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Resumo
- The Coptic Orthodox Church is the ancient church of Egypt, which traces its beginning to St. Mark in Alexandria, and it is led today by Pope Tawadros II, the 118th Pope of Alexandria.
- Copts and the Eastern Orthodox parted over the Council of Chalcedon in 451, where Copts kept to St. Cyril’s phrase “The One Nature of God the Incarnate Logos” and the Eastern Orthodox confess Christ in two natures.
- In 1989 and 1990 theologians of both families agreed that they hold the same faith about Christ in different words, but the two churches are still not in full communion.
- The Coptic Orthodox Church baptizes babies as well as adults by immersion, anoints them straight afterwards with the holy Myron, and teaches that baptism washes away sins.
- Copts believe the bread and cup of the Eucharist are truly Christ’s Body and Blood, and they give Communion only to those baptized and chrismated in their own faith who confess and fast.
- The Coptic Church honours Mary as the Mother of God, ever-virgin, and asks her prayers, but it does not accept the Immaculate Conception, teaching that she was born with original sin and never sinned.
- Coptic teaching comes from Scripture together with Holy Tradition and the first three ecumenical councils, where the Eastern Orthodox accept seven.
Bibliografia (Clique para mostrar)
- Scripture quotations are from the King James Version (public domain), as published on BibleGateway: Isaiah 19:19; Matthew 2:14; Mark 16:16; Luke 1:43; John 1:14; John 6:51; John 17:21; Romans 6:4; 1 Timothy 3:16. https://www.biblegateway.com/versions/King-James-Version-KJV-Bible/
- Pope Shenouda III. Comparative Theology, chapters on baptism, infant baptism, immersion, repentance and salvation, the Virgin Mary, and Tradition. St-Takla.org. https://st-takla.org/books/en/pope-shenouda-iii/comparative-theology/index.html
- Pope Shenouda III. The Nature of Christ, chapters on the Orthodox concept, one nature and two natures, Eutyches, the Council of Chalcedon and the agreed statement with the Catholic Church. St-Takla.org. https://st-takla.org/books/en/pope-shenouda-iii/nature-of-christ/index.html
- Coptic Orthodox Church, Patriarchate of Alexandria. “Coptic History”; “Ecumenical Councils”; “Ecclesiastical Families”; “Pope Tawadros II.” https://copticorthodox.church/en/coptic-church/coptic-history/, https://copticorthodox.church/en/holy-synod/ecumenical-councils/, https://copticorthodox.church/en/holy-synod/ecclesiastical-families/, https://copticorthodox.church/en/popes/pope-tawadros-ii/
- Sleman, Fr. Abraam D., ed. St. Basil Liturgy Reference Book (The Confession; The Holy Communion). CopticChurch.net. https://www.copticchurch.net/pdf/liturgy/liturgy_of_st_basil.pdf
- Coptic Orthodox Diocese of the Southern United States. Questions and Answers on Communion, the Eucharist, salvation, the Theotokos, converts and the Catholic Church (questions 36, 64, 67, 157, 159, 546, 547, 783, 918, 934, 964, 1002, 1116, 1259, 1421, 1860, 1985). https://www.suscopts.org/q&a/index.php?qid=1985&catid=136
- Coptic Orthodox Diocese of the Southern United States. “Coptic Rites (4): Liturgy of the Believers.” https://www.suscopts.org/ssc/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/04-Liturgy_of_the_Believers.pdf
- Coptic Orthodox Diocese of the Midlands, U.K. “Sacraments”; “What is the difference between the Coptic Orthodox Church and the Coptic (Egyptian) Catholic Church?” https://ukmidcopts.org/coptic/sacraments/, https://ukmidcopts.org/resources/q-a/theology-dogma/what-is-the-difference-between-the-coptic-orthodox-church-and-the-coptic-egyptian-catholic-church-v15-240/
- Bishop Mettaous. Sacramental Rites in the Coptic Orthodox Church, 2nd edition. Coptic Orthodox Diocese of the Midlands, U.K. https://ukmidcopts.org/download/148
- Coptic Orthodox Diocese of Los Angeles, Southern California and Hawaii. “Introduction to the Coptic Orthodox Church.” https://www.lacopts.org/orthodoxy/coptic-orthodox-church/introduction-coptic-orthodox-church/
- Joint Commission of the Theological Dialogue between the Orthodox Church and the Oriental Orthodox Churches. First Agreed Statement (Anba Bishoy Monastery, 1989) and Second Agreed Statement and Recommendations to the Churches (Chambésy, 1990). https://orthodoxjointcommission.wordpress.com/2013/12/14/first-agreed-statement-1989/, https://orthodoxjointcommission.wordpress.com/2013/12/14/second-agreed-statement-1990/
- Pope Paul VI and Pope Shenouda III. Common Declaration, 10 May 1973. The Holy See. https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/en/speeches/1973/may/documents/hf_p-vi_spe_19730510_dichiarazione-comune.html
- Council of Chalcedon (451). “The Definition of Faith” and “The Condemnation Sent by the Holy and Ecumenical Synod to Dioscorus.” In Pais Nicenos e Pós-Nicenos, Series 2, vol. 14, Os Sete Concílios Ecuménicos. Christian Classics Ethereal Library. https://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf214.xi.xiii.html, https://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf214.xi.x.html
- Igreja Ortodoxa na América. A Fé Ortodoxa: “The Fourth Ecumenical Council”; “The Monophysites”; “The Councils”; “Incarnation”; “Tradition”; “Baptism”; “Holy Eucharist.” https://www.oca.org/orthodoxy/the-orthodox-faith
- Orthodox Church in America. “Sinlessness of Mary” (Questions and Answers). https://www.oca.org/questions/saints/sinlessness-of-mary
- Breck, Fr. John. “What’s the Difference?” Orthodox Church in America. https://www.oca.org/reflections/fr.-john-breck/whats-the-difference
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