Christian Pure

女性は牧師や説教者になれるのか？それは教会によって異なります

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  • The Catholic and Orthodox churches ordain only men as priests; the Catechism (paragraph 1577) and 『オルディナティオ・サチェルドタリス』 (1994) ground this in Christ’s choice of twelve men.
  • The Southern Baptist Convention limits the office of pastor to men in the Baptist Faith and Message 2000, and in June 2026 voted 74.6% to write the rule into its constitution, a change that must pass again in 2027.
  • The United Methodist Church, the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, the Episcopal Church, the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.), the Assemblies of God and all the member churches of the Evangelical Church in Germany ordain women.
  • Churches that limit the office cite 1 Timothy 2:11–14 and 1 Corinthians 14:34–35; churches that ordain women cite Galatians 3:28 and women who prophesied or led, such as Deborah, Huldah, Priscilla and Phoebe.
  • Translations differ on Phoebe, called a “servant” or “deacon” in Romans 16:1, and on Junia in Romans 16:7, whom some read as a notable apostle and others as someone well known to the apostles.

Some churches allow women to serve as pastors and preachers, and others do not. The Catholic and Orthodox churches ordain only men as priests, and the Southern Baptist Convention limits the office of pastor to men. The United Methodist Church, the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, the Episcopal Church and the Assemblies of God ordain women. Does the Bible forbid women to be pastors? No verse uses the words “woman” and “pastor” together. The word “pastors” appears once in the…

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参考文献（クリックして表示）
  • Scripture quotations are from the King James Version (1611), text of Project Gutenberg eBook no. 10 (Judges 4:4; 2 Kings 22:14; Luke 6:13; John 20:17–18; Acts 2:17; 18:26; 21:9; Romans 16:1, 3, 7; 1 Corinthians 11:3, 5; 14:34–35; Galatians 3:28; Ephesians 4:11; Philippians 4:2–3; 1 Timothy 2:7, 11–14; 3:2; Titus 1:5–6; 1 Peter 5:2). Word counts for “pastors” were made on the same text. https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/10
  • Romans 16:1 and 16:7 in the English Standard Version, New International Version, Revised Standard Version, New American Standard Bible (1995) and SBL Greek New Testament. Bible Gateway. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans+16%3A7&version=ESV;NIV;RSV;NASB1995 and https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans+16%3A1&version=ESV;NIV;SBLGNT
  • カトリック教会のカテキズム, 2nd ed. Vatican City: Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1997. Paragraphs 1577–1580. https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/__P4X.HTM
  • ヨハネ・パウロ2世。使徒的書簡 『オルディナティオ・サチェルドタリス』, 、1994年5月22日。https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1994/documents/hf_jp-ii_apl_19940522_ordinatio-sacerdotalis.html
  • 教会法典, Book III, canons 756–780 (canons 766 and 767). https://www.vatican.va/archive/cod-iuris-canonici/eng/documents/cic_lib3-cann756-780_en.html
  • Francis. Apostolic letter スピリトゥス・ドミニ, modifying canon 230 §1, 10 January 2021. https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/motu_proprio/documents/papa-francesco-motu-proprio-20210110_spiritus-domini.html
  • Vatican News. “Petrocchi Commission says no to female diaconate, though judgment not definitive.” 4 December 2025. https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2025-12/petrocchi-commission-female-diaconate-no-judgment-not-definitive.html
  • World Council of Churches. “Faith and Order on women’s ordination,” quoting the conclusions of the Inter-Orthodox Theological Consultation, Rhodes, 30 October–7 November 1988. https://www.oikoumene.org/resources/documents/faith-and-order-on-womens-ordination
  • Ecumenical Patriarchate. Conclusions of the Inter-Orthodox Consultation “The Place of the Woman in the Orthodox Church and the Question of the Ordination of Women,” Rhodes, 1988, section VIII. https://orthodoxdeaconess.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Rhodes-88-10-3.pdf
  • 南部バプテスト連盟。 南部バプテスト連盟、, comparison chart of 1925, 1963 and 2000, Article VI and note on the 2023 amendment. https://bfm.sbc.net/comparison-chart/
  • Smietana, Bob (Religion News Service). “Southern Baptists Move Closer to Constitutional Ban on Women Pastors.” 『クリスチャニティ・トゥデイ』, 11 June 2026. https://www.christianitytoday.com/2026/06/southern-baptist-constitution-ban-women-pastors/
  • “American Baptists reaffirm and celebrate women in ministry.” Baptist News Global, June 2023, quoting the American Baptist Home Mission Societies board statement of 24 June 2023. https://baptistnews.com/article/american-baptist-board-reaffirms-women-in-ministry/
  • Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood. “The Danvers Statement,” December 1987, published November 1988. https://cbmw.org/about/the-danvers-statement/
  • CBE International. “Men, Women, and Biblical Equality.” https://www.cbeinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/DefiningBiblicalGenderEquality.pdf; “History of CBE.” https://www.cbeinternational.org/primary_page/history-of-cbe/
  • The Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod. “FAQs about Denominations.” https://www.lcms.org/about/beliefs/faqs/denominations
  • The United Methodist Church. “Why does the UMC ordain women?” Ask The UMC, updated 19 May 2026. https://www.umc.org/en/content/ask-the-umc-why-does-the-united-methodist-church-ordain-women
  • Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.). “First woman ordained by Presbyterian Church reflects on 65th anniversary.” 21 October 2021. https://pcusa.org/news-storytelling/news/2021/10/21/first-woman-ordained-church-reflects-65th-anniversary
  • St. Olaf College. “Elizabeth Platz.” Fifty Years On: A Half Century of Ordaining Lutheran Women. https://pages.stolaf.edu/lutheranwomensordination/elizabeth-platz/
  • The Episcopal Church. “Philadelphia Eleven.” Glossary. https://www.episcopalchurch.org/glossary/philadelphia-eleven/
  • The Church of England. “Celebrations mark 25 years of women’s ordination to the priesthood.” Press release, March 2019. https://www.churchofengland.org/media/press-releases/celebrations-mark-25-years-womens-ordination-priesthood
  • Episcopal News Service. “Libby Lane named as Church of England’s first female bishop.” 17 December 2014. https://episcopalnewsservice.org/2014/12/17/libby-lane-named-as-church-of-englands-first-female-bishop/
  • Assemblies of God (USA). “The Role of Women in Ministry as Described in Holy Scripture.” Position paper adopted by the General Presbytery, 9–11 August 2010. https://ag.org/-/media/AGORG/Beliefs/Position-Papers/PP_The_Role_of_Women_in_Ministry.pdf
  • Evangelische Kirche in Deutschland. “Rolle der Frau in der EKD.” Statement for a hearing of the Council of Europe’s equality committee, by Katrin Hatzinger. https://www.ekd.de/26343.htm
  • DOMRADIO.DE. “Kirchen und Frauenordination.” https://www.domradio.de/glossar/kirchen-und-frauenordination
  • テルトゥリアヌス。 『処女のベールについて』, chapter 9. Translated by S. Thelwall. New Advent. https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0403.htm
  • 「テルトゥリアヌス」 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Tertullian
  • “Antoinette Brown Blackwell.” ブリタニカ国際大百科事典. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Antoinette-Brown-Blackwell
  • “Elizabeth Cady Stanton.” ブリタニカ国際大百科事典. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Elizabeth-Cady-Stanton
  • Boston University School of Theology. “Bushnell, Katharine C. (1855–1946).” History of Missiology. https://www.bu.edu/missiology/missionary-biography/a-c/bushnell-katharine-c-1855%E2%80%931946/

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