Chinese 
English 
Dutch 
Arabic 
Spanish 
Portuguese 
Russian 
French 
Italian 
German 
Japanese 
Continue reading with a subscription
Get unlimited access to all our premium content and exclusive features.
Enjoy unlimited access, cancel anytime.
摘要
- The Bible doesn’t directly address modern contraception, but provides principles on openness to life, responsible parenthood, and marital intimacy. Christian views on contraception vary widely among denominations, with some accepting it and others opposing it.
- The Catholic Church opposes artificial contraception, including condoms, based on natural law and the belief that sex should always be open to life. However, many Protestant denominations accept contraception use within marriage for family planning.
- Early Church Fathers generally opposed contraception, but their teachings were influenced by their historical context and the methods available at the time. Modern Christians must balance respect for tradition with recognition of changed circumstances.
- Christian couples making family planning decisions should prayerfully consider their circumstances, seek spiritual guidance, and communicate openly. Alternatives to condoms include Natural Family Planning methods, periodic abstinence, and for some denominations, other forms of contraception.
参考书目（点击显示）
—
参考书目：
Adebowale, A., Gbadebo, B., & Afolabi, F. R. (2016). Wealth index, empowerment and modern contraceptive use among married women in Nigeria: are they interrelated? Journal of Public Health, 24, 415–426.
Amanze, J. (2000). Covenant With Death: The Attitude of Churches in Botswana Towards the Use of Condoms by Christians, and its Social Implications. 32, 201–208.
Bruin, T. D. (2020). Seeing is Believing: The Digital Bible and Bible Verses Online. 31, 123–152.
布鲁诺，C. R. (2015)。《圣经全书：16节经文概览》。
Chimbindi, N., Mthiyane, N., Zuma, T., Baisley, K., Pillay, D., McGrath, N., Harling, G., Sherr, L., Birdthistle, I., Floyd, S., Dreyer, J., Nakasone, S. E., Seeley, J., & Shahmanesh, M. (2020). Antiretroviral Therapy Based Hiv Prevention Targeting Young Female-Sex Workers: A Mixed Method Approach to Understand the Implementation of Prep in a Rural Area of Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa.
Chinweuba, R. E., Ajunwa, E., & Dennis, T. J. (2020). 保真度侵蚀：对《圣经》NSO译本部分选定经文的回译分析。
Cronin, C. J., Guilkey, D., & Speizer, I. (2016). The effects of health facility access and quality on family planning decisions in urban Senegal. Health Economics, 27, 576–591.
Dintwa, K. F. (2009). Factors Associated With Nonuse of Condom for Sexually Active Botswana Women. Health Care for Women International, 31, 37–52.
Galazios, G., Emin, M., Koutlaki, N., Dafopoulos, K., Liberis, V., & Anastasiadis, P. (2001). Differentiation in contraceptive behavior of the female population in Thrace, Greece. European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care, 6, 78–86.
Giusti, D. (2007). In HIV transmission, is abstinence less pragmatic than fear?
Gonța, V., Rakia, R. A., Tarabeih, M., & Turliuc, M. (2018). End of life care issues.
Heal, K. (2022). The Bible, Mormon Scripture, and the Rhetoric of Allusivity. Journal of Book of Mormon Studies.
Hellwig, F., Wado, Y., & Barros, A. (2023). Association between women’s empowerment and demand for family planning satisfied among Christians and Muslims in multireligious African countries. BMJ Global Health, 9.
Jabat, I. S., Gurning, B., & Santoso, D. (2018). 圣经路加福音中隐喻的认知功能。14。
Jib, A., Ed, A., No, E., & Os, U. (2016). Condom-Use by Students in a Higher Educational Institution in South Eastern Nigeria. Journal of Community & Public Health Nursing, 2016, 1–5.
Joshua, E. F., Ijeoma, O., & OkinedoPrince, O. (2016). Knowledge, Perception and Practice of Contraception among Staff and Students in a University Community in Delta State, Nigeria. 4.
Kane, S., Kok, M., Rial, M., Matere, A., Dieleman, M., & Broerse, J. (2016). Social norms and family planning decisions in South Sudan. BMC Public Health, 16.
Kessler, E. (2004). Bound by the Bible: Verses 6–8: Abraham and Isaac’s journey to Moriah.
Kulkarni, N., Kumar, S., & Havaldar, P. (2024). From data to decisions: Exploring family planning services utilization in Karnataka and India through the prism of NFHS-4 and NFHS-5. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care.
Lynn, C., Howells, M., & Stein, M. J. (2018). Family and the field: Expectations of a field-based research career affect researcher family planning decisions. PLoS ONE, 13.
Mccarthy, A. (2019). Intimate partner violence and family planning decisions: Experimental evidence from rural Tanzania. World Development.
Mosha, I., Ruben, R., & Kakoko, D. (2013). Family planning decisions, perceptions and gender dynamics among couples in Mwanza, Tanzania: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health, 13, 523–523.
Muula, A., Thomas, J. C., Pettifor, A., Strauss, R., Suchindran, C., & Meshnick, S. (2011). Religion, condom use acceptability and use within marriage among rural women in Malawi. World Health & Population, 12 4, 35–47.
Nwobodo, N., Anyaehie, U., Nwobodo, E., & Nwagha, U. (2016). Knowledge, attitude and perception of Vasectomy by educated Nigerian Christians. Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia, 4, 483–488.
Or, O., Hm, M., Mamman, A., Sheikh, T., Tabi-Ajayi, E., & Co, O. (2012). SEXUAL BEHAVIOR, AWARENESS OF HIV/AIDS, AND ATTITUDES OF UNMARRIED TERTIARY SCHOOL STUDENTS TO HIV COUNSELING & TESTING: IMPLICATIONS FOR CONTROL OF HIV TRANSMISSION. 2, 109–123.
Osuafor, G., Akokuwebe, M., & Idemudia, E. (2023a). Family planning decision-making among young males in Southern Africa. African Journal of Reproductive Health, 27 10, 16–35.
Osuafor, G., Akokuwebe, M., & Idemudia, E. (2023b). Male Involvement in Family Planning Decisions in Malawi and Tanzania: What Are the Determinants? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20.
Permana, S., Juanda, D., Lontoh, F. O., Noertjandranata, H., & Eveline, S. (2019). 使用量子学习联想法背诵主日学圣经经文。《Didaskalia》期刊。
Phillips, P. (2019). 社交媒体上的热门圣经经文。《圣经、社交媒体与数字文化》。
Pinter, T., & Márkus, K. P. (2022). 在线圣经阅读器在圣经索引制作中的作用。《匈牙利研究年鉴》，4，183–196。
Rodrigues, D. L., Lopes, D., Pereira, M., Prada, M., & Garrido, M. (2018). Motivations for Sexual Behavior and Intentions to Use Condoms: Development of the Regulatory Focus in Sexuality Scale. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 48, 557–575.
Saragih, E., Lubis, S., Saragih, A., & Silalahi, M. (2017). 印度尼西亚语版《圣经》教义经文中的概念语法隐喻。《语言研究理论与实践》，7，847–854。
Shamir, A. (2023). Rabbi Jesus in Martin Luther’s Bible Translations. Journal of the Bible and Its Reception, 10, 123–150.
Shen, Y., & Jiang, L. (2021). Power Relations in Reproductive Decisions Under the Transforming Family Planning Policy in China. Journal of Family Issues, 43, 2841–2867.
Silitonga, R. E. (2016). 圣经约翰福音经文中的词汇隐喻。
Stachowiak, L. (2020). 我们应如何解读圣经中关于人的经文。《华沙神学研究》(Studia Theologica Varsaviensia)。
Tarkang, E., Pietra, Adam, A., Fusheini, A., & Kweku, M. (2016). Perceptions Regarding HIV/AIDS and Risky Behaviours Among Prison Inmates in Southwest Region of Cameroon. 121–126.
Teye-Kwadjo, E., Kagee, A., & Swart, H. (2017). Predicting the Intention to Use Condoms and Actual Condom Use Behaviour: A Three-Wave Longitudinal Study in Ghana. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 9 1, 81–105.
Ucheaga, D. N., & Hartwig, K. (2010). Religious leaders’ response to AIDS in Nigeria. Global Public Health, 5, 611–625.
VanderDrift, L., Agnew, C., Harvey, S., Warren, J. T., Harvey, S., Marie, W., & T, J. (2013). Whose intentions predict? Power over condom use within heterosexual dyads. Health Psychology, 32 10, 1038–1046.
VanderDrift, L., Agnew, C., Sm, H., & Warren, J. T. (2012). Whose intentions predict? Power over condom use within heterosexual dyads: Correction to VanderDrift Agnew Harvey and Warren (2012). Health Psychology, 31, 737–737.
Wambete, S. N., Baru, A., Serwaa, D., Dzantor, E. K., Poku-Agyemang, E., Kukeba, M. W., & Olayemi, O. O. (2022). Attitude of reproductive age women towards male involvement in family planning; a community-based cross-sectional study in Nakawa Division, Kampala, Uganda. medRxiv.
Albornoz, S. (2010). If the pope can change his mind on condoms, why not emergency contraceptives? BMJ, 341.
Ananie, N. (2018). BIRTH CONTROL: CHRISTIAN ETHICAL PERSPECTIVE HAKIZIMANA Phanuel & NSENGUMUREMYI Ananie* Adventist University of Central Africa , P. O. Box 2461, Kigali, Rwanda.
Aparicio, E. M., Kachingwe, O. N., Fleishman, J. L., & Novick, J. (2021). Birth Control Access and Selection among Youths Experiencing Homelessness in the United States: A Review. Health & Social Work.
Ayittey, H.-S. (2021). The Use of Birth Control Methods by Adult Males: A Case Study of the Amasaman, Accra, Ghana.
Biermeier, C. (2019). Believing without contributing? Developing a theoretical modelfor the system of church financingof the Roman Catholic Church in Germany.
Bovens, L. (2009). Can the Catholic Church agree to condom use by HIV-discordant couples? Journal of Medical Ethics, 35, 743–746.
Bozîntan, G. (2023). The Norwegian Cabin in Christian Valeur’s Steffen tar sin del av ansvaret. Studia Universitatis BabeÈ™-Bolyai Philologia.
Burke, E. (2013). Protecting the sanctity of human life: The Catholic Church & her relationship with HIV/AIDS prevention.
Cm, C. (2018). Birth Control: American Universities and Equal Protection. 3.
Cole, M. (2023). Psychological effects of Christian teachings about sin and hell. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 26, 736–754.
Conradie, E. (2020). THE PROJECT / PROSPECTS OF REDEEMING SIN?: SOME CORE INSIGHTS AND SEVERAL UNRESOLVED PROBLEMS. 119, 1–22.
Dowler, E. (2020). Book Review: Antonio Autiero and Laurenti Magesa (eds), The Catholic Ethicist in the Local Church. Studies in Christian Ethics, 33, 569–572.
Downie, A. (2022). The Sin of Being Human? Christian Theological Response to Mental Illness. Feminist Theology, 31, 181–196.
Everett, S., Warren, C. W., Santelli, J., Kann, L., Collins, J., & Kolbe, L. (2000). Use of birth control pills, condoms, and withdrawal among U.S. high school students. Journal of Adolescent Health, 27 2, 112–118.
Foschi, R., Innamorati, M., & Taradel, R. (2018). A disease of our time: The Catholic Church’s condemnation and absolution of psychoanalysis (1924-1975). Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 54 2, 85–100.
Glad, J. (2006). BOOK REVIEW ARTICLE: Catholicism and Eugenics in the Weimar Republic and in the Third Reich. Mankind Quarterly, 46, 497–508.
Haratine, T. P. (2023). Andrew Ter Ern Loke. Evil, Sin and Christian Theism. The Journal of Analytic Theology.
James, P. B., Osborne, A., Babawo, L., Bah, A., & Margao, E. K. (2022). The use of condoms and other birth control methods among sexually active school-going adolescents in nine sub-Saharan African countries. BMC Public Health, 22.
Joshua, S. (2014). Tell me where I can find the condom! Catholic AIDS discourses in South Africa during the 1990s. Historia, 59, 72–87.
Kj, C. (1969). Condoms and birth control in school clinics 书信(#)(#)(#)(#)(#).
Klitsch, M. (2002). In Mozambique social diversity within church congregations encourages contraceptive use. International Family Planning Perspectives, 28, 126.
Laing, J. (2012). THE BACKGROUND AND CONSEQUENCES OF THE REPRODUCTIVE REVOLUTION.
Lauby, J., Semaan, S., O’Connell, A., Person, B., & Vogel, A. (2001). Factors Related to Self-Efficacy for Use of Condoms and Birth Control Among Women at Risk for HIV Infection. Women & Health, 34, 71–91.
Lloyd, C. E. M. (2021). Contending with Spiritual Reductionism: Demons, Shame, and Dividualising Experiences Among Evangelical Christians with Mental Distress. Journal of Religion and Health, 60, 2702–2727.
Loke, A. (2022). Evil, Sin, and Christian Theism.
Mary, E., Udau, S., & Darmawan, I. P. A. (2022). Theological knowledge internalization in man and sin doctrine learning. International Journal of Humanities and Innovation (IJHI).
Masters, N., Morrison, D., Querna, K., Casey, E., & Beadnell, B. (2017). Correlates of Young Men’s Intention to Discuss Birth Control with Female Partners. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 49, 37–43.
Ms, C. (1993). Condoms and birth control in school clinics. Postgraduate Medicine, 93, 37.
Musili, T., Gecaga, M., & Gitome, J. (2018). Condom Use and Culture of Life: The Roman Catholic Church Dilemma in the Wake of New HIV Infections. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, 8, 66–72.
Muula, A., Thomas, J. C., Pettifor, A., Strauss, R., Suchindran, C., & Meshnick, S. (2011). Religion, condom use acceptability and use within marriage among rural women in Malawi. World Health & Population, 12 4, 35–47.
Mwansa, M. (2011). The Catholic Church and Secular Discourses on the Use of Condoms in HIV prevention: Assessing the popular discourse among Catholic students of kasama school of Nursing.
Nabożny, M. (2022). The Catholic Church and Media: Promoting the Church’s Presence in Social Media. Teologia i CzÅ‚owiek.
Oddens, B. (1999). Women’s satisfaction with birth control: a population survey of physical and psychological effects of oral contraceptives, intrauterine devices, condoms, natural family planning, and sterilization among 1466 women. Contraception, 59 5, 277–286.
Oyedeji, O. O. (2024). A Comparative Study of the Concept of Sin in Christian Religion and African Indigenous Religion. The International Journal of Humanities & Social Studies.
Peprah, A., & Amoah, R. O. (2022). The Akan and the Catholic Concept of Sin and Reconciliation Compared. E-Journal of Religious and Theological Studies.
Sapalakkai, R. S. (2024). Does Sin Still Come to Christians? The Perspective of 1 John 3:9. PASCA¯: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen.
SherifGirgis. (2016). The Historic Christian Teaching Against Contraception: A Defense (Part I).
Sulkowski, L., & Ignatowski, G. (2020). COVID-19 疫情对波兰不同基督教派宗教行为组织的影响。《宗教》杂志。
Tarabrin, R., & Tarabrina, T. (2023). Sources for Christian Bioethics: The Orthodox Discourse on Sin. Christian Bioethics: Non-Ecumenical Studies in Medical Morality.
Traeen, B., Lewin, B., & Sundet, J. (1992). Use of birth control pills and condoms among 17-19-year-old adolescents in Norway: contraceptive versus protective behaviour? AIDS Care, 4 4, 371–380.
Village, A., & Francis, L. (2021). Shaping Attitudes toward Church in a Time of Coronavirus: Exploring the Effects of Personal, Psychological, Social, and Theological Factors among Church of England Clergy and Laity. Journal of Empirical Theology.
Walker, J. (2021). The Catholic Church in Republican Musical Aesthetics. Sacred Sounds, Secular Spaces.
Wiebe, E., Janssen, P., Henderson, A., & Fung, I. (2004). Ethnic Chinese women’s perceptions about condoms, withdrawal and rhythm methods of birth control. Contraception, 69 6, 493–496.
Yazkova, V. (2023). Meritocracy in focus of scientific controversy: catholic church and italian intellectuals. Contemporary Europe.
Yillah, R., Bull, F., Sawaneh, A., Reindorf, B., Turay, H., Wurie, H., Hodges, M., & Osborne, A. (2024). Religious leaders’ nuanced views on birth spacing and contraceptives in Sierra Leone – qualitative insights. Contraception and Reproductive Medicine, 9.
