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Resumo
- Genesis names three sons of Adam and Eve, Cain, Abel and Seth, and tells us Adam also “begat sons and daughters” (Genesis 5:4).
- Genesis never names Cain’s wife, and the traditional Jewish and Christian answer is that she was his sister, though Ken Ham allows a slim possibility that she was a niece.
- The Book of Jubilees, a Jewish retelling of Genesis from the second century BC, calls Cain’s wife Awan and Seth’s wife Azura, both their sisters, and the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church keeps Jubilees in its Old Testament.
- The law against marrying a sister came later, through Moses (Leviticus 18:9): Augustine called the first marriages a necessity that religion later forbade, and the Talmud says they were permitted at the beginning of the world.
- Genesis gives no total for the children and records none for Abel, whom Cain killed, but Adam lived 800 years after Seth was born (Genesis 5:4), and some modern writers, such as S. Joshua Swamidass, propose that his descendants married people living outside the garden.
- In Humani Generis (1950), Pope Pius XII said Catholics may not hold that true men existed after Adam who did not descend from him, while the Society of Catholic Scientists, an association of Catholic scientists, reads the encyclical as leaving the question of many first parents unresolved.
Bibliografia (Clique para mostrar)
- Versão King James: Gênesis 1:28; 3:20; 3:23–24; 4:1–2, 4:14, 4:16–17, 4:25; 5:3–5; 20:12; Levítico 18:3, 18:6, 18:9; 20:17; Atos 17:26, BibleGateway.
- Agostinho, A Cidade de Deus 15.8 e 15.16, trad. Marcus Dods (1887), New Advent.
- O Livro dos Jubileus 4, trad. R. H. Charles, The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament (1913), pseudepigrapha.com.
- Crawford Howell Toy e Kaufmann Kohler, “Jubilees, Book of”, The Jewish Encyclopedia (1906), JewishEncyclopedia.com.
- A Igreja Ortodoxa Etíope Tewahedo, “A Bíblia” (livros canônicos), ethiopianorthodox.org.
- Bereshit Rabbah (Gênesis Rabbah) 22:2, The Sefaria Midrash Rabbah (2022), trad. Joshua Schreier, Sefaria.
- Talmud Babilônico, Sanhedrin 58b, Edição William Davidson, Sefaria.
- João Calvino, Comentários sobre o Primeiro Livro de Moisés Chamado Gênesis (1554), vol. 1, sobre Gênesis 4:17 e 20:12, trad. John King (1847), CCEL.
- Ken Ham, “Cain’s Wife”, em The New Answers Book 1, Answers in Genesis (2007, última atualização em 2024), Answers in Genesis.
- S. Joshua Swamidass, The Genealogical Adam and Eve: The Surprising Science of Universal Ancestry (InterVarsity Press, 2019), descrição da editora em Universidade de Washington em St. Louis, The Source.
- Hans Madueme, “Evolution and Historical Adam? A Provocative But Unconvincing Attempt”, resenha de The Genealogical Adam and Eve, The Gospel Coalition.
- Papa Pio XII, Humani Generis (12 de agosto de 1950), 37, vatican.va.
- Catecismo da Igreja Católica, 360, vatican.va.
- Sociedade de Cientistas Católicos, “Q6: Como ‘Adão e Eva’ se encaixam na evolução e na ciência das origens humanas?”, catholicscientists.org.
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