Tzitzit: What the Fringes on a Jewish Prayer Shawl Mean



  • Tzitzit are the knotted fringes God told Israel to wear on the corners of their garments, so that every time they looked at them they would remember his commandments (Numbers 15:37–41; Deuteronomy 22:12).
  • Jews today wear them on the tallit at prayer and on the small tallit katan under the shirt, and the passage from Numbers is the third paragraph of the Shema.
  • Rashi adds up the letters of the word, which come to six hundred, and the eight threads and five knots of each fringe, and he arrives at 613, the number of the commandments of the Torah; Ramban objected that the Torah’s own spelling comes only to 590.
  • The Torah asks for a blue thread, tekhelet, but the dye was scarce even in the days of the Mishnah, which lets a fringe keep the commandment without it, and most Jews, Rabbi Rashi Simon says, still wear none.
  • The codes of Jewish law accepted Rabbi Shimon’s view that women are exempt, and Jewish teachers have told a woman who wants a tallit that she need not, that she might, and by some that she had better not, while Conservative and Reform rabbis write that it is open to her.
  • Where the King James Bible says “hem” or “border” in five places, the Greek word is the one Thayer’s lexicon gives for tzitzit, so the fringe a woman touched in the Gospels is probably this one, though the Gospels do not say so in as many words.
  • When Jesus warns against enlarging the fringe in Matthew 23:5, his complaint is about being seen, and Rabbi Jay Kelman gives the same warning from inside Judaism.

Tzitzit are the knotted fringes God told Israel to wear on the corners of their garments, so that every time they looked at them they would remember his commandments (Numbers 15:37–41; Deuteronomy 22:12). Jews today wear them on the prayer shawl called the tallit and on a small four-cornered garment, the tallit katan, that goes under the shirt. You will also see the word spelled tzitzis, and hear it said tseet-tseet or TSIT-sis. A few threads at the corner of…

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