterated into English as John. The most notable bearers of this name in the New Testament are John the Baptist and John the Apostle, both of whom play pivotal roles in the gospel narratives and the early Christian church.

John the Baptist, the forerunner of Jesus Christ, is a central figure in all four gospels. His mission to prepare the way for the Messiah and his baptism of Jesus mark him as a crucial link between the Old and New Covenants. John the Apostle, often referred to as “the disciple whom Jesus loved,” is traditionally credited with authoring the Gospel of John, three epistles, and the Book of Revelation.

Beyond these two prominent Johns, we also encounter others in the New Testament, such as John Mark, the author of the Gospel of Mark, and John the father of Simon Peter. The prevalence of this name in the New Testament reflects its popularity among Jews in the first century AD, likely due to its rich theological significance.

I find it fascinating how the name John threads through the biblical narrative, from the priests and warriors of the Old Testament to the prophet who heralded the Messiah and the apostle who provided some of the most powerful theological insights in the New Testament. This continuity speaks to the enduring importance of the name and its meaning in salvation history.

Psychologically the recurrence of this name throughout Scripture can be seen as a powerful symbol of God’s consistent presence and action in human history. The various Johns serve as touchpoints, reminding us of the divine plan unfolding across generations.

John is not merely a name found in the Bible; it is a name woven into the very fabric of the biblical narrative, carrying with it a weight of theological significance and historical importance that continues to resonate with believers today.

What does the name John mean in Hebrew?

Let’s unpack this meaning layer by layer. The name Yohanan is a compound of two elements: “Yo,” which is a shortened form of the divine name YHWH (Yahweh), and “hanan,” meaning “to be gracious” or “to show favor.” This combination creates a powerful statement of faith, encapsulating the belief in God’s benevolent nature and His willingness to extend grace to His people.

The concept of divine grace, so central to this name, is a cornerstone of both Jewish and Christian theology. It speaks to the unmerited favor of God, His willingness to bless and sustain His creation out of sheer love rather than any worthiness on our part. In the Hebrew Bible, we see this grace manifested in God’s covenant relationships, His forgiveness of sins, and His continual guidance of the Israelites despite their frequent failings.

When we consider the prominent bearers of this name in the New Testament, particularly John the Baptist and John the Apostle, we can see how their lives and ministries embodied this concept of divine grace. John the Baptist, as the forerunner of Christ, proclaimed the coming of God’s grace in human form. John the Apostle, in his gospel and epistles, expounds deeply on the themes of God’s love and grace as revealed in Jesus Christ.

Psychologically the meaning of John can be seen as a powerful affirmation of human worth. In a world where we often struggle with feelings of inadequacy or unworthiness, this name reminds us that we are recipients of divine favor, not because of our own merits, but because of God’s gracious nature. This can be a source of powerful comfort and self-esteem, rooted not in fleeting human achievements but in the unchanging character of God.

I find it major that this name, with its emphasis on grace, bridges the Old and New Testaments. It reminds us of the continuity of God’s gracious dealings with humanity, from His covenant with Israel to the ultimate expression of grace in the incarnation, life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ.

The meaning of John also carries implications for how we view and treat others. If we truly internalize the idea that God is gracious to us, it should inspire us to extend that same grace to those around us. This aligns beautifully with Jesus’ teachings on forgiveness and love for one’s neighbors and even enemies.

In our modern context, where names are often chosen for their sound or family traditions rather than their meanings, reflecting on the significance of John can be a valuable spiritual exercise. It invites us to consider how we experience God’s grace in our own lives and how we might become channels of that grace to others.

The name John in Hebrew is not just a label, but a concise theological statement. It’s a constant reminder of God’s gracious nature, an affirmation of human worth, and a call to embody that same grace in our interactions with others. It’s a name that encapsulates a fundamental truth of our faith: that we are loved and favored by a gracious God.

How many people named John are in the Bible?

In the Old Testament, we encounter the name in its Hebrew form, Yohanan (יוֹחָנָן), which is often translated as Johanan in English versions. There are several individuals with this name, including:

1. Johanan son of Kareah, a military leader in the time of Gedaliah (Jeremiah 40-43)
2. Johanan, a high priest mentioned in Nehemiah 12:22-23
3. Johanan, son of Tobiah, an opponent of Nehemiah (Nehemiah 6:18)
4. A few other minor characters in genealogies (1 Chronicles 3:15, 3:24, 6:9-10)

In the New Testament, where the Greek form IōannĔs (Ἰωάννης) is used, we find more prominent figures named John:

1. John the Baptist, the forerunner of Jesus
2. John the Apostle, “the disciple whom Jesus loved”
3. John Mark, traditionally considered the author of the Gospel of Mark
4. John, the father of Simon Peter (John 1:42, 21:15-17)
5. John the high priest, mentioned in Acts 4:6

There are references to individuals named John in the early church, such as in some of Paul’s letters, though it’s not always clear if these are new individuals or references to those already mentioned.

In total, we can confidently identify at least 10-12 distinct individuals named John (or its Hebrew/Greek equivalents) in the Bible. But this number could potentially be higher if we consider possible unnamed Johns or if some references that seem to be to the same person actually refer to different individuals.

Psychologically the recurrence of this name throughout Scripture is fascinating. It speaks to the cultural importance of names and their meanings in ancient Near Eastern societies. The fact that so many parents chose to name their children Yohanan/John suggests a widespread desire to invoke God’s grace upon their offspring. Moreover, the choice to bestow the name Johanan, with its roots in the concept of divine grace, reflects a profound belief in the protective and blessing qualities associated with names. This practice underscores how names served not only as identifiers but also as carriers of hope and intention for the family. Similarly, exploring the origin of the name Alex reveals an equally rich tapestry of meaning, often associated with protection and leadership, further illustrating the timeless significance placed on names throughout history.

I find it major that this name, with its meaning of “God is gracious,” appears with such frequency. It serves as a recurring reminder of God’s gracious nature throughout the biblical narrative, from the Old Testament through to the early church. The prominence of Johns in pivotal roles – particularly John the Baptist and John the Apostle – underscores the theme of divine grace in the story of salvation.

The multiplicity of Johns in Scripture can be seen as a reflection of the diversity within the people of God. From priests to warriors, from apostles to opponents of God’s work, we see individuals named John playing various roles. This diversity reminds us that God’s grace is not limited to a particular type of person or role but is available to all.

In our modern context, where we often encounter many individuals sharing the same name, this biblical reality can remind us of the unique value of each person, regardless of the commonality of their name. Each John in Scripture had his own story, his own relationship with God, his own role to play in the divine narrative.

Although we cannot pin down an exact number, the multiple Johns in Scripture form a tapestry that illustrates God’s ongoing work of grace throughout history. They remind us of the personal nature of God’s interaction with humanity, where each individual – regardless of the uniqueness or commonality of their name – has a place in His story.

Who are some important Johns in the Bible?

We must speak of John the Baptist. This remarkable figure stands at the intersection of the Old and New Testaments, embodying the role of the last great prophet of the old covenant and the herald of the new. John’s ministry of baptism and repentance prepared the way for Jesus, fulfilling the prophecies of Isaiah about a voice crying in the wilderness. His unwavering commitment to his calling, even in the face of persecution and death, makes him a model of faithfulness and courage.

Psychologically John the Baptist’s role as a transitional figure is fascinating. He bridges two eras, helping people navigate the powerful shift from the anticipation of the Messiah to His actual arrival. This role of facilitating transition and change is one that many of us are called to play in various contexts in our lives.

Next, we must consider John the Apostle, often referred to as “the disciple whom Jesus loved.” Traditionally believed to be the author of the Gospel of John, three epistles, and the Book of Revelation, this John’s contribution to Christian theology and spirituality is immeasurable. His Gospel, with its powerful exploration of Jesus’ divinity and the concept of God’s love, has shaped Christian thought for two millennia.

I find John’s emphasis on love particularly major. His writings remind us that at the heart of our faith is not merely doctrine or ritual, but a relationship of love with God and with one another. Psychologically, this focus on love speaks to our deepest human needs for connection and meaning.

Another important John is John Mark, traditionally considered the author of the Gospel of Mark. While not as prominent in the biblical narrative as the previous two, his contribution is nonetheless major. Mark’s Gospel, likely the earliest written, provides a vivid, action-packed account of Jesus’ ministry that has been instrumental in spreading the Good News.

We should also mention John, the father of Simon Peter. Although we know little about him directly, his significance lies in his role as the father of one of Jesus’ closest disciples. This John reminds us of the importance of family and upbringing in shaping individuals who go on to play crucial roles in God’s plan.

In the Old Testament, we find Johanan son of Kareah, a military leader who played a major role in the tumultuous period following the Babylonian conquest of Judah. His story, recounted in the book of Jeremiah, illustrates the complex political and spiritual challenges faced by God’s people in times of national crisis.

Each of these Johns, in their unique ways, exemplifies different aspects of what it means to be “graced by God.” John the Baptist shows us divine grace empowering bold proclamation of truth. John the Apostle reveals grace as the foundation for deep spiritual insight and love. John Mark demonstrates grace enabling faithful service and clear communication of the gospel message. John, Peter’s father, reminds us of the grace present in family life and its impact on future generations. Johanan son of Kareah shows grace at work in the complex world of politics and national leadership.

These diverse examples of important Johns offer us a range of models for understanding our own roles and callings. They remind us that God’s grace can manifest in various ways – through prophetic witness, deep contemplation, practical service, family influence, or leadership in challenging times.

What is the significance of John the Baptist?

John the Baptist serves as the bridge between the Old and New Testaments. He embodies the culmination of the prophetic tradition, standing as the last in the line of Old Testament prophets while simultaneously heralding the new covenant. His call to repentance and his baptismal practice set the stage for Jesus’ ministry, fulfilling the prophecy of Isaiah about a voice crying in the wilderness to prepare the way of the Lord (Isaiah 40:3).

Psychologically John’s role as a transitional figure is profoundly major. He helps people navigate a major paradigm shift, moving from anticipation to realization, from prophecy to fulfillment. This process of facilitating transition is one that many of us are called to in various contexts of our lives, making John a model for how to stand between the familiar past and the uncertain but promising future.

John’s significance is further underscored by Jesus’ own words about him. In Matthew 11:11, Jesus declares, “Truly I tell you, among those born of women there has not risen anyone greater than John the Baptist.” This extraordinary commendation places John in a position of unparalleled importance among the prophets and saints of the Old Testament era.

I find John’s practice of baptism particularly major. While Jewish ritual washings existed before John, his baptism was unique in its focus on repentance and spiritual renewal. This practice prefigured the Christian sacrament of Baptism, which would become a cornerstone of the Church’s life and mission. John’s baptism of Jesus, recounted in all four Gospels, marks the beginning of Jesus’ public ministry and is a theophany – a manifestation of the Triune God.

John’s uncompromising commitment to truth, even in the face of powerful opposition, makes him a model of prophetic witness. His criticism of Herod Antipas’s unlawful marriage, which ultimately led to his martyrdom, demonstrates the courage required to speak truth to power. In our modern context, where moral relativism often prevails, John’s example challenges us to stand firm in our convictions.

John’s ascetic lifestyle and his call for repentance speak to the human need for periodic self-examination and renewal. His message reminds us of the importance of confronting our shortcomings and actively working towards personal and societal transformation.

John’s humility in relation to Jesus is profoundly major. His statement, “He must increase, but I must decrease” (John 3:30), encapsulates a fundamental principle of Christian discipleship. It challenges us to center our lives on Christ rather than on our own egos or accomplishments.

In the Catholic tradition, John the Baptist is honored as a saint, with two major feast days: his nativity on June 24 and his martyrdom on August 29. This liturgical recognition underscores his enduring significance in the life of the Church.

John’s role in identifying Jesus as “the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world” (John 1:29) is of paramount theological importance. This declaration points to the sacrificial nature of Jesus’ mission and connects the Old Testament sacrificial system with its fulfillment in Christ.

How did Jesus view John the Apostle?

We must recognize that Jesus viewed John as “the disciple whom Jesus loved” (John 13:23; 19:26; 20:2; 21:7, 20). This special designation, which appears only in John’s Gospel, speaks volumes about the unique bond between Jesus and John. It’s important to understand, that this doesn’t mean Jesus loved John more than the others, but rather that John was particularly receptive to Jesus’ love and found his identity in being loved by Christ.

Jesus saw in John a spiritual son, someone He could entrust with powerful spiritual truths and responsibilities. This is evident in the way Jesus included John, along with Peter and James, in pivotal moments of His ministry. John was present at the Transfiguration (Mark 9:2-8), witnessing Jesus’ divine glory. He was also invited to be near Jesus during His agonizing prayer in Gethsemane (Mark 14:32-34). These experiences suggest that Jesus viewed John traditionally attributed to this apostle, contains some of the most powerful theological reflections on Jesus’ nature and mission. This suggests that Jesus saw in John a mind and heart capable of grasping and articulating these deep truths.

Jesus also viewed John as a faithful friend and companion. At the Last Supper, it was John who reclined next to Jesus (John 13:23), a position of honor and intimacy. This physical closeness mirrored the spiritual closeness Jesus felt with John.

Perhaps one of the most poignant indications of how Jesus viewed John is seen at the crucifixion. In His final moments, Jesus entrusted the care of His mother Mary to John (John 19:26-27). This act reveals that Jesus saw in John a person of great compassion, responsibility, and trustworthiness – someone who could provide for and protect what was most precious to Him.

Lastly, we must consider that Jesus viewed John as a future leader and pillar of the Church. Along with Peter and James, John was seen as a “pillar” of the early Christian community (Galatians 2:9). Jesus, in His divine foresight, must have recognized the crucial role John would play in spreading the Gospel and nurturing the early Church.

What books of the Bible did John write?

Traditionally, John the Apostle has been credited with writing five books of the New Testament: the Gospel of John, the three Epistles of John (1 John, 2 John, and 3 John), and the Book of Revelation. But it’s important to approach this topic with both faith and an openness to scholarly insights.

Let’s begin with the Gospel of John. This powerful and deeply spiritual account of Jesus’ life and teachings has long been attributed to “the disciple whom Jesus loved” (John 21:20-24), traditionally identified as John the Apostle. The Gospel itself doesn’t explicitly name its author, but it claims to be based on the eyewitness testimony of this beloved disciple. The early Church Fathers, such as Irenaeus and Polycarp, affirmed John’s authorship, and this view has been widely held throughout Christian history.

The Gospel of John stands out among the four Gospels for its unique perspective and theological depth. It presents Jesus as the eternal Word of God made flesh, emphasizing His divinity while also portraying His humanity. The intimate relationship between Jesus and the beloved disciple, as depicted in this Gospel, aligns well with what we know of John’s special closeness to Jesus.

Moving on to the Epistles, 1 John, 2 John, and 3 John have also been traditionally attributed to John the Apostle. These letters share similar themes and language with the Gospel of John, focusing on love, truth, and the incarnation of Christ. The author of 1 John identifies himself as an eyewitness to Jesus’ life (1 John 1:1-3), which aligns with John’s experience as an apostle.

The Book of Revelation, also known as the Apocalypse, identifies its author as “John” (Revelation 1:1, 4, 9). Early Christian tradition, as reflected in the writings of Justin Martyr and Irenaeus, identified this John with the Apostle. The book’s vivid visions and prophecies have been seen as consistent with the depth of spiritual insight attributed to John in the Gospel.

But modern biblical scholarship has raised questions about the traditional view of Johannine authorship. Some scholars suggest that these works may have been written by different authors within a “Johannine community” that preserved and developed John’s teachings. They point to differences in style and theology between the Gospel, Epistles, and Revelation as evidence for multiple authors.

For instance, the Greek style of Revelation is notably different from that of the Gospel and Epistles, leading some to suggest it may have been written by a different John. Similarly, some scholars propose that the Gospel and Epistles may have been written or compiled by disciples of John, based on his teachings and testimony, rather than by John himself.

These scholarly debates remind us of the complex nature of biblical authorship and the process of canonization. They invite us to appreciate the communal aspect of the early Church’s preservation and transmission of apostolic teaching.

As people of faith, we can hold these scholarly insights in tension with our traditional understanding. The essential truth and inspiration of these texts do not depend on their exact authorship. Whether written directly by John’s hand or compiled by his disciples, these books bear the stamp of his apostolic authority and reflect the powerful spiritual insights he gained through his close relationship with Jesus.

How did the name John become popular among Christians?

The popularity of the name John among Christians is a fascinating journey through history, spirituality, and cultural influence. It’s a story that speaks to the powerful impact of biblical figures on our faith and society.

The name John, derived from the Hebrew name Yohanan, means “God is gracious” or “God has shown favor.” This beautiful meaning itself carries a powerful message of divine love and mercy, which resonates deeply with Christian theology. The popularity of the name John among Christians can be attributed to several key factors.

We must consider the major biblical figures who bore this name. John the Baptist, the forerunner of Christ, played a crucial role in preparing the way for Jesus’ ministry. His call to repentance and his baptism of Jesus marked the beginning of Jesus’ public ministry. The Gospel accounts portray John the Baptist as a prophet of great importance, with Jesus Himself declaring, “Among those born of women, there is no one greater than John” (Luke 7:28). This high praise from Jesus undoubtedly contributed to the esteem in which early Christians held the name John.

Equally influential was John the Apostle, “the disciple whom Jesus loved.” As we discussed earlier, John’s close relationship with Jesus, his role as an eyewitness to key events in Christ’s life, and his contributions to the New Testament made him a beloved figure in early Christianity. The depth of spiritual insight found in the Gospel of John and the emphasis on love in his epistles resonated strongly with Christian communities.

The veneration of these two Johns in the early Church naturally led to many parents naming their children after them. This practice of naming children after saints and biblical figures, known as “nameday tradition,” became widespread in Christian cultures. It was seen as a way of placing the child under the patronage and protection of the saint, as well as expressing hope that the child would emulate the virtues of their namesake.

As Christianity spread throughout Europe during the Middle Ages, the name John gained even more popularity. The Crusades, which began in the late 11th century, led to increased devotion to St. John the Baptist, as his relics were believed to be housed in Constantinople. This further popularized the name among European Christians.

In England, the name John became particularly common after the Norman Conquest in 1066. The Plantagenet kings, several of whom were named John, further cemented the name’s popularity. By the 13th and 14th centuries, John was one of the most common male names in England.

The Protestant Reformation, while rejecting many Catholic practices, did not diminish the popularity of biblical names. In fact, the Reformers’ emphasis on Scripture often led to an increased use of biblical names, including John. In many Protestant communities, naming children after biblical figures was seen as a way of honoring God and expressing faith.

The name John has also been borne by numerous influential Christian leaders throughout history, from Pope John Paul II to the reformer John Calvin, further enhancing its appeal. These figures have continued to inspire parents to choose the name for their children.

In more recent times, the name John has remained popular, though its usage has varied in different cultures and time periods. In English-speaking countries, it was among the most common names for much of the 20th century, though it has declined somewhat in recent decades.

The enduring popularity of the name John across different Christian traditions – Catholic, Orthodox, and Protestant – speaks to its unifying nature. It’s a name that transcends denominational boundaries, reminding us of our shared biblical heritage.

What did the early Church Fathers say about John?

Irenaeus of Lyons, writing in the late 2nd century, was one of the earliest and most influential Church Fathers to comment extensively on John. He affirmed John’s authorship of the fourth Gospel, describing how John wrote his Gospel while residing in Ephesus. Irenaeus emphasized John’s role as an eyewitness to Christ’s ministry, stating that John “reclined on the Lord’s bosom” and was therefore uniquely positioned to share deep spiritual truths about Jesus(Hill, 2015, pp. 147–148).

Irenaeus also highlighted John’s longevity, noting that he lived until the time of Emperor Trajan (98-117 AD). This longevity was seen as providential, allowing John to combat early heresies, particularly those that denied Christ’s divinity. Irenaeus saw John’s Gospel as a refutation of these heresies, emphasizing its clear proclamation of Christ’s divine nature(Hill, 2015, pp. 147–148).

Clement of Alexandria, writing around the same time as Irenaeus, provided additional details about John’s life and ministry. He recounted a story of John pursuing a young convert who had fallen into a life of crime, illustrating John’s pastoral heart and his belief in the power of repentance. Clement also described John as the “spiritual Gospel” writer, emphasizing the powerful theological nature of his writings(Hill, 2015, pp. 147–148).

Origen, in the early 3rd century, continued this tradition of venerating John. He referred to John as the “son of thunder,” a title given by Jesus (Mark 3:17), which Origen interpreted as referring to John’s powerful spiritual insight. Origen particularly admired the depth of John’s prologue, seeing in it a sublime expression of Christ’s divinity(Hill, 2015, pp. 147–148).

Eusebius of Caesarea, often called the “Father of Church History,” provided valuable historical information about John in his Ecclesiastical History. He recounted traditions about John’s exile to Patmos, where he wrote the Book of Revelation, and his later ministry in Ephesus. Eusebius also preserved earlier traditions about John’s encounters with heretics and his emphasis on love as the central Christian virtue(Hill, 2015, pp. 147–148).

John Chrysostom, the great preacher of the 4th century, delivered homilies on John’s Gospel that deeply influenced subsequent interpretation. He praised John’s spiritual elevation, comparing the opening of his Gospel to an eagle soaring to great heights. Chrysostom emphasized John’s teachings on love and unity, seeing these as central to John’s message(Hill, 2015, pp. 147–148).

Augustine of Hippo, writing in the late 4th and early 5th centuries, also held John in high regard. He saw John’s Gospel as the most powerful of the four, stating that Although the other evangelists walked with Christ on earth, John soared like an eagle above the clouds of human weakness to contemplate the Word with God. Augustine particularly valued John’s teachings on love and the Trinity(Hill, 2015, pp. 147–148).

These Church Fathers were not merely engaging in hagiography. Their reflections on John were deeply intertwined with their theological reflections and their efforts to articulate and defend Christian doctrine. They saw in John’s writings, particularly his Gospel and First Epistle, powerful resources for understanding the nature of Christ, the Trinity, and the Christian life.

The Church Fathers also grappled with the differences between John’s Gospel and the Synoptic Gospels (Matthew, Mark, and Luke). They generally saw these differences not as contradictions but as complementary perspectives, with John providing a more “spiritual” account that complemented the more “bodily” accounts of the Synoptics.

The Church Fathers often turned to John’s writings in their debates against various heresies. The clear affirmations of Christ’s divinity in John’s Gospel were particularly valuable in countering Arianism and other doctrines that questioned Christ’s divine nature.

The early Church Fathers viewed John as a figure of immense spiritual authority and insight. They saw him as an eyewitness to Christ’s ministry, a powerful theologian, a pastoral leader, and a defender of orthodox faith. Their reflections on John have deeply shaped Christian understanding of his role and the significance of his writings.

Are there any modern Christian traditions related to the name John?

The name John continues to hold a special place in modern Christian traditions, reflecting its enduring significance in our faith. While practices may vary across different Christian denominations and cultures, there are several notable traditions and customs related to the name John that persist to this day.

The practice of naming children after John remains popular among Christians worldwide. This tradition, rooted in the ancient practice of naming children after saints and biblical figures, continues to be a way for parents to express their faith and place their children under the spiritual patronage of St. John the Baptist or St. John the Apostle. In many cultures, particularly in Catholic and Orthodox traditions, children named John celebrate their “name day” on the feast day of their patron saint, often with special prayers, blessings, or small celebrations(Berglund et al., 2023).

One of the most prominent modern traditions is the celebration of the feast days of St. John the Baptist (June 24) and St. John the Apostle (December 27). These days are marked by special church services and, in some cultures, community gatherings and feasts. many Christian families still name their children John in honor of these saints, hoping to inspire similar virtues of faith and devotion.

Psychologically names carry deep personal and cultural significance. The name John, being so deeply rooted in religious tradition, often imbues individuals with a sense of identity and continuity with their faith. This can provide a psychological anchor, offering a sense of belonging and purpose within the larger Christian community.

The rituals and celebrations associated with the name John can serve as important cultural touchstones, reinforcing communal bonds and shared values. These traditions can foster a sense of stability and continuity in an ever-changing world, which is crucial for psychological well-being.

The name John continues to hold a special place in modern Christian traditions, both in terms of religious observance and psychological significance. It’s a beautiful example of how historical legacies can shape and enrich contemporary life.

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Bibliography:

Ashworth, W. (1998). The Lesser and the Greater Lights: A Re-examination of the Relationship of the Writings of Ellen White to the Bible. Jou