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Summary
- No one knows Jesus’ blood type: the Bible never gives one, and blood groups were unknown until Karl Landsteiner found the first in 1901; type AB was found in 1902.
- Hebrews says he “took part of the same” flesh and blood as we do, so he had an ordinary human blood group that was simply never recorded.
- The AB claim comes from three relics: Odoardo Linoli’s 1971 tests on the Lanciano Eucharistic miracle, Pierluigi Baima Bollone’s 1982 tests on Shroud of Turin threads, and later tests on the Sudarium of Oviedo.
- Bacteria and fungi carry the same A and B markers the tests look for, so stains centuries old can falsely read as AB.
- Radiocarbon tests in 1988 dated the Shroud’s linen to AD 1260–1390, and the Catholic Church has never ruled on whether it is genuine.
- No relic report gives an Rh factor, and Ron Wyatt’s story of 24-chromosome blood on the Ark of the Covenant rests on a lab report that was never produced.
Bibliography (Click to show)
- The Holy Bible, King James Version: Matthew 26:28; John 19:34; John 20:7; Ephesians 1:7; Hebrews 2:14, 17; Hebrews 9:22; 1 Peter 1:19. BibleGateway
- Nobel Prize Outreach, “Karl Landsteiner: Facts” and “The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1930.” nobelprize.org
- Frank Boulton, “Karl Landsteiner and the discovery of the ABO blood groups,” British Blood Transfusion Society Newsletter 59 (February 2001). bbts.org.uk
- ZENIT, “Physician Tells of Eucharistic Miracle of Lanciano” (5 May 2005), EWTN library. ewtn.com
- O. Linoli, “Ricerche istologiche, immunologiche e biochimiche sulla carne e sul sangue del miracolo eucaristico di Lanciano,” Quaderni Sclavo di Diagnostica 7, no. 3 (1971): 661–674, PubMed record. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Kelly P. Kearse and Frank Ligaj, “Scientific Analysis of Eucharistic Miracles: Importance of a Standardization in Evaluation,” Journal of Forensic Science and Research 8 (2024): 78–88. doi.org
- Pierluigi Baima Bollone, Maria Jorio and Anna Lucia Massaro, “Identification of the Group of the Traces of Human Blood on the Shroud,” Sindon 31 (1982), English reprint in Shroud Spectrum International 6. shroud.com
- British Society for the Turin Shroud, Newsletter 42, “News from around the world” (on the 1978 samples and the Sudarium). shroud.com
- P. E. Damon and others, “Radiocarbon dating of the Shroud of Turin,” Nature 337 (1989): 611–615, full text reproduced at shroud.com. shroud.com
- T. Casabianca, E. Marinelli, G. Pernagallo and B. Torrisi, “Radiocarbon Dating of the Turin Shroud: New Evidence from Raw Data,” Archaeometry 61 (2019): 1223–1231. doi.org
- Pope John Paul II, address in Turin Cathedral, 24 May 1998. vatican.va
- Mark Guscin, “The Sudarium of Oviedo: Its History and Relationship to the Shroud of Turin” (1997). shroud.com
- Janice Bennett, “The Sudarium of Oviedo and its Relationship with the Shroud of Turin,” First International Conference on the Shroud of Turin, Panama City (2012). shroud.com
- Mario Moroni, Francesco Barbesino and Maurizio Bettinelli, “A Suggestive Hypothesis Covering the Radiodating Results of the Sudarium of Oviedo and the Shroud of Turin,” abstract. shroud.com
- Kelly P. Kearse, “Inadequacies in Serological ABO Typing of Ancient Artifacts: The Shroud of Turin as a Case Example,” International Journal of Forensic Sciences 8, no. 3 (2023). doi.org
- American Red Cross, “Facts About Blood and Blood Types.” redcrossblood.org
- Stanford Blood Center, “Blood Types” (shares of the US population). stanfordbloodcenter.org
- Gordon Franz, “Where Are Bob Cornuke’s Peer-Reviewed Scientific Publications?” (section on Ron Wyatt), Life and Land. lifeandland.org
- Franco Serafini, A Cardiologist Examines Jesus (Sophia Institute Press, 2021), as quoted by Kearse and Ligaj (2024).
- Daniel T. Borkert and Ken R. Pulliam, “The Blood of Christ,” Calvary Baptist Theological Journal 3, no. 2 (Fall 1987), quoting M. R. DeHaan, The Chemistry of the Blood (1943). gospelstudies.org.uk
- John Chrysostom, Homily 46 on the Gospel of John, trans. Charles Marriott, Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series, vol. 14. newadvent.org
- Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1376. vatican.va
- Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America, “The Sacramental Life of the Orthodox Church,” quoting St John of Damascus. goarch.org
- The Augsburg Confession (1530), Article X, Of the Lord’s Supper. bookofconcord.org
- Westminster Confession of Faith, chapter 29.7, Orthodox Presbyterian Church edition. opc.org
- Southern Baptist Convention, The Baptist Faith and Message 2000, article VII. bfm.sbc.net
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