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Краткое содержание
- Gisela is not in the Bible. It comes from the Old German gisal, meaning pledge or hostage.
- In early medieval Europe a hostage guaranteed a treaty — often a noble child living in another household. The words for surety and hostage were the same word.
- The New Testament uses exactly that image for the Holy Spirit. Paul calls him a deposit — Greek arrabon, a first instalment of the same currency — three times.
- Ephesians 1:13-14, 2 Corinthians 1:21-22 and 5:5 all say it. Paul evidently thought it was the clearest thing he could say about assurance.
- A deposit binds the giver. The assurance rests on God’s side of the transaction, not on how certain anyone feels.
Библиография (нажмите, чтобы показать)
Sources: Behind the Name entry for Gisela (Old German gisal, “pledge, hostage”); Scripture quotations from the NIV via BibleGateway (Ephesians 1:13-14; 2 Corinthians 1:21-22; 5:5; Genesis 38:17-18, 26). The Greek arrabon as a commercial down payment is given as in standard lexicons. The early medieval practice of treaty hostages is standard in histories of the period.
