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Zusammenfassung
- The Golden Rule is Jesus’ teaching that we should do to others what we would want done to us, and he gives it in Matthew 7:12 and Luke 6:31.
- The rule is found in one form or another in many traditions, and we set ten sayings beside his, from Hillel, Tobit, Confucius, the Mahabharata, the Dhammapada, a Jain scripture, a Zoroastrian book, a hadith, Isocrates and the Didache.
- Eight of those ten tell us what not to do, and two tell us what to do, as Jesus does.
- Hillel said his line was the entire Torah and Jesus said his was the law and the prophets, and Christian and Jewish writers have given opposite answers on which form is the higher.
- Nobody can say for certain who first called it the Golden Rule, and the earliest use in English that one legal scholar knows of is from 1679.
- Kant objected in a footnote that the negative form cannot be a universal law, and Neil Duxbury answers that the rule touches our own character and the many people a decision reaches.
- Paul tells the Galatians that all the law is fulfilled in one word, and his word is the command from Leviticus to love our neighbour as ourselves.
Literaturverzeichnis (Zum Anzeigen klicken)
- Scripture is quoted from the King James Version (Matthew 7:12; 22:34–40; Luke 6:27–38; 10:25–37; Leviticus 19:17–18, 33–34; Romans 13:8–10; Galatians 5:13–14) and the Douay-Rheims Bible (Tobias 4:15–16, called Tobit 4:15 in modern numbering).
- Babylonian Talmud, Shabbat 31a, Sefaria Community Translation (CC0).
- Kaufmann Kohler and Emil G. Hirsch, “Golden Rule, The”, The Jewish Encyclopedia (1906).
- International Council of Christians and Jews, “Jesus, Judaism, and the Golden Rule” (quoting Professor Vermes on the Targum Pseudo-Jonathan).
- James Legge, The Chinese Classics, vol. 1, Confucian Analects, Book XV (1861).
- The Analects, Book 15, verse 24, WIST, for the numbering (15.23 in Legge and other earlier translators).
- Kisari Mohan Ganguli, The Mahabharata, Anusasana Parva section 113 and Santi Parva section 259 (Internet Archive scan).
- Acharya Buddharakkhita, Dhammapada, chapter 10 (Dandavagga), Access to Insight.
- Hermann Jacobi, Jaina Sutras, part II (Sacred Books of the East, vol. 45, 1895), Sutrakritanga book 1, lecture 11; and Jaina Sutras, part I (vol. 22, 1884), introduction and Akaranga Sutra.
- E. W. West, Shayast La-Shayast (Shayest Na-Shayest) (Sacred Books of the East, vol. 5, 1885), on avesta.org.
- Hadith 13, Forty Hadith of an-Nawawi, sunnah.com.
- “Hadith”, Encyclopaedia Britannica (for the dates of al-Bukhari and Muslim).
- Isocrates, Nicocles 61, translated by George Norlin, Perseus Digital Library; and “Isocrates”, Encyclopaedia Britannica (for the date).
- J. B. Lightfoot, Die Didache, earlychristianwritings.com.
- “Golden Rule” und “Mahabharata”, Encyclopaedia Britannica.
- “Book of Tobias”, The Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. 14 (1912), for the dating of Tobit.
- “The Golden Rule”, Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
- Philip Schaff, Theological Propaedeutic (1893), on the Didache and the positive and negative forms.
- Neil Duxbury, “Golden Rule Reasoning, Moral Judgment, and Law”, Notre Dame Law Review 84:4 (2009).
- Immanuel Kant, Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals (1785), translated by Thomas Kingsmill Abbott, Project Gutenberg.
- Hans Kung, “A Global Ethic: Development and Goals”, Interreligious Insight (2003), for the dates of Hillel.
- “Confucius”, Encyclopaedia Britannica (for his dates).
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