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摘要
- 格斯塔斯和迪斯马斯的名字在圣经中并未出现——它们来自后来的基督教传统和伪经（特别是4世纪的《尼哥底母福音》）。圣经只是简单地称他们为与耶稣同钉十字架的“强盗”或“罪犯”。
- 根据路加福音，其中一个强盗（传统上被认为是迪斯马斯）悔改并请求耶稣纪念他，得到了“今日你要同我在乐园里了”的应许。另一个强盗（传统上被认为是格斯塔斯）则嘲笑耶稣。这种对比成为了人类选择接受或拒绝基督的有力象征。
- 《约翰福音》记载，罗马人打断了两个强盗的腿以加速他们的死亡（这种做法称为“打断腿刑”），但当他们来到耶稣面前时，耶稣已经死了。他们的尸体很可能在安息日之前被移走，并埋葬在处决罪犯的公共墓地中。
- 教父们，特别是奥古斯丁和金口若望，利用这些人物来教导关于悔改、神圣怜悯和审判的道理。虽然这些神学解释很有意义，但区分圣经记载和关于这些人的后期传统是很重要的。
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