什么是真福八端?马太福音第5章中的八项祝福解析



  • “真福八端”是《马太福音》5:3–10中“登山宝训”开篇的八项祝福;第11–12节直接对听众所说,有时被视为第九项。
  • 它们祝福了世人眼中所谓的不幸者——贫穷的人、哀恸的人、饥渴的人和受逼迫的人,并且首尾都以同一个应许结束:“天国是他们的。”
  • “有福”一词翻译自希腊语 makarios, ,“有福的、快乐的”,而“真福”(beatitude)一词源于拉丁语 beātitūdō, ,意为“完美的幸福”。
  • 几端真福重复了旧约的内容:“温良的人将承受土地”出自诗篇37:11,而贫穷者和哀恸者则呼应了以赛亚书61:1–3。
  • 路加福音6:20–26给出了四项祝福和四项对应的祸哉,并祝福“贫穷的人”,而马太福音祝福的是“神贫的人”。
  • 《天主教教理》指出“真福八端是耶稣宣讲的核心”(1716);大多数东正教会在普通主日的圣礼中会吟唱这些经文,但在节日则不然,奥古斯丁将前七端与《以赛亚书》11:2–3中圣灵的七种恩赐相对应。
  • 天主教教义、美国正教会、路德和加尔文都将永生视为上帝的恩赐,尽管天主教教义与加尔文在功德问题上存在分歧。

The Beatitudes are eight blessings Jesus spoke when he began to teach his disciples on a mountain. They open the Sermon on the Mount in Matthew 5:3–10, each starting with “Blessed”. A ninth saying in verses 11–12 speaks to his listeners directly, and some count it as a ninth beatitude. Luke 6:20–26 has four blessings and four woes. In the King James Version, Matthew’s eight read: “Blessed are the poor in spirit: for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.” “Blessed…

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